Silviculture and its verse applications

It's helps student to know about Silviculture and verse applications

1. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY LAKHIMPUR GIRLS’ COLLEGE

2. Presented by- PINKI NARAH (21BS106) DEEPALI MILI (21BS107) PINKI PAGAG (21BS109) KALPANA CHAWLA DOLEY (21BS113) SUNIYA NARAH (21BS123) Growing Green The Art of Silviculture in Action

3. CONTENT: 1.0 What is Silviculture? 2.0 Importance of Silviculture 3.0 Silvicultural System 3.1 Even-aged Systems 3.2 Two-aged Systems 3.3 Uneven-aged Systems 4.0 Application of Silviculture 5.0 Conclusion

4. What is Silviculture?

5. The Importance of Silviculture:

6. Silvicultural Systems: A silvicultural system is a systematic plan for the care, harvesting, and reestablishment of a forest stand. It involves a mix of regeneration techniques and stand tending, applied throughout the stand’s lifespan, to achieve management goals. The system must be biologically viable, socially accepted, and economically feasible. It should consider various factors like tribal objectives, forest health, site and stand characteristics, and desired resources. The approach to silviculture should align with specific goals, ensure timely regeneration of desired species, efficiently use growing space, manage forest diseases, protect soil and water resources, and balance ecological and economic concerns to ensure a sustainable ecosystem.

7. A. Even-aged (EA) Systems Silvicultural systems are designed to regenerate a forest stand with uniform sizes in a single primary age class. The Even-aged (EA) Systems include: Clearcutting (CC) : All trees in the previous stand are removed in a single cutting, allowing a new age class of seedlings to develop in a fully exposed environment. Pre-harvest After Clearcut After Generation Fig: Clearcutting regeneration Method

8. Seed-tree method (ST) : A new age class develops from seeds that germinate in a fully exposed environment after removal of the entire stand, except for a few widely dispersed trees retained for seed production. Pre-Harvest Seed Tree Cut After Regeneration Fig: Seed-Tree method of regeneration

9. Shelterwood (SW) : A new age class of seedlings develops in a moderated environment beneath the residual trees. The process includes a preparatory cut, an establishment cut, and a final removal cut. Pre-harvest Preparatory cut Shelterwood seed cut Regeneration occurs Final Removal Cut (Optional) Fig: Shelterwood method for regeneration

10. Coppice : The stand is regenerated from stump sprouts or root suckers after all trees in the previous stand are cut, knocked over, or injured at the root. These methods aim to use growing space efficiently, manage forest diseases, protect soil and water resources, and balance ecological and economic concerns for a sustainable ecosystem.

11. B. Two-aged Systems: Two-aged systems are a recent addition to silvicultural terminology. They maintain and regenerate a stand with two age classes, borrowing from both even and uneven-aged silviculture. The stand may be two-aged or tend towards an uneven-aged condition due to extended regeneration establishment and retention of reserve trees. Even-aged systems include clearcutting, shelterwood, seed-tree, or coppice cutting methods. Uneven-aged systems include single-tree or group selection cutting methods. Two-aged systems include clearcut/shelterwood/seed tree/coppice with reserves and leave-tree cutting methods.

12. C . Uneven-aged Systems: Uneven-aged methods aim to perpetually regenerate a forest stand and maintain trees of three or more distinct age classes. This is achieved by removing trees in all size classes, either individually or in small groups, while maintaining an uneven-aged structure. The methods include single-tree selection, group selection, and group selection with reserves. Fig: The uneven-aged regeneration method

13. Applications of Silviculture:

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