Sir edwin lutyens

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1. SIR EDWIN LUTYENS PRESENTED BY: CHANDRIKA RAJARAM

2. INTRODUCTION Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens was a British Architect who adapted Traditional architectural styles during his era. He has been referred to as “the greatest British Architect” of his time. He has a key role in designing and building the Central Part of Delhi which was maned as Lutyens’ Delhi after his name. He also designed The India Gate and Rashtrapati Bhawan and many other buildings in India, London and Ireland.

3. EARLY LIFE AND PRACTICE He was born in London and grew up in Thursley, the son of Charles Henry Augustus Lutyens and Mary Theresa Gallwey. Studied at South Kensington School of Art, London from 1885 to 1887. Then joined Ernest George and Harold Peto architectural practice. There he met Sir Herbert Baker He began his own practice in 1888, with his first project as a private house at Crooksbury, Farnham, Surrey. He met the garden designer and horticulturist Gertrude Jekyll. With this, began their professional partnership that led to the designing of many Lutyens Country Houses. The “Lutyens-Jekyll” garden overflowed with hard shrubbery and herbaceous planting with an architecture of stairs and balustraded traces

4. DESIGN PRINCIPLES Lutyens’ controlling sense of proportion and organizational principles eventually led him to explore the harmony , strength and repose of classical design . He began to incorporate a strong sense of balance , symmetry , and order in his designs. Lutyens viewed the manipulation and organization of the classical vocabulary as a great intellectual game to be played by the architect to create unique, individual designs

5. WORKS Initially, his designs were all Arts and Crafts style in France, but during the early 1900s his work became more classical in style. He built many war memorials, Hampstead Garden Suburb in London, new Roman Catholic Cathedral. He also designed the Rashtrapati Bhawan, The India Gate, Baroda House, Bikaner House, Hyderabad House, Patiala House, Jaipur House, Janpath and Rajpath

6. NEW DELHI The planning of Delhi City was done with all the streets at right angles, much like New York City. The column order that he invented was Delhi Order. Incorporated Traditional Architecture.

7. INDIA GATE BARODA HOUSE

8. JANPATH PARLIAMENT HOUSE

9. RASHTRAPATI BHAWAN Rashtrapati Bhawan, formerly known as the Viceroy’s House, is the residence for the President of India. It lies to the western end of Rajpath. It also has the famous Mughal Gardens DESIGN AND LAYOUT It consists of four floors and 340 rooms with a floor area of 19,000m 2 , using 700 million bricks and 85,000 m 3 of stone with little steel. It has Buddhist railings, chhajjas, chhatris, jalis , Indian temple bells in its pillars. The dome reminds of the Pantheon of Rome

10. The layout of the building is designed around a massive square with many courtyards and open inner areas. There are separate wings for the Viceroy and another wing for guests. The Viceroy’s wing is a separate four story house in itself, with its own court areas within. At the center of the main part of the structure, underneath the dome is the Durbar Hall. The Durbar Hall is also known as “Throne Hall”. The columns in the Durbar Hall are made are made in Delhi order which combines vertical lines with the motif of a bell. The vertical lines from the column are also used in the frieze around the room. Situated on Raisina Hill, the elevation is so much that the top of the India Gate lies at the same level.

11. It is a copper dome, surmounting a drum, which stands out of the rest of the building. The dome is more than twice the height of the building itself. It is supported by evenly spaced columns which form a porch with an open area. MUGHAL GARDENS The Mughal gardens are situated at the back of Rashtrapati Bhawan, incorporated with both Mughal and British Landscaping techniques and feature a great variety of flowers. Two channels running North to South and East to West divide the garden into square grids. There are six lotus fountains at the crossings of these channels rising up to a height of 3.7m. There are two longitudinal strips of garden, at a higher level of each side of the main garden. Roses are the key flowers here.

12. DOMES

13. MUGHAL GARDENS

14. APPRECIATION Lutyens received the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal in 1925. The architectural critic Ian Nairn wrote of Lutyens Surrey "masterpieces" in the 1971 Surrey volume of the Buildings of England series, while noting that; "the genius and the charlatan were very close together in Lutyens".