Small Scale Industry

Small Scale Industry related concepts are illustrated.

1. Small Scale Industry Presented By: Prakhyath Rai

2. Contents Introduction and Definition of SSI Classification of SSI Characteristics of SSI Need and Rationale of SSI Objectives of SSI Scope of SSI Role of SSI in economic Development Advantages and Weaknesses of SSI Steps to Start a SSI Government Policy towards SSI Government Support to SSI during 5 Year Plans Impact of Privatization, Liberalization and Globalization on SSI Supporting Agencies of Government for SSI

3. Introduction Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007

4. Introduction Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Small scale Industries have occupied an important place in the process of industrialization in the country, resolving certain issues such as: Abundant manpower Poor finances Problem of unemployment and underemployment Over dependence on agriculture Transportation difficulty and Lack of modern technology

5. Introduction Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Small scale industries makes use of local raw materials, local skills, local finance and generally local markets. Small scale industries contribute to socio-economic development of the country. Small scale industries and business sectors have emerged as a dynamic and vibrant sector for the Indian economy. SSI’s account to 35% of Indian industrial exports.

6. Definition of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 “An industrial undertaking in which the investment in fixed assets, plant and machinery does not ross Rs. 10 million is treated as a SSI unit. This is irrespective of whether the assets are held on ownership terms, on lease or on hire purchase.”

7. Examples of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007

8. Classification of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Small Scale Industries are broadly classified as: Traditional Industries Modern Industries

9. Traditional Industries Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Traditional Industries Khadi and Village industry Handloom Handicrafts Coir Sericulture

10. Traditional Industries Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Traditional Industries Khadi and Village industry Handloom Handicrafts Coir Sericulture

11. Traditional Industries Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Traditional Industries Khadi and Village industry Handloom Handicrafts Coir Sericulture

12. Traditional Industries Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Traditional Industries Khadi and Village industry Handloom Handicrafts Coir Sericulture

13. Traditional Industries Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Traditional Industries Khadi and Village industry Handloom Handicrafts Coir Sericulture

14. Traditional Industries Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Traditional Industries Khadi and Village industry Handloom Handicrafts Coir Sericulture

15. Modern Industries Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Modern Industries Small-scale industrial undertaking EOU (Export Oriented) SSI units Ancillary industrial unit Tiny industrial unit Small-scale business and enterprises

16. EOU SSI Unit Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Export oriented SSI unit is a type of SSI with an obligation to export at least 30% of its production.

17. Ancillary Industrial Unit Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Manufacture of parts, accessories, sub-assemblies, components, tooling etc. Supplies 50% of its production to other industries or its service volumes to other organizations.

18. Tiny Industrial Unit Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Industrial Units where the investment in plant and machinery is limited to Rs . 25 Lakh, irrespective of the location of the unit are referred as tiny industrial units.

19. Characteristics of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 1 It’s a one man show at most SSI’s 2 Capital investment is low 3 Most SSI’s employ less than 10 workers 4 SSI’s are found in rural and semi-urban areas 5 Produce – Light consumer goods, industrial components etc.

20. Characteristics of SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 6 Proprietorship and partnership forms of ownership 7 SSI generally use local resources 8 Human and environmental standards are disobeyed 9 Market share of SSI is Small hence scaling is problem 10 Organization structure of an SSI would be very simple

21. Characteristics of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 11 SSI’s have a tendency of folding up very soon 12 No R & D and hence depend on known technology 13 Division and specialization of labour is low 14 SSI’s are generally labour intensive 15 Human resources – Women and children are exploited

22. Need and Rationale of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Need for Equality Need for more Entrepreneurs Need for Decentralization Need for Employment

23. Need and Rationale of SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Need for Equality Need for more Entrepreneurs Need for Decentralization Need for Employment Need for Employment Given scarce capital and abundant labour, it is necessary to provide large scale employment opportunities so as to lift people above poverty line.

24. Need and Rationale of SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Large scale industries may lead to concentrate income into few hands whereas SSI’s ensure equitable distribution of national income and wealth. Need for Equality Need for Equality Need for more Entrepreneurs Need for Decentralization Need for Employment

25. Need and Rationale of SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 SSI’s basically help in identifying small time entrepreneurs who would have not come up otherwise. SSI’s provide opportunities for unearthing latent entrepreneurial talents. Need for Entrepreneurs Need for Equality Need for more Entrepreneurs Need for Decentralization Need for Employment

26. Need and Rationale of SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Need for Equality Need for more Entrepreneurs Need for Decentralization Need for Employment Need for Decentralization Decentralization of industries actually help in taping local resources like raw materials, local labour and talent etc. which in turn helps local economy

27. Objectives of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

28. Objectives of SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To generate immediate and large scale employment opportunities in all parts of the country with relatively low investment.

