smallfamilynorm.pptx

small family norms

1. SMALL F AMI L Y NORM

2. Small Family Norm The size of the family is a matter of great importance not only for the country as a whole but also for the welfare and health of the individual, the family and the community. A norm in relation to family size, according to sociologists, implies a pattern which sets limits for any community‘s fertility behaviour .

3. Concepts/Themes Of Small Family Norm “Sons/daughter – two will do”. “Second child after 3 years”. “Universal immunization”.

4. The size of the family affects of quality of life of human beings. The quality of life does not only pertain to economic standards of living. Family size affects: Basic human needs Income and growth of the economy and savings Food and nutrition-quality and quantity. Uses of land and urban public system Health, especially that of mother and child. Education, particularly that of children. F AC T ORS AFFECTI N G OF F A MI L Y SIZE

5. F AMI L Y SIZE A N D BA S IC H U MAN NEEDS Food, clothing and shelter, primary health care and basic education are essential needs.

6. BIGGER THE FAMILY LOWER THE SHARE OF BASIC NEEDS In any society, other things being equal, the larger the size of the family, the relatively smaller will be the per capita share of basic needs for individuals and the family. Similarly, declining size and fewer members of the family results in bigger per capita share required for existence and development.

7. F AMI L Y SIZE, FO O D AND NUTRITION Every increase in family size results in decrease in per capita food and nutrition availability and this slows down the quality of nutrition and improvement of health standards. this, in turn,has its effect on productivity of labour, which ultimately affects the overall economic development.

8. F AMI L Y SIZE, FO O D AND NUTRITION

9. F AMI L Y SIZE, FRAGME N T A TION OF LAND AND URBAN PUBLIC SYSTEM Preference for a large family size eventually leads to fragmentation of land holdings, especially in rural communities which has its effect on low per capita productivity. This results in migration of the population from rural to urban areas which, in turn, exerts pressures on urban public systems, leading to poor social and economic development

10. F AMI L Y SIZE, FRAGME N T A TION OF LAND AND URBAN PUBLIC SYSTEM

11. F AMI L Y SIZE AND HE A L TH Various studies have shown higher mortality among mothers and children in large sized families. Early marriage, followed by too early pregnancy, too many children, too frequently till the advance reproductive age of the mother, affect the health of the mother as well as that of the child. A study done by WHO in Southern Indian with a sa m ple of 6000 wo m en, has shown t hat infant m or t al i ty was 200 when the birth interval was only one year and it was 80 when the birth interval was 3-4 years.

12. FAMILY SIZE AND EDUCATION Family size is seen to be related to education, where the mother's education is high, the family size is usually smaller and infant mortality is also relatively lower. The level of the mother's education and its impact on family size is evident in the State of Kerala, where female literacy is the highest, and it has the lowest birth rate, and the child mortality rate is also the lowest in the country.

13. WH A T ARE THE H AZARDS OF A LARGE AND UNPLANNED F AMI L Y? There are certain hazards of large and unplanned families. These hazards are going to affect not only the mothers and children, but also the family as a whole, and subsequently, the community and the nation.

14. HAZARDS OF UNPLANNED LARGE FAMILY T OO E AR L Y MAR RIA G E More chances to develop cancer of cervix (neck of womb) Discontinuation of education leads to lack of proper job opportunity

15. TOO FREQENT PREGNANCIES Ill-health of mother Low birth weight or sick baby divided attention between children

16. TOO EARLY PREGANCY Abortion Still birth (dead baby) Premature birth Low birth weight baby Increased infant mortality

17. TOO MANY PREGNANCIES Unhappiness and disharmony in the family Difficulty in providing proper education to the children

18. WHY PLAN A SMALL FAMILY: A small planned family has many advantages and benefits. The planning for a family starts from marriages at the proper age. Keeping in view the legal and biological aspects, a girl should not be married before the completion of eighteen years of birth the mother and the child is when the woman is between 20-30 years of age.

19. AD V AN T AGES OF A SMALL AND PLANNED FAMILY Advantages for the mothers Loss of fear about unwanted pregnancy. More time and energy to give proper attention and love to her children. More time to participate in other fruitful activities like education, vocational training, community projects etc. - Can avail of better job opportunities when not tied down by small children.

20. Less chances of fetal death, birth defects, mortality during infancy and childhood. Conducive atmosphere for proper physical and psychological growth of the child. Gets proper nutrition, education, parental care and love. ADVANTAGES FOR THE CHILD

21. ADVANTAGES FOR THE COMMUNITY AND COUNTRY Conservation of natural resources and savings. Enough schools, hospitals and other basic services. More employment Planned families would gradually bring happiness, peace, harmony, prosperity.

22. ADVANTAGES FOR THE FATHER Can provide sound economic base for the family. Can provide children with better education, comfort, food, clothing, recreation etc. Can be more relaxed and enjoy good health. