Skin: Structure and function of the skin

Structure and function of skin

1. Bajiraoji Karanjekar College of Pharmacy, Sakoli , Dist Bhandara M.S. 441802 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF SKIN Heena A. Rahangdale, Karina N. Koreti Subject: Cosmetic science, B. Pharm Final Year Guide Name: Chandrashekhar M. Chakole Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University

2. CONTENT: Introduction to the skin Structure of skin Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis Functions of the skin Reference

3. . INTRODUCTION OF SKIN: The biggest organ of human body is skin, comprising of numerous layers of tissue that cover and ensure the body's basic structures. It serves as a defensive obstruction against physical harm, pathogens, and hurtful UV radiation, whereas too directing temperature, sensation, and squander disposal. The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis are composed in skin, each with unmistakable structures and capacities.

4. STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN: The structure of skin is composed of three layers: the dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. The outermost layer is the epidermis, which acts as a defensive obstruction. Underneath the epidermis is the dermis, which contains hair follicles, blood vessels and sweat organs. The most profound layer is the hypodermis, which provides insulation and fat storage.

5. Fig 1: Layers of skin

6. EPIDERMIS: The highest multi-layer of the skin is epidermis, composed of stratified keratinised squamous epithelium. It contains four rule sorts of cells, such as melanocytes, Langerhans cells and Merkel cells, keratinocytes (90%) . The epidermis is separated into five sub-layers specifically: Stratum lucidum Stratum Corneum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum (thorny cell layer) Stratum germinativum ( dermo epidermal intersection)

7. DERMIS: The layer between epidermis & hypodermis is called dermis. Contains a organize of sweat organs, blood vessels, sebaceous organs & hair follicles Dermis gives flexibility & structure to the skin with dermal thickness of approximately 2 mm thick. Components of dermis work as arrange composed of collagen, elastin, lymph, blood vessels, pole cells & fibro blasts. The foremost common auxiliary component inside the dermis is the protein collagen which gives the quality & adaptability of the skin. Blood vessels offer assistance in thermoregulation of the body by choking or enlarging to preserve. or discharge warm. They too help in safe work & give oxygen & supplements to the lower layers of the epidermis.

8. HYPODERMIS (Subcutis): ➤ It is basically composed of fat tissue. ➤ It protecting the body, ➤ It serves as a save vitality supply ➤ It secures the skin ➤ It permits for its portability over the basic structures. ➤ It incorporates a restorative impact in molding body forms

9. FUNCTIONS OF SKIN: Assurance : The skin acts as a physical obstruction, ensuring the body from hurtful substances, pathogens, and UV radiation. Sensation: The skin contains tangible receptors that distinguish touch, weight, temperature, and torment, permitting us to associated with our environment. Direction : The skin makes a difference direct body temperature through the generation of sweat and widening or narrowing of blood vessels. Excretion: Sweat organs within the skin offer assistance dispose of squander items from the body. Insusceptibility: The skin plays a part within the body's resistant reaction by lodging resistant cells that offer assistance protect against disease. Vitamin D union : The vitamin D is produce by skin when uncovered to daylight, which is basic for bone wellbeing and other substantial capacities.

10. REFERENCE: Kamla Pathak, Ankur Vaidya, Cosmetic Science Textbook , Nirali publication 2018 Edition, pg.no.4.1-4.5. Satya sing, Nigam Vijay , Cosmetic Science Textbook, Thakur Publication, Edition 2021, pg , no. 32-35 . Kailash Biyani, Aijaz Sheikh, A Textbook of Cosmetic Science , pee vee publications Montagna , W. (2002) The structure and function of skin, pg. no.19-58.

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