خمدرسة ومسجد السلطان المؤيد شيخ بجوار بابب وزيل

برزنتشن عن مسجد ومدرسة السلطان المؤيد شيخ

1. The complex of sultan Al- muayyad shaykh mosque U.S.V Dr/ H assan Refaat

2. References: -The book of the complex of sultan Al- muayyad shaykh at Bab zuwayla ) written by dr / fahmy abd elaleem ), of the history of Egypt through the age 1994

3. Introduction The location The founder and establishment The layout The description The restoration of the mosque

4. the mosque and school of sultan a Al- muayyad shaykh Location : Al- Muayyad Sheikh Mosque is located in the far south of Fatimid Cairo, adjacent to the southern wall and Bab Zuwayla . Its eastern facade overlooks the main street, now known as Al- Sukkariyya Street. And he ordered This mosque was established by Sultan King Al- Muayyad Sheikh Al- Mahmoudi , who took over the Sultanate in the year 815 AH. He died in 824

5. The founder : Sultan Al- Muayyad Sheikh Al- Mahmoudi , born in the year 770 AH. He was brought to Egypt by the merchant Mahmoud Al- Bazdari with a group of slaves and attributed to him .

6. The reason for building the mosque It was said that Al- Muayyad , a sheikh, was imprisoned while he was a prince in a prison in the location of his current mosque. He suffered many hardships one night from bugs and fleas, so he vowed, if God saved him and the King of Egypt, to make this place a school for scholars and a mosque for God Almighty.

7. The importance of the mosque T his facility was used as a school and a mosque simultaneously; The legal argument of Sultan Al- Muayyad Sheikh confirms that this building was intended to teach Islamic jurisprudence according to the four schools of thought, in addition to lessons in interpreting the noble Prophet’s hadith and reciting the Holy Qur’an . Thus, it follows the system of university mosques in planning, and this form of school planning eliminates old theories that confirm The school must be planned according to plan, as the layout of this facility combines the functions of the mosque and the mosque at the same time . Its use as a mosque is confirmed by the presence of the two minarets above the entrance to Bab Zuwayla , as well as the prayer bench, mihrab , and pulpit inside the mosque.

8. The general layout of the mosque

9. The entrance and the façade : it contains of decorations and muqarnas And writings were a feature of architecture in that era. The entrance to the mosque is towering, surrounded by two mastabas , each of which has frames of kufic writing above the entrance is a stalactite of muqarnas The pendants are surrounded by a frame of naskhi writing, which is a verse from the Holy Qur’an And the entrance to the mosque is Bent Entrance or (Al- Bashoura ) Where the entrance leads to the courtyard and the iwans in an indirect manner and zigzag paths

10. Some architectural elements in the mosque

11. The Sahn (courtyard): -An open court or a central square surrounded by four riwaqs (arcade),usually has a fountain in the middle of it. -Its function is to reduce the intensity of light reaching the corridors, maintain warmth in the winter and humidity in the summer, and accommodate worshipers during Feasts and Friday prayers.

12. The Mihrab: - It's a semi-circular niche or a recess in the qibla wall in the mosque or religious school (madrasa) that indicates the direction of Mecca (qibla), which Muslims face when praying. -Mihrabs vary in size and color, but they are usually shaped like a doorway and decorated with mosaic tiles and calligraphy to make space stand out.

13. The Wooden ceilings of Iwan Qibla The first and second grafts from the Qiblah cake covered wooden ceilings from the most beautiful wooden ceilings in the boredomed buildings of geometric decorations and a steady accurate plant and work ( Qasta ) The third gallery ceiling is recently and decoration on the roof of the first gallery, the ideon of the first western room contains plant and gestational stirrings and the rest of the roof The end of Iran has decorations that a wooden pattern extends with a gallery show, including rectangular spaces, which are sparked and fascinated and a chosen and a school called Wikespo and the treasure, geometry and geometric decorations.

14. Riwaq (arcade): - The space enclosed between two Al- Mawazin , whether the arches of the Al- Mawazin are in the direction of the Qiblah or perpendicular to the direction of the Qiblah . -The transition space between interior and outdoor spaces,it provides shade and adjustment to sunlight in hot climates, and cover from rain. -There are usually bookshelves to hold copies of the Qur'an, wooden book stands ( rihal )

15. The Minbar: - it's a raised platform (sometimes covered by a small dome) from which the sermon (khutbah) is delivered. - consist of a short staircase leading to the top platform reached through a doorway that can be closed. - it can accommodate the preacher standing and sitting, and it is located next to the mihrab .

16. iwan alqbla It consists of three arcades whose arches run parallel to the qibla wall. The arches are carried on marble columns with different crowns and are connected by wooden ties. The mihrab tops the southeastern wall and is rich in its marble decorations. The mosque is inlaid with mother-of-pearl and ivory, and the canopy of the qiblah is all backed with colored marble. The mihrab is topped by a large circle of marble with small rounds of multi-colored marble. Documents of the Mamluk era named it “Porphyry” marble, which is dark red, and “ Zarzuri ” which is gray with white dots. ,

17. The Mubligh bench ( Dekka ): - It is a raised platform appeared in the Mamluk period carried on columns. - It was placed in mosques in the same direction as the mihrab in the Qibla rowaq . -it's usually made of wood or marble, and are ascended by stairs. -It was designated for the “ Muezzin or Mubligh ” to sit, who is the one who repeats the prayer calls after the imam in a loud voice so that the worshipers standing in the back rows can hear them.

18. Domes: -Many mosques are decorated with a dome rooftop that Muslims took from Byzantine architecture. -The first mosque in which domes were used was the Rock Mosque in Palestine , which was built in the Umayyad era. - The use of domes in Egypt as a cover for the ceilings of shrines became common, so the shrines were called domes - it also used to cover the ceiling of the qibla wall. - Domed roofs spread in the Ottoman era like The Mosque of Mohamed Ali

19. Minarets (2 ) : The two minarets of Al- Moayyed Mosque are considered among the most prominent architectural elements in the Mamluk era, not only because of their gracefulness, height, and accuracy of their decorations, but because they are superimposed over another monument from a previous era, Bab Zuweila , where together they form a wonderful and unique architectural element. Al- Muayyed Mosque and School had three minarets when it was built, one of which was demolished and two remained, the two chariots above the two towers of Bab Zuweila

20. Mosque restoration workers 1-in the nineteenth century AD the mosque was in bad conditiom 2- During the reign of khediv Ismail , the three sides of the mosque were renewed 3-During the reign of khedive tawfiq , He restored the pulpit the door 4- in the year 2000 , the ministry of culture began to restore the mosque , and in 2006 the mosque was opened by prime minister Ahmed nazif