29. Objectives of SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 8 7 6 5 4 3 To reduce the unemployment and underemployment problems in the country 1 2

30. Objectives of SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 8 7 6 5 4 To encourage setting up of industries in small towns and villages thus improving local economy. 2 3

31. Objectives of SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 8 7 6 5 To bring poor and backward areas to the mainstream of national development 3 4

32. Objectives of SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 8 7 6 To ensure a better and equitable distribution of national income and wealth 4 5

33. Objectives of SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 8 7 To mobilize the country’s untapped capital and human resources 5 6

34. Objectives of SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 8 To generally improve the standard of living in our country 6 7

35. Objectives of SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 To encourage small entrepreneurs and help them to grow and realize their dreams 7 8

36. Scope of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 ‘Scope of SSI’ refers to the range of activities and the type of products that come under the SSI. Example: 1) Manufacturing activities 2) Construction activities 3) Public Activities 4) Service/Repairing activities 5) Financial activities 6) Retailing activities 7) Wholesale business

37. Scope of SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 In India, the small scale sector is protected by the government by way of reservation . Indian government has made a list of items which are reserved for exclusive production in small sector { No large scale industry may produce any of these items reserved in favor of SSI’s}. The main objective of this reservation is to insulate the smallsector from unequal competition with the large industrial establishment.

38. Scope of SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Some of the items in the reserved list are as follows, 1) Leather products 2) Rubber products 3) Cotton hosiery 4) Natural essential oils 5) Auto ancillary 6) Boat making 7) Foundries 8) Khadi products 9) Flour mills 10) Wooden furniture

39. Role of SSI in Economic Development Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 1 Providing Employment 2 Mobilizing of local resources 3 Feeding large scale industries 4 Promotion of exports

40. Role of SSI in Economic Development Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 6 Equitable distribution of wealth 7 Promoting regional development 8 Capital optimization 9 Inspiring new entrepreneurs

41. Advantages of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Defensive Stocks Most units do nor require high-end technology SSI’s can be located anywhere SSI’s use local resources and manpower thus improving local economy Gestation period of SSI’s are less SSI’s help earn and save foreign exchange SSI’s provide self-employment opportunities with low investments

42. Advantages of SSI Cont.. Defensive Stocks Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 SSI’s introduce to the world local craftsmanship and handicrafts SSI’s require simple technology and low managerial skills SSI’s assist large and medium industries by acting as ancillaries SSI’s inspire entrepreneurs to start their own ventures SSI’s help in facilitating decentralization of wealth in certain hands SSI’s make use of the large semi skilled and unskilled labour

43. Weaknesses/Drawbacks/Disadvantages of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Raw Materials Finance Marketing Capacity under-utilization Outdated Technology

44. Weaknesses/Drawbacks/Disadvantages of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Over Protection Inefficient Entrepreneurs Zero R & D Lack of Successors Low Wages

45. Weaknesses/Drawbacks/Disadvantages of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Raw Materials Finance Marketing Capacity under-utilization Outdated Technology Raw Materials The problem with respect to raw materials are as follows, Absolute scarcity Poor quality High cost

46. Weaknesses/Drawbacks/Disadvantages of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Raw Materials Finance Marketing Capacity under-utilization Outdated Technology Finance The problem with respect to finance are due to, Scarcity of Capital Weak creditworthiness of small units in country.

47. Weaknesses/Drawbacks/Disadvantages of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Raw Materials Finance Marketing Capacity under-utilization Outdated Technology SSI units lack professional marketing executives as employed by large sectors, hence marketing can be a weakness. Marketing

48. Weaknesses/Drawbacks/Disadvantages of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Raw Materials Finance Marketing Capacity under-utilization Outdated Technology Capacity in SSI is not fully utilized leading to lower optimization. Capacity under-utilization

49. Weaknesses/Drawbacks/Disadvantages of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Raw Materials Finance Marketing Capacity under-utilization Outdated Technology Continued usage of old technology and no upgradation brings down their efficiency. Outdated Technology

50. Weaknesses/Drawbacks/Disadvantages of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Over Protection Inefficient Entrepreneurs Zero R & D Lack of Successors Low Wages Over Protection Most of the SSI units do not have desire to grow to medium and large scale because of the benefits of protection and reservation given to them.

51. Weaknesses/Drawbacks/Disadvantages of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Over Protection Inefficient Entrepreneurs Zero R & D Lack of Successors Low Wages Inefficient Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs who are young, and lack industrial experience, and also whose financial background is weak and those who are stressed out, are like to fail faster.

