Slide-ACC205-ACC205-slide-05 akuntansi (2).ppt

Slide-ACC205-ACC205-slide-05 akuntansi

1. 5-1

2. 5-2
C H A P T E R 5
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
AND STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Intermediate Accounting
IFRS Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield

3. 5-3
1.Explain the uses and limitations of a statement of financial position.
2.Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
3.Prepare a classified statement of financial position using the report
and account formats.
4.Indicate the purpose of the statement of cash flows.
5.Identify the content of the statement of cash flows.
6.Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.
7.Understand the usefulness of the statement of cash flows.
8.Determine additional information requiring note disclosure.
9.Describe the major disclosure techniques for financial statements.
Learning Objectives

4. 5-4
Statement of
Financial Position
Additional
Information
Usefulness
Limitations
Classification
Notes
Techniques of
disclosure
Other guidelines
Statement of Financial Position
and Statement of Cash Flows
Statement of Cash
Flows
Purpose
Content and
format
Preparation
Usefulness

5. 5-5
Statement of Financial Position
Statement of Financial Position, also referred to as the
balance sheet:
1.Reports assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific date.
2.Provides information about resources, obligations to
creditors, and equity in net resources.
3.Helps in predicting amounts (jumlah), timing (waktu),
and uncertainty (ketidakpastian) of future cash flows.

6. 5-6
Analyze company’s:
Liquidityjumlahwaktuyang diperkirakanakandibutuhkansampaisuatuaktiva
terealisasiatausebaliknyadikonversimenjadikas
Rasioinimengindikasikanapakahperusahaanmemilikisumberdayauntukmelunasi
kewajibanlancarnyadanyang akanjatuhtempo.
Solvency kemampuanperusahaanuntukmembayarhutang-hutangnyapada
saatjatuhtempo
Perusahaan denganhutangjangkapanjangyang tinggiterhadapaktiva, makasolvensi
Financial flexibility kemampuanperusahaanuntukmengubahkomposisiarus
kassehinggadapatbereaksiterhadapkebutuhandanpeluangtakterduga
Perusahaan yang memilikibanyakhutangtidakakanfleksibelsecarakeuangan.
Semakintinggifleksibilitaskeuangan, semakinkecilrisikokegagalanperusahaan
Usefulness
Statement of Financial Position

7. 5-7
Most assets and liabilities are reported at historical cost.
Use of judgments and estimates.
estimasijumlahpiutangyang akanditagih
masa manfaatgudang
Many items of financial value are omitted : nilaikeuangan
bagiperusahaantetapitidakbisadicatatsecaraobjektif:
reputasi, nilaikaryawan
Limitations
Statement of Financial Position

8. 5-8
Classification
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Statement of Financial Position

9. 5-9
Subclassifications
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Statement of Financial Position
Illustration 5-1
In some countries, such as Germany, companies often list current assets first.
IAS No. 1 requires companies to distinguish current assets and liabilities from
non-current ones, except in limited situations.

10. 5-10
Generally consists of:
Long-term Investments (Investasi jangka panjang)
Property, Plant, and Equipment (properti atau kekayaan
fisik seperti tanah, bangunan, mesin, perabotan, dan
perkakas).
Intangibles Assets (Aktiva tidak berwujud) : tidak memiliki
substansi fisik dan bukan merupakan instrumen keuangan :
paten, hak cipta, goodwill, merek dagang, daftar pelanggan.
Other Assets : beban di bayar dimuka jangka panjang
Classification
Non-Current Assets (Aktiva Tidak Lancar)

11. 5-11
Long-term Investments
1.Securities(bonds, ordinary shares, or long-term notes).
2.Tangible assetsnot currently used in operations (tanah
yang ditahan untuk spekulasi).
3.Special funds(sinking fund, pension fund, or plant
expansion fund.
4.Non-consolidated subsidiariesor associated companies.
Non-Current Assets
Classification

12. 5-12
Tangible long-lived assets used in the regular operations
of the business.
Physical propertysuch as land, buildings, machinery,
furniture, tools, and wasting resources (minerals).
With the exception of land, a company either depreciates
(e.g., buildings) or depletes (e.g., oil reserves) these
assets.
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Classification

13. 5-13 LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Classification
Illustration 5-3
Statement of Financial Position
Presentation of Property, Plant,
and Equipment

14. 5-14
Tidak memiliki substansi fisik dan bukan merupakan
instrumen keuangan
Patents, copyrights (hak cipta), franchises, goodwill,
trademarks (merk), trade names (nama dagang), and
customer lists.
Diamortisasi selama masa manfaatnya
Perusahaan secara periodik menilai umur aktiva tak
berwujud (seperti goodwill) berdasarkan penurunan nilai
(impairment) yang terjadi.
Intangible Assets
Classification

15. 5-15
Intangible Assets
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Classification
Illustration 5-4
Statement of Financial
Position Presentation of
Intangible Assets

16. 5-16
Kasdanaktivalainnyayangdiharapkanakandapatdikonversi
menjadikas,dijual,ataudikonsumsidalamsatutahunataudalam
satusiklusoperasi,tergantungmanayangpalinglama.
Current Assets
Classification
Illustration 5-5
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.

