SHS.312.Lec-01 health and wellness slides

Health and wellness dpt

3. COURSE CODE 312

DR. RAhat ayub

REFERENCE TEXT:
A Physical Therapist‘s Guide to
Health, Fitness, and Wellness,
By
CatherineR Thompson, PhD,MS,PT.

4. Health
Is level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being.
General condition of a person's mind and body, usually
meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain

5. Cont…
•Word health is derived from old English term
HAL meaning sound or whole.


•Webster dictionary defines as “the state of
being healthy happy and prosperous”

6. Cont…
•The World Health Organization (WHO) defined
health in 1946 as

•“A state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity.“

7. Classification Systems
Classification systems such as WHO includes
•International Classification of Functioning,
Disability and Health (ICF)
•International Classification of Diseases (ICD),
are commonly used to define and measure the
components of health.

8. Aims of Health Care Providers
•Systematic activities to
prevent or cure health
problems and
•To promote good health in
humans are undertaken
by health care providers.

9. Models of Health and Illness
•Theoretical way of
understanding a
concept or idea

10. Models
•Health Belief Model
–Three components

•Individual’s perception of susceptibility to illness

•Individual’s perception of seriousness of illness

•Likelihood that person will take preventive action

11. Health Promotion Model
•Defines health as a positive, dynamic state.
•Describes multidimensional nature of persons
as they interact within their environment.
•Desired behavioral outcome is end point.

•Result: improved health, enhanced functional
ability, better quality of life

12. BASIC HUMAN NEEDS MODEL
Provides a basis for nursing clients of all ages
in all health settings…
..certain human needs more basic than
others; some needs must be met before other
needs

ALWAYS: emergent physiological need takes
precedence over a higher-level need.

13. HOLISTIC HEALTH MODELS
Considers emotional and spiritual
well-being, as well as other dimensions
of individual, as important aspects of
physical wellness.

•Involves clients in their healing process

14. Determinants of Health
key factors (if people are healthy or unhealthy include)

•Income and social status
•Social support networks
•Education and literacy
•Employment/working conditions
•Social environments
•Physical environments
•Personal health practices and coping skills
•Healthy child development
•Biology and genetics
•Health care services
•Gender
•Culture

15. 3 Interdependent fields as key
determinants of an individual's health.
•Lifestyle
•Environmental
•Biomedical

16. Cont…
•Lifestyle:
–aggregation of personal decisions (i.e., over which
individual has control) that can be said to
contribute to, or cause, illness or death;

17. Cont…
•Environmental:
–all matters related to health external to human
body and over which the individual has little or no
control;

18. Cont…
•Biomedical:
–all aspects of health, physical and mental,
developed within human body as influenced by
genetic make-up.

19. PreventionPractice:
A Holistic Perspective for Physical Therapy

20. Health
Wellness
Dimension of Wellness
Model of Wellness
Quality of Life
Holistic Health
Risk Reduction
The Physical Therapist’s Role in Promoting Health
and Wellness

21. Cont…

The impact of prevention practice influences
not only the individual but also influences the
society.

22. Cont…
•As a member of the health care team physical
therapist play a key role in identifying risk factors
for poor health and promoting wellness through
various strategies including
• screening ,
•health education to encourage self responsibility
• awareness of risk factors and
•promoting healthy style behaviors.

23. Optimal Health
A balance of physical, mental and social health.
Life style changes promoting health can be
facilitated through a combination of effort that are
❑ Enhance self awareness and knowledge of health
habits
❑Change behavior that interfere with good health
❑Create environments that support good health
practice.

24. Poor Health
•Poor health may include physical ailments
causing acute or chronic disabilities as well as
mental issue that limit independent
functioning.

25. Wellness
Wellness often used synonymously with health

National wellness institute define as “wellness is an active
process of becoming aware of and making choice decision
toward more successful existence”.

26. Cont…
•Wellness integrates mental, social,
occupational , emotional, spiritual and
physical dimension of ones life and reflects
how one feels about life as well as ones ability
to function effectively.

27. Dimensions of Wellness
•According to system theory of wellness the
multiple dimensions of wellness are essential
sub elements of a larger system , yet these
dimensions function independently as their own
sub element.

28. Cont…
•When one dimension is disrupted other
dimension of wellness reciprocally interrelated
to that dimension are also disrupted.