52. Weaknesses/Drawbacks/Disadvantages of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Over Protection Inefficient Entrepreneurs Zero R & D Lack of Successors Low Wages Zero R & D SSI units hardly invest in R & D and hence they lack in introducing any innovation into the market.

53. Weaknesses/Drawbacks/Disadvantages of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Over Protection Inefficient Entrepreneurs Zero R & D Lack of Successors Low Wages Many entrepreneurs who run SSI units may, Transfer the responsibility to their children who might be inefficient or are unwilling to continue family business Due to these reasons SSI unit may die Lack of Successors

54. Weaknesses/Drawbacks/Disadvantages of SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Over Protection Inefficient Entrepreneurs Zero R & D Lack of Successors Low Wages SSI’s are labor intensive, the  wages paid in SSI’s are low  when compared to those paid in large scale industries. In many SSI’s because of  lack of safety measures  and proper  training to workers, accidents and injuries are common occurrences. Low Wages

55. Steps to Start a SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 As a pre requisite the entrepreneur must familiarize himself on following activities, Priorities and policies of government. Assistance, subsidies and facilities offered by various states. Various organizations like KIADB, SIDBI etc., which help budding entrepreneurs. Government incentives available for starting a new industry. Licensing and registration requirements. Policies and regulations concerning imports, exports, laws (legal and industrial), taxes etc.

56. Steps to Start a SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 1 Project/product identification 3 Location of the unit 2 Selecting the form of ownership 4 Preparation of project report

57. Steps to Start a SSI Cont. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 5 Registration of project report 6 Arrangement of finance – fixed and working 7 Procuring licences and clearances 8 Creating physical infrastructure

58. Steps to Start a SSI Cont. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 9 Recruitment of staff 10 Procuring raw materials 11 Power connection and water supply 12 Starting production 13 Marketing the product

59. Steps to Start a SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 1 Project/product identification Project identification is the process of identifying broad areas where opportunities for new business ventures exits. The following points have to be considered with respect to product identification: A new product idea can be pulled from a study of what people need or what people love. This is known as Market – Pull. A new product idea can also be pushed into the market with the help of R & D. This is known as Technology – Pull.. Awareness – market potential, existing competition, availability of raw material, technology, man power, future demand etc.

60. Steps to Start a SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Selecting the form of ownership is an important decision taken by the entrepreneur, various forms of ownership that would be chosen for SSI are as follows: Sole proprietorship Family ownership Partnership Private limited company 2 Selecting the form of ownership

61. Steps to Start a SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Factors for deciding the location of the unit are: Proximity to the source of raw materials Nearest to the market Availability of all kinds of manpower Infrastructure available with respect to – factory sheds, industrial estates, transportation facility, water , waste disposal etc. General business climate of the region Climate and environmental factors 3 Location of the unit

62. Steps to Start a SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 A project report is a written document pertaining to the investment proposal. A project report should include the following information: General information about project Preliminary analysis of alternatives Project description Technical feasibility Economic viability Financial analysis Marketing plan etc. 4 Preparation of project report

63. Steps to Start a SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 5 Registration of project report The registration of small scale units is inculcated in two stages as follows: Provisional Registration – Temporary registration which is needed at the planning stage in order to bring unit into existence. It is issued by district unit of Directorate of industries. Provisional registration is issued for one year initially and then extended by six months for a maximum of four times. Permanent Registration – It is applied when the entrepreneur is ready to commence commercial production.

64. Steps to Start a SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Arrangement of finance is required for two reasons: Fixed capital – Finance required for setting up infrastructure like land, buildings, machinery etc.,. This can be generated by, Partnership Bank loans Venture capitalists Personal savings Working Capital – Finance necessary for buying raw materials and recurring expenditure, can also be raised by various sources. 6 Arrangement of finance – Fixed and Working

65. Steps to Start a SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Depending on the SSI been set up and the area where the unit is located, a number of licences and clearances are required to be procured such as: Municipal authorities (If within city limits) Chief Inspector of Factories (If employed more than 10 individuals) Ministry of Agriculture (For food and vegetable processing) State Drug Controller ( For making drugs and cosmetics) Collector, Central Excise (Excise items like alcohol, cigarette etc.,) Bureau of Indian Standards (For all measurements) Company law board (For Reg. to corporate body) Pollution Control Board (For pollution control clearances) etc.,. 7 Procuring licences and clearances

66. Steps to Start a SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Creating physical infrastructure includes acquiring land and building, selecting, buying and installation of machinery, and so on. In case of setting up a manufacturing unit creating physical structure is time consuming and requires more effort. 8 Creating physical infrastructure 9 Recruitment of staff Manpower power is key to success of any organization. The right kind of staff – right from managerial to worker have to be recruited so that all types of work can be accomplished.