17. 5-17
Inventories
Disclose:
Basis of valuation (e.g., lower-of-cost-or-market).
Cost flow assumption (e.g., FIFO or average cost).
LO 2
Classification
Illustration 5-6

18. 5-18
Inventories
LO 2
Classification
Manufacturing Company
Illustration 5-8
Statement of Financial Position
Presentation of Inventories

19. 5-19
Claims held against customers and others for
money,
goods, or
services.
Major categories of receivables should be shown in the
statement of financial position or the related notes.
Receivables
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Classification

20. 5-20
Receivables
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Classification
Illustration 5-8
Statement of Financial Position
Presentation of Receivables

21. 5-21
Payment of cash, that is recorded as an asset because
service or benefit will be received in the future.
insurance
supplies
advertising
Cash Payment Expense RecordedBEFORE
rent
maintenance on equipment
Prepayments often occur in regard to:
Prepaid Expenses
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Classification

22. 5-22
Prepaid Expenses
LO 2
Classification
Illustration 5-9
Statement of Financial Position
Presentation of Prepaid Expenses

23. 5-23
Short-Term Investments
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Classification
Illustration 5-10
Statement of Financial Position
Presentation of Short-Term Investments

24. 5-24
Generally any monies available “on demand.”
Cash equivalents–investasi jangka pendek yang sangat
likuid dan akan jatuh tempo dalam jangka waktu tiga
bulan atau kurang.
Restrictions or commitments must be disclosed.
Cash
Illustration 5-11
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Classification

25. 5-25
Cash
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Classification
Illustration 5-12
Statement of Financial
Position—Restricted Cash

26. 5-26
Equity
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Classification

27. 5-27
Equity
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Classification
Ordinary shares and preference shares-must disclose
the par value and the authorized, issued, and outstanding
amounts.
Share premium-company usually presents one amount
for ordinary and preference shares.
Retained earnings-amount may be divided between the
unappropriated and restricted amounts.
Treasury shares-shown as a reduction of equity.

28. 5-28
Equity
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Classification
Illustration 5-13
Statement of Financial
Position—Equity

29. 5-29
Non-Current Liabilities
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Classification
Kewajiban yang diperkirakan tidak dapat dilunasi
(dilikuidasi) dalam siklus operasi yang normal.
1.Kewajiban dari situasi pembiayaan khusus : penerbitan
obligasi, kewajiban lease jangka panjang.
2.Kewajiban yang berasal dari operasi normal perusahaan :
kewajiban pensiun
3.Kewajiban yang tergantung pada terjadi atau tidak
terjadinya satu kejadian atau lebih di masa depan untuk
mengkonfirmasi jumlah yang harus di bayar

30. 5-30
Non-Current Liabilities
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Classification
Illustration 5-15
Statement of Financial
Position Presentation of
Non-Current Liabilities

31. 5-31
Current Liabilities
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Classification
Obligations that a company generally expects to settle in its
normal operating cycle or one year, whichever is longer.
This concept includes:
1.Payables resulting from the acquisition of goods and
services: accounts payable, wages payable, and so on.
2.Collections received in advance for the delivery of goods or
performance of services, such as unearned rent revenue.
3.Other liabilities whose liquidation will take place within the
operating cycle or one year.

32. 5-32
Current Liabilities
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Classification
Illustration 5-16
Statement of Financial
Position Presentation of
Current Liabilities

33. 5-33
Statement of Financial Position Format
IFRS does not specify the order or format in which
a company presents items in the statement of
financial position.
Account form or report form.
LO 3 Prepare a classified statement of financial
position using the report and account formats.
Classification

34. 5-34
Classification
Account Form Illustration 5-17
LO 3 Prepare a classified statement of financial
position using the report and account formats.

35. 5-35
Classification
LO 3
Report Form
Illustration 5-17

36. 5-36
The Statement of Cash Flows
One of the three basic objectivesof financial
reporting is
“assessing the amounts, timing, and
uncertainty of cash flows.”
IASBrequires the statement of cash flows
(also called the cash flow statement).

37. 5-37
Primary Purpose: menyediakan informasi yang relevan
mengenai penerimaan dan pembayaran kas sebuah
perusahaan selama suatu periode.
The statement provides answers to the following
questions:
1.Where did the cash come from?
2.What was the cash used for?
3.What was the change in the cash balance
(perubahan saldo kas) ?
Purpose of the Statement of Cash Flows
LO 4 Indicate the purpose of the statement of cash flows.

38. 5-38
Operating
Cash inflows and
outflows from
operations.
Investing
Cash inflows and
outflows from
non-current
assets.
Financing
Cash inflows and
outflows from
non-current
liabilities and
equity.
Content and Format
Pengaruh kas dari
transaksi yang
digunakan untuk
menentukan net
income
Perolehan dan
pelepasan
investasi
a.Perolehan sumber
daya dari pemilik
b.Pengembalian
investasi
c.Peminjaman uang
dari kreditor dan
pelunasan

39. 5-39
Illustration 5-19
Content and Format

40. 5-40
Informasiuntukmembuatlaporanaruskasbiasanya
berasaldari:
(1)Neracakomparatif,
(2)Laporanlabarugi(income statement), and
(3)data-data transaksiterpilih.
Pembuatan Laporan Arus Kas
Preparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.