29. •Corbin, Lindsey and Welk
Educators ---Exercise and
Health Promotion
• Physical, Spiritual, Social,
Psychological, Emotional,
Intellectual Wellness

30. Wellness Description
Physical +ve perception and expectation of health , include ability to effectively
meet daily demands

Spiritual Unifying force b/w body and mind. SW includes person ability to establish
values and act on a system of beliefs as to establish and carry out
meaningful and constructed life time goals.
Social Perception of having support available from family or friends in time of
need. Also include persons ability to interact with others and to establish
meaning full relation that enhance quality of life
Psychological General perception that one will experience positive out comes to event s
and circumstances in life. Positive attitude ??????optimism ??????hope is vital in
preventive medicine
Emotional Progression of secure self identity and positive sense of self regard.
Ability to coupe with daily circumstances and to deal with personal feeling
in a positive , optimistic and constructive manner.
Intellectual Perception of being internally energized by an optimal amount of
intellectually stimulating activity.
Ability person ability to learn and to use information to enhance the quality
of daily living and optimal functioning.

31. •Howard Clinebell , a Theologian offers an even
more Comprehensive Perspective of Wellness
with his Seven Dimension of Wellness.
•Spiritual , Mental , Physical, Relationship,
Work well being , Play well being, Well being
of our world.

32. Wellness Description
Spiritual Well-being Healthy religious beliefs, practice, values and institutions that energize and enrich
all aspects of our lives.
Mental Well-being Represents the profound interdependence of mind and body that manifests itself
in our mental and physical health.
Mental well being incorporates problem solving , creativity, clarity in thinking ,
service and productivity .
Physical Well-being Reflect body health. Physical well being is evidenced by the ability to experience
sensations with out pain , to effectively function with adequate energy, to be
responsible for self care and to nurtures others.
Relation ship
Well-being
Our healing and general wellness. Need for nurturing and love for giving and
receiving for empowering others and for creating inter personal bonds. On large
scale peace full coexistence with others
Work Well-being Satisfies the thirst for purpose. Or need for fulfilling a purpose in one’s vocation.
Self worth, satisfaction , and personal fulfillment are all related to the individual
ability to serve the community in a meaning full way.
Play Well-being Play provide with laughter , cheer , energy & balance.
Well-being of our
world
Individual’s prospective on living in a healthy environment and protecting natural
resources.
Justice , an earth caring life style, a desire of well being for all , adequate health
care , dependence on others in community , political participation

33. Models of Wellness


•Models of wellness offer insight for management of
illness and preventive practice.

34. Ardell’s model of wellness (1977).(Adapted from Ardell d.14 days to wellness : the easy, effective
, and fun way to optimum health. Newyork,ny: new world library 1999.)
•Self Responsibility
•Nutritional Awareness
•Environmental Sensitivity
•Stress
•Management
•Physical Fitness

35. Ardell’s model of wellness (1986).(Adapted from ardell d.14 days to wellness : the easy,
effective , and fun way to optimum health. Newyork,ny:new world library 1999.)
•Self Responsibility
•Nutritional Awareness and Physical Fitness
•Emotional Intelligence
•Meaning and Purpose
•Relation Ship
•Dynamics

36. Ardell’s model in three domains. (Adapted from Ardell d.14 days to wellness : the easy, effective ,
and fun way to optimum health. Newyork,ny:new world library 1999.)
•Physical Domain
•Exercise and Fitness
•Nutrition
•Appearance
•Adaptation / Challenge
•Life style Habits

•Mental Domain
•Emotional intelligence
•Effective Decisions
•Stress Management
•Factual Knowledge
•Mental Health

•Meaning and Purpose
•Meaning and Purpose
•Relationships
•Humor
•Play

37. Comparing Holistic Medicine
and
Conventional Medicine

38. Holistic Medicine Conventional Medicine
Philosophy Based on allopathic , osteopathic , naturopathic, energy
and ethno medicine
Based on allopathic medicine
Primary objective of
care
To promote optimal health
To prevent and treat disease
To cure or reduce pathology
Diagnosis Medical history , physical exam, lab data , holistic
health care sheet.
Medical history , physical exam, lab
data
Primary method of
care
Empowering patients to heal them selves through
health promotions and life style changes
Eliminate sign and symptoms
Primary care
treatment option
Diet, exercise , environmental measures, attitudinal
and behavioral modifications, relation ship and spiritual
counseling.
Medication and surgery

Secondary care
treatment options
Botanical (herbal) medicine, homeopathy, acupuncture
, manual medicine, bimolecular therapies, physical
therapy, medication and surgery.
Diet exercise , physical therapy and
stress management
Weaknesses Shortage of holistic physicians and training : time
intensive , requiring a commitment to healing process,
not a quick fix.
Ineffective in preventing and curing
chronic disease: expensive

Strengths Teaches patients to take responsibility for their own
health and in doing so it is cost effective in treating
both acute & chronic illness , therapeutic in preventing
and treating chronic disease and essential in creating
optimal health
Highly therapeutic in treating both
acute and life threatening illness and
injurie

39. Quality of Life
•Ability to lead a normal life to the fulfillment of
personal goals and self actualization.

•According to world health organization quality of life
is “the individual’s perception of their position in life
in context of the cultural and value systems in which
they live and in relation to their goals , expectations,
standards and concerns

40. Cont…
•Quality of life measures emphasize health profiles as
describe by one assessment called SF-36.

The SF-36 assesses eight health concepts
1.Limitation in physical activities because of health problems
2.Limitation in social activities because of physical or emotional
problems.
3.Limitation in usual role activities because of physical health
problem.

