SKIN ULCERS, CAUSES, COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT.pptx

How to define skin ulcers, knowing its causes and complications, then how to manage it

1. SKIN ULCERS GOUP 3

2. OUTLINE Definition Classification Clinical features Investigations Treatment Complications Treatment of complications Prevention

3. DEFINITION OF SKIN ULCERS They are open sores or lesions that form on the skin and mucous membrane due to the breakdown of tissue Often resulting from inadequate blood flow, pressure, infections or underlying medical conditions e.g. diabetes, deep vein thrombosis etc

4. CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN ULCERS It is based on: Clinical Duration Pathological Wagner’s Grading

5. CLINICAL FEATURES OF SKIN ULCERS localized pain and tenderness Redness and inflammation Swelling Discharge or exudates Odor especially if infected Changes in skin color and temperature

6. INVESTIGATIONS OF SKIN ULCERS FBC Blood culture Biopsy Swab test Blood sugar test

7. TREATMENT OF SKIN ULCERS It depends on the underlying cause include: Wound care Medications e.g. antibiotics, analgesics Surgical interventions

8. COMPLICATIONS AND TREATMENT OF SKIN ULCERS Infections (cellulitis, osteomyelitis) which are treated with antibiotics e.g. penicillin ( xpen ) Sepsis, treated with ceftriaxone, meropenem etc. .Chronic pain, long time therapy with analgesics. Scarring and disfigurement, it is self limiting. Impaired mobility or function, rehabilitation support is used as part of management. Gangrene in severe cases, surgical intervention.

9. PREVENTION OF SKIN ULCER Regular positioning of people at risk of pressure (at least 2hrs) Proper skin care Managing underlying conditions e.g. diabetes Encouraging mobility and physical activity Hydration and nutrition

10. Reference Malayala , S. V., Papudesi , B. N., Bobb, R., & Wimbush, A. (2022). Xylazine-induced skin ulcers in a person who injects drugs in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.  Cureus ,  14 (8). Zhu, D. Q., Dong, W. J., Long, X. Z., Yang, X. M., Han, X. Y., Kou, Y. H., & Tong, Q. (2024). Skin ulcers and microbiota in Rana dybowskii : Uncovering the role of the gut-skin axis in amphibian health.  Aquaculture ,  585 , 740724. Di Bella, S., Luzzati, R., Mearelli, F., Papa, G., Spazzapan, L., Nunnari, A., ... & Principe, L. (2024). Anti-infective management of infected skin ulcers.  Le Infezioni in Medicina ,  32 (2), 138. Battaglia, M., & Garrett-Sinha, L. A. (2023). Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus aureus as commensals and pathogens on murine skin.  Laboratory Animal Research ,  39 (1), 18. Liang, J., Zou, G., Gu, C., Tao, S., Guo, L., Tang, C., ... & Chen, Y. (2023). Study on skin infection model of Staphylococcus aureus based on analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method.  Heliyon ,  9 (6).