sistemadealimentac777766666666666666666666666666666onanimal.pptx

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1. SISTEMA DE ALIMENTACIÓN Temario de Nutrición y Alimentación

2. DEFINICION: Comprende la utilización de diferentes tipos de alimentación proporcionando a los animales cantidades de nutrientes adecuadas para un estado óptimo de productividad. Según : aportes nutricionales en función de los necesidades nutricionales (requerimiento).

3. Dieta única Suplemento Fracción de la dieta Ofrecido CLASIFICACION Hábitos de la especie animal y sistema de producción

4. CLASIFICACION Convencionales no convencionales MAIZ, SORGO,SEBADA, TRIGO, AVENA, SOYA Follaje gramíneas y leguminosas Subproductos del arroz Residuos de la industria cervecera y alcoholera Residuos de cosecha Ipomea batata Residuos de matadero Animales muertos Harina de cítricos (deshidratada) Cáscara de café

5. NO CONVENCIONALES Es todo alimento que no se importa, se cosecha y produce en el país, que posee una buena disponibilidad, utilizado generalmente en pequeña y mediana producción como sustitutos de cereales y fuentes proteicas que compiten con la alimentación humana. Casi siempre conduce a la preservación ambiental. Pueden presentarse en forma líquida, semi-líquida y sólida.

6. Incremento de los precios en el marcado internacional. Trigo 130% Maíz 38% Arroz 70% De los 15 productores de etanol 9 utilizan maíz y granos para la producción de combustible automotor. Urea 47.2% Glyphosato 82.8% Fluctuaciones del precio del azúcar de caña < 0.10 – >0.12/lb

7. Características alimento no convencional Menor concentración energética Contenido MS menor que los cereales Nivel de fibra alto Carecen de grasa Poseen contenidos variables de minerales y vit . Poseen sustancias antinutricionales Nivel de proteína de 1-5% ( no siempre) La energía puede estar constituida por azúcar Limite de inclusión

8. Limitaciones Uso Eficiente Falta de información sobre su aporte nutricional Pobre desarrollo tecnológico para su obtención Bajo aprovechamiento de su potencial nutritivo Características indeseables no bien evaluadas Caracterización de los productos Elaborar tablas de composición Elaborar fórmulas y tablas de sustitución Desarrollar y adaptación de tecnologías de procesamiento Estudios sobre enriquecimiento nutricional de productos y subproductos por vía biotecnólogica

9. EJEMPLO DEL USO DE CAÑA DE AZUCAR LIMITANTES NUTRICIONALES Carbohidratos solubles y estructurales en estrecha relación e inhibición parcial de la celulolisis ruminal. Insuficiente contenido proteico para la nutrición microbiana y del animal Déficit y desbalance mineral Pobre contenido de grasa (0.7 %) Ausencia virtual de almidón LIMITANTES FISIOLOGICAS Elevada proporción de pared celular y mayor trabajo de rumia. Lenta reducción del tamaño de las partículas. Elevado tiempo de permanencia de las partículas en el retículo - rumen.

10. Concentración energética Nivel de proteína Deficiencia de aminoácidos Antilicóticos Peletización Temperatura Humedad Tipo de piso Número de animales/corral Luz Raza Sexo Manejo Enfermedades Dieta Factores Ambientales Otros factores Factores El consumo voluntario se define (Forbes, 1986) como la cantidad de alimento consumido por un animal o grupo de animales durante un período de tiempo que tiene libre acceso al mismo.

11. APLICABILIDAD EN UNIDADES DE PRODUCCION

12. Nombre  Nombre  MS PC FC EE ELN C .. Ca .. .. P .. Científico Común Acacia flexuosa Ubeda 49,3 15,4 23,7 4,9 50,1 5,9 2,8 0,2 Altemanthera halinifolia Tarero 21,9 22,4 12,1 1,7 49,1 14,7 - - Caesalpina coriaría Dividive 51,9 17 16,6 3,9 58,3 4,3 0,8 0,2 Lipia alba Orégano 90,1 11,2 10,9 1,9 70,2 5,8 0,9 0,2 Malpighia glabra Semeruco 36,1 21,5 22,6 4,4 40,3 11,2 0,3 0,3 CONOCER LOS APORTES Requerimiento MS kg EM, MJ PB, kg FB, kg Mantenimiento -- 49,64 0,393 -- 3er lactancia -- 4,96 0,039 -- Pasto malo -- 9,92 -- -- Producción -- 74,73 1,275 -- Total 14,22 139,25 2,253 2,844 CONOCER LOS REQUERIMIENTOS Bovino de 450 kg 15L/L/D PARA ELLO SE DEBE TENER LO SIGUENTE:

13. GRACIAS