41. Cont…
4.Bodily pain

5.General mental health ( psychological distress and well being )

6.Limitation in usual role activities because of emotional
problems

7.Vitality ( energy and fatigue )

8.General health perception

42. Three types of Prevention Practice


•Primary
•Secondary
•Tertiary

43. Cont…
•Primary Prevention:

Preventing a target condition in a susceptible or
potentially susceptible population through
specific measures such as general health
promotion efforts

44. Cont…
•Secondary Prevention:

•Decreasing the duration of illness, severity of
disease, and number of squeal. [abnormalities
following or resulting from disease, injury, or
treatment] through early diagnosis and
prompt intervention.

45. Cont…
•Tertiary prevention:

•Limiting the degree of disability and
promoting rehabilitation and restoration of
function in patients with chronic or reversible
disease.

46. HOLISTIC HEALTH
•The philosophy of holistic health care is compatible with medicine
designed to restore health and wellness.

•This holistic prospective looks beyond physical functioning of
individual and recognize the importance of multiple factors
contributing to good health and optimal wellness , emphasizing the
unity of mind , spirit and body.

47. Cont…
•According to American holistic health association
,this expanded perspective of holistic care
considers the whole person

•The characteristic of holistic medicine that apply
to wellness practice incorporate recognizing the
interdependent parts of whole being , including
the physical, mental , emotional and spiritual
aspects of the individual.

48. Cont…
This recognition of multiple factors influencing health
and wellness leads to following
•Identifying and managing root causes of disease
processes.
•Empowering the individual to manage these
pathological processes.
•Providing a comprehensive perspective of the
individual in multiple social roles.

49. Risk Reduction
•Identification of population at risk for developing
physical and mental health problems help the number
of peoples whose quality of life is diminished by
preventing pathology.
•Many pathological conditions are genetic but still some
conditions are preventable.
•Knowing the population at risk for a particular disease
allows health care providers to target health promotion
education and screening program to populations at the
greatest risk for illness.

50. Cont…
•Risk factor that may predispose an individual to diminished well
being and health problems include physical risk factors:
•poor nutrition ,
•physical inactivity,
•poor physical environment and
•substance abuse: psychological, spiritual and social risk factors:
•low self-esteem
• lacking values and a direction in one’s life plan:
• environmental risk factors: persons, things or conditions that
negatively influence other dimensions.

51. Cont…
•By identifying and addressing these risk
factors, the health professional can reduce the
incidence of injury and illness

52. The Physical Therapist Role in
Promoting Health and Wellness
•Physical therapist are beginning to play major role as prevention
practitioners in health care.
•While physical therapist have traditionally been involved in the
management of physical impairment and functional limitation
associated with an individual’s medical problem’s
• Their current role encompasses identifying risk factors and developing
health promotion strategies that significantly affect health ,fitness and
wellness.

53. Cont…
•In addition physical therapist are experts in
1.examining and evaluating the motor
capability functional limitations of individual
with musculoskeletal
2.neurological ,
3.cardiopulmonary ,
4.integumentary , and other body system
impairments

54. •The physical therapist determine an individual’s
functional capabilities by examining the requisite
motor skills and behaviors needed to perform task
relevant to that individual’s role in society .

55. Cont…
•In one case a physical therapists may help an
elite athlete prepare for an Olympic event
ensuring that the training schedule for the
athlete promotes optimal performance and
prevent injuries.
•PT may evaluate an older patient requisite
abilities for resuming multiple roles on home,
In social circles and in community

56. Cont…
•Social support can contribute significantly to
individual wellbeing..this well being in turn
leads to the individual’s ability to develop a
personal sense of meaningful living.

57. Cont…
•According to the Guide To Physical Therapist Practice
physical therapist “restore, maintain , and promote
not only optimal physical function but optimal
wellness and fitness and optimal quality of life as it
relates to movement and health”.
•The practice of physical therapy encompasses the full
spectrum of health and wellness that includes
preventing disease and illness as well as optimizing
health.

58. Cont…
•Physical therapist play key role in providing
education , guidance , consultation, and direct
intervention to enable individual to maintain
physical activity of self care, mobility , leisure
skills , work and play.

59. Some Basic Concepts of Illness
•Impairment:
•Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or
anatomical structure or function

60. •Disability:
•Any restriction or lack (resulting from the
impairment) of ability to perform any activity
in a manner or within the range considered
normal for a human being.

61. Handicap:

A disadvantage for a given
individual, resulting from
an impairment or a
disability, that limits or
prevents the fulfilment of
a role that is normal for
this individual.

62. Any Questions ??????