Silver nitrate

Silver nitrate

1. MahparaGondal
Rashid LatifCollege of Pharmacy
SILVER NITRATE

2. Silver Nitrate
•Silvernitrateisaninorganiccompoundwithchemical
formulaAgNO3.Thiscompoundisaversatileprecursorto
manyothersilvercompounds,suchasthoseused
inphotography.
•Itwasoncecalledlunarcausticbecausesilverwas
calledlunabytheancientalchemists,whobelievedthatsilver
wasassociatedwiththemoon.
•Insolidsilvernitrate,thesilverionsarethree-coordinatedina
trigonalplanararrangement.

3. Physical Properties
•.
Mol. Wt. 169.87g·mol
−1
Appearance colorless solid,rhombic crystals,
having bitter, caustic metallic taste
Odor Odorless
Density 4.35 g/cm
3
(24°C)
Melting point 209.7°C (409.5°F; 482.8K)
Boiling point
Solubility
440°C (824°F; 713K)
decomposes
1gm/0.4mlin water, 30ml in alcohol at
25C , slightly soluble in ether.

4. Chemical Properties
•A typical reaction with silver nitrate is to suspend a rod
ofcopperin a solution of silver nitrate and leave it for a few
hours. The silver nitrate reacts with copper to form hair like
crystals of silver metal and a blue solution ofcopper nitrate:
2 AgNO
3+ Cu → Cu(NO
3)
2+ 2 Ag

5. Cont…
•Silver nitrate decomposes when heated:
•2 AgNO
3(l) → 2 Ag(s) +O
2(g) + 2 NO
2(g)Qualitatively,
decomposition is negligible below the melting point, but
becomes appreciable around 250°C and totally decompose at
440°C.
•Treatment of silver nitrate with base gives dark greysilver
oxide
•2 AgNO
3+ 2 NaOH→ Ag
2O + 2 NaNO
3+ H
2O

6. Synthesis
•Silver nitrate can be prepared by reacting silver, such as a
silver bullion or silver foil, withnitric acid, resulting in silver
nitrate, water, and oxides of nitrogen. Reaction by products
depend upon the concentration ofnitric acidused.
•3 Ag + 4 HNO
3(cold and diluted) → 3 AgNO
3+ 2 H
2O +NO
•Ag + 2 HNO
3(hot and concentrated) → AgNO
3+ H
2O +NO
2
•This is performed under a fume hood because of toxic
nitrogen oxide(s) evolved during the reaction.

7. Cont…
•Silver nitrate can be prepare with nitric acid. About 3 parts of
metallic silver are mixed with 10 parts of 25% nitric acid.
•The mixture is gently warmed , as the silver is dissolve, the
solution is filtered and evaporated to dryness.
3AG + 4HNO3 3AgNO3 + 2H2O + NO

8. Applications
•Silver nitrate in the liquid form is diluted
with water, This solution is used as a mild
antiseptic in medical settings. Basically
silver ion can precipitate proteins so this
gives germicidal activity.
•A 1 to 2 percent solution is effective
against gonococcalbacteria, which cause
gonorrhea. Starting in 1881, doctors
administered this silver nitrate solution
directly into the eyes of newborn babies
born to gonorrhea-infected mothers to
prevent the babies from developing
blindness due to the infection.

9. Cont…
•Usedinstickform,silvernitrateisusedforthetreatmentand
removalofwarts.Itisalsousedforcauterizingwoundsand
lesionstostopbleedingandpreventinfection.Thestickis
ideallymoistenedwithdistilledwaterandplacedagainstthe
wound,wartorlesionforaperiodofonetotwominutes,
oncedaily.

10. Cont…
•Beyond its many medical uses, silver nitrate is used in
laboratories to test for the presence of substances such as
chlorine, hydroxide and iodide ions.
•In manufacturing, it is used in hair dyes and permanent fabric
markers.
•It is also use in making inks.

11. Forms of Medication
•Topical Solutions ( 0.5 -50%)
•Topical compounding powder
•Topical ointment
•Ophthalmic solutions