Single Shot Vaccines (Drug Delivery System)

Information about single shot vaccines, it's advantages & disadvantages

1. Ashokrao Mane College of Pharmacy, Peth Vadgaon Title of Seminar: Single Shot Vaccine Subject: Drug Delivery System (DDS) Academic Year: 2023-2024 Presented by: Mr. Pratik P. Kudale M. Pharm First Year Department of Pharmaceutics Guided by: Dr. Sachin S. Mali Professor and Head, Department of Pharmaceutics 13/12/2023

2. CONTENTS Introduction Concept Formulation and Manufacturing of single shot vaccines Factors affecting antigen release Adverse effects Advantages Disadvantages and risk

3. INTRODUCTION Single shot vaccines are given for preventing 4 to 6 diseases with only one injection. To provide effective patient protection, many traditional vaccines requires multiple injections, which results in a costly and inconvenient regimen. These disadvantages have spurred the development of single-shot vaccines that can provide protection against infection with only one injection.

4. CONCEPT The single-shot vaccine is a combination product of a prime component antigen with an appropriate adjuvant and a microsphere component. In order to increase the therapeutic efficiency of such vaccines, adjuvants are used. Microsphere component that encapsulates antigen and provides the booster immunizations by delayed release of the antigen.

5. The microsphere component uses OctoVAX microsphere technology, which is based on cross-linked modified dextran polymers. Dextrans are ideal polymers to form biocompatible hydrogels, Two major advantages of dextran microspheres as protein delivery systems, that the particles are prepared in the absence of organic solvents, and that degradation of the microspheres does not result in a pH drop. Several different dextrans have been developed for hydrogel formation. One of these dextran-based polymers is derivatized with hydroxy -ethyl methacrylate ( Dex -HEMA).

6. FORMULATION AND MANUFACTURING OF SINGLE SHOT VACCINE VACCINE ADJUVANTS :- Adjuvants are the substances added to vaccines to help them work better. Adding an adjuvant triggers the immune system to become more sensitive to the vaccine. NEED FOR ADJUVANTS :- To increase the therapeutic efficiency. They form depot of antigen at the site of inoculation with slow release of antigens. It can improves the performance of vaccines by targeting the antigen to APC.

7. TYPES OF ADJUVANTS Gel types Examples :- aluminum hydroxide, calcium phosphate. Oil emulsion and emulsifier Particulate based type Examples :- liposomes, biodegradable microspheres.

8. BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS Biodegradable polymers are defined as polymers comprised of monomers linked to one another through functional groups and have unstable links in the backbone. Broken down into biologically acceptable molecules that are metabolized and removed from the body via normal metabolic pathways.

9. TYPES OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS There are two types of biodegradable polymers. They are:- 1) Natural biodegradable polymers :- Eg : Albumin, Collagen, Gelatin etc. 2) Synthetic biodegradable polymers :- Eg : Aliphatic poly(esters), Pseudo poly aminoacid , etc.,

10. BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS AS ADJUVANTS Biodegradable polymers such as poly( lactide -co-glycolic acids) is most commonly used for vaccine delivery. This polymer is mainly required for controlled release of the drug from polymer matrix. They target appropriate cell types to generate optimum response. These polymers develop formulation that can be used as non-invasive.

11. FACTORS AFFECTING ANTIGEN RELEASE Polymer nature Crystallinity Method of preparation Molecular weight of drug Carrier size and morphology

12. ADVERSE EFFECTS Fever Pain around injection site Muscle aches

13. ADVANTAGES Economic With one Injection 4 to 6 Infections can be prevented. Patient compliance is Improved.

14. DISADVANTAGES & RISK The primary risk associated with vaccines, especially vaccines that utilize live organisms, is that the vaccine itself causes illness. The vaccine may behave as a super antigen and over stimulate the immune system. Some individual may have an allergic reaction to the vaccines.