SLM2. - PowerPoinTPresentation.Phys.pptx

Physical Science - Astronomy.

1. Good morning Students! PREPARED BY: JOHN DISCA

2. THROUGH THE LENS

3. Through the lens ADVANTAGES OF HAVING A TELESCOPE DISADVANTAGES OF HAVING NO TELESCOPE    

4. ASTRONOMICAL PHENOMENA

5. Today’s lesson will focus on these ancient astronomical events observed long time ago before the invention of Telescope. Let us see how they differ from the practices and point of views of people now and if there are phenomena that still hold true up to this time. ASTRONOMICAL PHENOMENA

6. Daily Time Babylonian culture discovered th e technique for keeping the time 4,000 years ago. T he movement of the Sun across the celestial meridian identifies an event of time called “ noon” .

7. Daily Time The morning hours before the Sun crosses the meridian are identified as ante meridiem (A.M.) hours. - Latin for “before meridian.” Afternoon hours are identified as post meridiem (P.M.) hours. - Latin for “after the meridian.”

8. G nomon is a vertical rod used by Ancient Babylonians. T o make and measure a shadow that moved because of the apparent changes of the Sun’s position. A gnomon eventually evolved into S undial , a vertical or slanted gnomon with divisions of time marked on a horizontal plate beneath the gnomon.

9. S undial shows the apparent local solar time (Nonuniform). 1) Earth moves sometimes faster and at other times slower in its elliptical orbit around the Sun. (2) the equator of Earth is inclined to the ecliptic.

10. Cl ocks are set to measure a uniform standard time based on M ean solar time. Mean solar time - is a uniform time average from the apparent solar time.

11. Phases of the moon The phases of the Moon are a result of the changing relative position of Earth, the Moon, and the Sun as the Earth-Moon system moves around the Sun. The moon changes its path and its appearance within a period of 29.5 days. The moon changes its appearance from thin semi-circular disk to full circular disk.

12. As the Moon moves from the new phase in its orbits around Earth, you will eventually see half the unlighted surface, which is known as the First quarter.

13. When the moon is on the dark side of the Earth, you see the entire illuminated half of the moon called Full moon .

14. Last quarter The period of time between two consecutive phases, such as new moon to new moon, is the synodic month, or about 29.5 days.

15. In this new phase, the Moon is not directly between Earth and Sun, so it does not produce eclipse. The dark appearance is called New moon.

16. The Answer: The average distance from Earth to the Moon is 384,400 km. Since 1 km = 1,000 meters, we convert: 384,400×1,000= 384,400,000 meters Answer: The Moon is about 384.4 million meters (3.844 × 10⁸ m) away from Earth.

17. Eclipses of the Sun and Moon

18. Eclipses of the Sun and Moon An eclipse occurs only when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are in a line with one another. There are two types of Eclipse: Lunar eclipse & Solar eclipse

19. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth casts its shadow on the moon when the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon. A phenomenon such as this is known as a lunar eclipse wherein the moon changes into a dark or blood-red color.

20. Solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is in between the Sun and the Earth and the moon partially or completely blocks out the sun.

21. an inner cone of a complete/full shadow show in the illustration below is called the umbra and an outer cone of partial shadow called the penumbra . Total solar eclipse - the umbra of the Moon’s shadow falls on Earth. Annular eclipse - the Moon’s umbra fails to reach Earth. - “ring-shaped”

22. The Motion of the Stars It was also observed that the stars appear to be attached to a celestial sphere that rotates around an axis in one day. It was also observed that the stars appear to be attached to a celestial sphere that rotates around an axis in one day.

23. The Motion of the Stars 1. Timekeeping & Calendars ⏳ Ancient people used the rising and setting of stars to measure time. The appearance of certain constellations marked seasonal changes , helping create lunar and solar calendars .

24. The Motion of the Stars 2. Navigation & Exploration 🧭 Sailors and travelers used the stars for celestial navigation . Fishermen rely on tidal patterns to plan fishing trips, as certain fish are more active during specific tides.

25. The Motion of the Stars 3.Agriculture & Harvesting 🌾 Farmers depended on seasonal star movements to determine the best times to plant and harvest crops .

26. The Motion of the Stars 4. Mythology & Religion 🌌 Many cultures linked constellations to gods, myths, and legends . The motion of the stars was seen as messages from the divine, shaping religious beliefs

27. The Motion of the Stars 5. Astrology & Predictions 🔮 Many ancient cultures believed that the stars influenced human fate and events . Astrology, which originated from observing star motions, played a major role in ancient societies like Mesopotamia, China, and India.

28. Visibility of Planets Astronomers have discovered that Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn are planets because they have noticed that the stars are in a fixed position with respect to each other (like how constellations are always grouped). But there are very bright stars that change positions periodically. These stars do not belong to any group of constellations in the sky. Thus, they are called “wanderers” or “planets” in Greek terms.

29. CONNECT ME if I’m wrong/CORRECT ME if I’m wrong Instructions: There will be pictures, phrases, and definitions posted on the board; however, these elements may not match correctly. Rearrange the given phrases and definitions so that they correctly correspond to the pictures illustrating the phases of the Moon.

30. QUIZ time! Directions: Read the following questions carefully and choose the best answer from the given choices.

31. 1. The moon is positioned between Earth and the Sun. this phase is the ____. a. full moon b. new moon c. first quarter moon d. last quarter moon 2. Identified as ante meridiem (A.M.) hours, which is Latin for “before meridian,” what does A.M. stand for? a. Ante meridiem (A.M.) b. Meridiem (P.M.) c. Auntie meridiem (A.M.) d. Uncle meridiem (U.M.)

32. 3. It occurs when the Moon is in between the Sun and the Earth and the Moon partially or completely blocks out the sun. a. Solar eclipse b. Lunar eclipse c. Annular eclipse d. Penumbra eclipse 4. When the Earth casts its shadow on the moon when the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon. A phenomenon such as this is known as ____. a. Solar eclipse b. Lunar eclipse c. Annular eclipse d. Penumbra eclipse

33. 5. Why is understanding the phases of the Moon important in daily life? a. It helps in predicting tides, which is essential for fishermen and coastal communities. b. It determines the exact time of sunrise and sunset each day. c. It affects the Earth’s rotation speed and causes seasonal changes. d. It has no real impact on daily life and is only useful for astronomers.

34. Assignment: Instructions: Answer the following question based on your understanding. Use your own words to explain your thoughts clearly. Write your answer on ½ crosswise of paper. 1. In what ways have different cultures and societies used the Moon’s phases for calendars, agriculture, and traditions? 2. How do the Moon’s phases influence human activities, such as fishing, navigation, and space exploration? 3. Why is understanding the Moon’s phases still relevant in modern science and technology?