67. Steps to Start a SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 Raw materials have to be procured in the right quality, quantity and delivery schedules. Preferably raw materials have to be collected from several sources. 10 Procuring raw materials 11 Power connection and water supply Factors to be taken care with respect to power and water supply are: Application for connection of power (HT and LT) have to be given in advance and alternate sources of power and water supply have to be arranged.

68. Steps to Start a SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 After the basic trial runs, commercial production has to begin with proper quality checks in place 12 Starting production 13 Marketing the product Marketing the product is the most important step in realizing the business ambition. Business is not complete without selling the products and eensuring that the revenue flows into the organization.

69. Impact of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization on SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 1 Small Scale units are exposed to severe competition from both large scale sector – domestic and foreign as well as from MNC’s. 2 In liberalization environment following problems were resolved: Delay in project implementation Inadequate availability of finance and credit Marketing problems Delay in payment Lack of technological upgradation Lack of infrastructure facilities Deficient managerial and technical skills

70. Impact of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization on SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 3 No restriction on FDI, which has led the entry of many multinational companies (mainly electronics and automobile units) 4 Competition in the domestic market has intensified with the arrival of cheap and low quality products. For Example, China products have flooded India threatening the very existence of several Indian small scale units.

71. Impact of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization on SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 5 Globalization has made the world flat. SSI’s can now market their products all over the world. 6 SSI units have changed their strategy post globalization. Units which used to produce wide variety of products of lower quality have now changed the strategy to produce a lesser variety of products but of higher quality in order to be accepted globally.

72. Government Policy towards SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 IPR, 1948: Aimed at protecting small producers IPR, 1956: Protect old but develop new entrepreneurs IPR, 1977: ‘Protection plus development plus promotion’ IPR, 1980: Definition of small sector with respect to investment

73. Government Policy towards SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 IPR, 1990: Raised the ceilings of investment into SSI IPR, 1991: Deregulation of many items on protected list IPR, 2003: More items de-reserved. SSI census was carried out

74. Effect of WTO/GATT on Indian SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 1 Many import quotas have been removed, which facilitates importing any quantity of foreign raw materials and goods for local processing and consumption (Lifted the protection given to SSI). 2 Import tariffs were reduced which allowed higher amount of foreign products into the Indian markets. 3 Removal of quantitative restrictions on imports in 2001 and all export subsidies in 2003, made every industrial unit, small or large, export oriented or domestic oriented, face intense competition.

75. Effect of WTO/GATT on Indian SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 4 Out of 812 items listed in favour of SSI, 586 were removed and placed on the OGL (Open General Licence) list of imports (which reduced the protection to small sector). The list of reserved items for SSI now has only 114 items. 5 Enlightened entrepreneurs who had a feel of the world wide market benefitted from WTO. 6 WTO has provided many Indian SSI units, a platform to market their products anywhere in the world, with the help of internet.

76. Effect of WTO/GATT on Indian SSI Cont.. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 7 Patent laws were tightened through regulation of Intellectual Property Rights. This discouraged Indian companies from imitating or downright copying of foreign products. 8 Service sector in India has benefitted by WTO and has captured 25% of Indian total exports. 9 WTO has also introduced anti-dumping, strict labour standards, environmental safety and safeguard measures which benefits mankind as a whole.

77. Supporting Agencies of Government for SSI Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 The agencies of government supporting SSI are classified as: Central Level Institutions State Level Institutions Other Agencies

78. Central Level Institutions Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 SSI Board: Small Scale Industries Board KVIC: Khadi and Village Industries Commission SIDO: Small Industries Development Organization NSIC: National Small Industries Corporation Ltd., NSTEDB: National Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board NPC: National Productivity Council NISIET: National Institute for Small Industry Extension and Training IIE: Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship EDII: Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India NIESBUD: National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development

79. State Level Institutions Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 DI: Directorate of Industries DIC: District Industries Centre SFC: State Financial Corporation SIDC: State Industrial Development Corporation SSIDC: State Small Industrial Development Corporation

80. Other Agencies Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 SIDBI: Small Industries Development Bank of India HUDCO: Housing and Urban Development Corporation Ltd., NGO’s: Non-governmental Organizations EPC: Export Promotion Council CII: Confederation of Indian Industries LUB: Laghu Udyog Bharati ICSI: Indian Council of Small Industries CSIR: Council of Industrial and Scientific Research NABARD: National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development FICCI: Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry

81. Thank You