SHIVAM TOD_05_10_2012.pptx WORK OF ARCHITECT

WORK OF ARCHITECT

1. Ar . Raj Rewal Submitted by- Shivam dubey 32/10 Raktim debnath

2. BIODATA He returned to new Delhi in 1962 to set up his own architectural practice. 1963-72 taught at the Delhi school of architecture. He opened a second office in Tehran, Iran, in 1974 . He founded the architectural research cell in 1985. In 1986 curator of the exhibition “Traditional Architecture in India ” for the festival of India in Paris . Raj Rewal was Born in 1934 in Hoshiarpur, Punjab , India. He lived in Delhi and Shimla in 1939-1951. In 1951-1954, he attended Delhi school of Architecture , New Delhi. He Completed his formal professional training at the Brixton school of building, London . He became an associate of the royal institute of British architects , London . He was working in the offices of Michel Ecohard , in Paris in 1961-1962 .

3. PHILOSOPHY His bldg design include pure structural expressions, cubic volumes. He also provide for honesty in expression. They reflect a concern for climatic sensitivity, Structure , material, Tectonic variation, Memory and geometry. His architectural pursuit is centered on attempts to evolve a contemporary architecture rooted in traditional wisdom . He has been influenced by the architecture of Le Corbusier and louis khan. Also influenced by the typologies of traditional building and c ities like Jaisalmer .

4. Bldg on traces from the past he transforms them into the new. In his work continuity and change consort one another in familiar terms. The strategy thus allows a monumental quality to be imported in the projects. Much like traditional bazars he created designs modulated on a rhythm based on repetition of cubic forms.

5. FEATURES OF HIS DESIGN  URBAN FABRIC  CLUSTERS  STREETS  GATEWAYS  INNER COURTYARDS  ROOF GARDENS

6. URBAN FABRIC The forts of Jaisalmer and Jodhpur offer from high plateau splendid overviews of the cities. Settlement patterns are clearly visible and the texture of the city with its closely related solids and voids . The densely packed bldg „breathe‟ through the courtyards at different levels . Cool shadows and air currents are built into the grain of the city of Jaisalmer and are excellent demonstration of the achievement of low rise, high density development. The sense of enclosure and continuity of movement is maintained throughout the cities. THE CITY OF JAISALMER

7. Raj Rewal tried to evolve mass housing schemes based on similar criteria. In the Asian games village and Sheikh sarai housing project , the peripheral roads are connected to parking squares. The central spine of the layout is reserved for narrow, shaded , pedestrian, pathways . The layout plans follow traditional methods of creating shade and cross ventilation . The creation of the traditional narrow street, linking all the housing units, provides for intimate encounters between people and a sense of belonging to the neighborhood square. Asian games village

8. CLUSTERS The joining together of several bldg which retain their identity yet from a cohesive cluster, is an enduring vernacular tradition within the Indian subcontinent . The endless repetition of a single type of block or slab has proved a dreary (dull) solution. The street facades of Jaisalmer exhibit a simple methodology , where each house owner bought readymade elements of carved stone balconies and doors, creating a rich street composition. Traditional clusters surround a variety of open spaces with different functions around a unified pattern of movement . jaisalmer

9. Raj Rewal designed his housing schemes at Sheikh Sarai and the Institute of Immunology as a series of district clusters which are interrelated . The buildings are unified by means of similar façade treatment, using sandstone grit render, the piercing of parapets, proportions of doors, deep set windows, and stone flanking walls for the courtyard . National institute of immunology

10. COURTYARDS The public courtyard accommodates a multiple of activities ranging from religious like marriage ceremonies to the celebration of secular festivals. The interlocking courtyards at Fatehpur Sikri, to accommodate different functions creating a micro climate , free from dust, heat and sandstorms. Courtyards are protected by external walls and verandahs or are defined by rooms, and act as a light and air wells in which cool night air is trapped. Fatehpur sikri

11. Raj Rewal designed courtyards with similar consideration in mind for a variety of housing and educational buildings eg. Institute of Immunology . National institute of immunology

12. GATEWAYS Gateways were built in the cities to define particular zones. Each Gateway is like the opening of a new chapter . Gateways in the Asian Games village mark territory . JAISALMER Asian games village

13. ROOF TERRACES Roof terraces are an essential component of the lifestyle of north Indian cities . They provide welcome outdoor space during the summer nights in the dry, hot climate when the interior rooms receive the heat absorbed . Also provide an extension to living areas at upper levels during the sunny „winter‟ days when interior rooms can be cold . ROOF TERRACES IN JAISALMER

14. Private roof terraces and courtyards are an integral design component of the housing for the institute of Immunology and Asian games village. ROOF TERRACES IN ASIAN GAMES VILLAGE

15. STREETS The narrow shaded streets of Jaisalmer generate movement patterns full of fun, pleasure and surprise . The plans for the Asian games village and Sheikh sarai are based on similar narrow shaded streets linking a variety of clusters. The streets are broken up into small units, sothere are pauses , points of rest and changingvistas . STREETS IN jaisalmer STREETS IN asian games village

16. RAJ REWAL’S WORKS  RESIDENCES Satish Gujral house, New Delhi Sham Lal house, New Delhi Rewal house, New Delhi  HOUSING French Embassy Staff Quarters, New Delhi Sheikh Sarai Housing Complex, New Delhi Zakir Hussain Co-operative Housing, New Delhi Asian Games Village, New Delhi  EXHIBITION AND LARGE SPAN Nehru Memorial Pavilion, New Delhi Hall Of Nations and Hall Of Industries, New Delhi Karnataka Pavilion, New Delhi

17.  OFFICES Bhikhaji Cama Bazaar, New Delhi Engineers India House, New Delhi State Trading Corporation, New Delhi SCOPE Office Complex, New Delhi  RESEARCH &EDUCATION National Institute Of Public Finances and Policy, New Delhi . National Institute Of Immunology, New Delhi French School and Cultural Centre, New Delhi Central Institute Of Educational Technology, New Delhi

18. REWAL HOUSE ,NEW DELHI In 1973, He designed 2 independent house units, one for the architect and his family, the other for his parents. He designed in such a manner as to give both privacy and inter-relatedness to each other. Communication between the two houses is through the kitchen yard, at the back, While separate entrances and front gardens are provided across an extremely narrow frontage of only 5 meters for each. Living , dining, kitchen and study areas are on the ground floor, yet the introduction of a small cellar under the dining room offered thepossibility of a split- level and hence greater richness.

19. Part of the living room is of double height, and is overlooked by mezzanine. A small interior courtyard within the two units brings indirect light and good cross-ventilation to these spaces. Large pivoting glass doors provide continuity between the living room and the garden outside . The use of material is restricted to exposed brick externally and internally (painted white outside ). The ceilings and cantilevered stairs are of exposed concrete, softened by the texture left by wooden form work. The flooring of kotah stone in brown and bronze achieves a certain continuity, carried through in the teak-framed doors and windows . The rewal house served as a prototype for his later large scale mass housing designs.

20. Brickwork detailing of an upper Terrace paved with kota stone. Entrance Living room Dining room Bed room Kitchen Toilet Open courtyard Lobby Servants room Living below

21. A view downward into the living and dining area.

22. Entrance Living room Dining room Bed room Kitchen Toilet Open courtyard Lobby Servants room Living below

23. ISMAILI CENTRE IN LISBON,PORTUGAL  It is a permanent place where spaces for gathering of the Ismaili Muslim community for social , cultural and economic development .

24. DESIGN CONCEPTS T he design draws inspiration from Islamic philosophy and the vocabulary of design. It is innovative in terms of contemporary construction technology. It is influenced by the morphology of the courtyard concept eg. Fatehpur sikri of the paradise garden and Islamic patterns. The public spaces of design like Jamatkhana , social hall and community facilities are grouped around separate courtyards on the ground floor . The first floor is reserved for educational, institutional and Aga khan foundation areas around smaller enclosures of courtyards. The six courtyards and external spaces and landscaped with fountains, running water and appropriate foliage.

25. Prayer hall Prayer hall court Social hall Multi purpose hall Community court Entrance and reception Central courtyard Display and exhibition

26. GARDENS OF PARADISE The designed is based on 3 interconnected enclosed gardens fulfilling a distinct function. The entrance courtyard is courtyard is designed to welcome the visitor and is derived on the principle of „char bagh ‟ with flowering plants and running water. The jamatkhana courtyard is an extension of the prayer hall surrounded by a cloister and has an ambience of serenity. The central courtyard ‘char bagh ’ is dominated by fountains

27. STONE STEEL LATTICE WORK Pink granite is used in conjuction with steel as a structural material to echo the islamic patterns and forms an important features of the facades. The stone is strong in compression in conjuction with steel which is strong in tension. The lattice for the cloisters was composed of one layer of granite squares of 20 cm in combination with steel pipes of 10 cm. Lisbon is a high earthquake zone and the glazed lattice was designed to support a structural span of 25 x 35m . Its height is 10m.

28. Granite and steel lattice

29. Typical lattice shear wall

30. INFERENCES  His architectural pursuit is centered on attempts to evolve a contemporary architecture rooted in traditional wisdom.  He has been influenced by the architecture of Le corbusier and louis khan.  Also influenced by the typologies of traditional bldg . and cities like Jaisalmer .  Bldg on traces from the past he transforms the minto the new.  In his work continuity and change consort one another in familiar terms.  The strategy thus allows a monumental quality to be imported in the projects.  In 1962, he created a hyperbolic paraboloid structure with newspapers plastered on board to articulate the skin.  The pattern for Bhikaji Cama pplace designed in 1965 is reminiscent of the organization of traditional urban settlements.  Much like traditional bazars he created designs modulated on a rhythm based on repetition of cubic forms .

31.  For the halls of nations and industries he drew lessons the Humayun‟s tomb.  In Nehru pavilion he draws parallels with stupas that enshrine sacred relics.  The Satish Gujral house and Rewal house like the „ Havelis ‟ in Rajasthan .  Spatial orientation, use of cavity walls make the designs responsive to the climate.  He derives lessons from different sources suchthe layering of wall patterns in tombs and trellises.