41. 5-41
Preparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
Statement of Cash Flows:Telemarketing Inc. dalam
tahun pertama operasinya pada tanggal 1 Januari 2011
menerbitkan 50,000 lembar saham biasa dengan nilai pari
$1 seharga $50,000 tunai. Perusahaan menyewakan ruang
kantor, perabotan, dan peralatan telekomunikasi serta
melaksanakan survey dan jasa pemasaran sepanjang tahun
pertama. Pada bulan Juni 2011, perusahaan membeli tanah
seharga $15,000. Neraca komparatif pada awal dan akhir
tahun 2011 ditunjukkan dalam ilustrasi 5-20. Laporan laba
rugi Telemarketing, Inc. dan informasi tambahannya disajikan
pada ilustrasi 5.21

42. 5-42
Preparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
LO 6
Illustration 5-21
Illustration 5-20

43. 5-43
Preparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
Preparing the Statement of Cash Flows
Tentukan:
1.Kas yang disediakan oleh aktivitas atau digunakan
dalam operasi.
2.Kas yang disediakan oleh atau digunakan dalam
aktivitas investasi dan pembiayaan
3.Penentuan perubahan (kenaikan atau penurunan)
kas selama periode berjalan.
4.Rekonsiliasi perubahan kas dengan saldo kas awal
dan saldo kas akhir.
LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.

44. 5-44
Preparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
Cash provided by operating activities
Illustration 5-22
Illustration 5-20 Illustration 5-21
LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.

45. 5-45
The Statement
of Cash Flows
Illustration 5-29
Next, the company
determines its investing
and financing activities.
Illustration 5-20 Illustration 5-21

46. 5-46
Preparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
Statement of Cash Flows (BE 5-12):Keyser Beverage
Company reported the following items in the most recent year.
Activity
Operating
Financing
Operating
Operating
Investing
Operating
Financing
Required: Prepare a Statement of Cash Flows
Net income $40,000
Dividends paid 5,000
Increase in accounts receivable 10,000
Increase in accounts payable 7,000
Purchase of equipment 8,000
Depreciation expense 4,000
Issue of notes payable 20,000
LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.

47. 5-47
Review
In preparing a statement of cash flows, which of the following
transactions would be considered an investing activity?
a. Sale of equipment at book value
b. Sale of merchandise on credit
c. Declaration of a cash dividend
d. Issuance of bonds payable.
Preparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.

48. 5-48
Issuance of ordinary shares to purchase assets.
Conversion of bonds into ordinary shares.
Penerbitan surat utang untuk membeli aktiva.
Pertukaran aktiva jangka panjang.
Preparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
Aktivitaspembiayaandaninvestasiyangsignifikanyang
tidakmempengaruhikastidakdilaporkanpadalaporan
aruskasdalamskedulterpisahdibagianbawahlaporan
aruskas.
Contoh :
Significant Non-Cash Activities

49. 5-49
Preparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
Illustration 5-24
Comprehensive Statement
of Cash Flows

50. 5-50
High amount–kas bersih yang disediakan oleh
aktivitas operasi tinggi perusahaan mampu
membayar kewajiban tanpa harus meminjam dari luar.
Low amount–kas bersih yang disediakan oleh
aktivitas operasi rendah perusahaan harus
meminjam atau menerbitkan sekuritas ekuitas untuk
mendapatkan kas tambahan untuk membayar
kewajibannya
Usefulness of the Statement of Cash Flows
Without cash, a company will not survive.
Cash flow from Operations:

51. 5-51
Usefulness of the Statement of Cash Flows
Rasio ini mengindikasikan apakah perusahaan dapat
melunasi kewajiban lancarnya dari operasinya
LO 7 Understand the usefulness of the statement of cash flows.
Financial Liquidity
Net Cash Provided by
Operating Activities
Average Current Liabilities
Current Cash
Debt Coverage
Ratio
=
Illustration 5-26

52. 5-52
Usefulness of the Statement of Cash Flows
Rasio ini mengindikasikan kemampuan perusahaan
untuk membayar kembali kewajibannya dengan kas
bersih dari aktivitas operasi, tanpa harus menjual /
melikuidasi aktiva yang digunakan dalam operasi.
LO 7 Understand the usefulness of the statement of cash flows.
Financial Flexibility
Average Total Liabilities
Cash Debt
Coverage
Ratio
=
Net Cash Provided by
Operating Activities
Illustration 5-27

53. 5-53
Usefulness of the Statement of Cash Flows
The amount of discretionary cash flow a company has for purchasing
additional investments, retiring its debt (melunasi hutang) , purchasing
treasury stock, or simply adding to its liquidity.
Membeli investasi tambahan, melunasi hutang, membeli saham treasury,
atau hanya untuk menambah likuiditas perusahaan.
Free Cash Flow
Illustration 5-29

54. 5-54
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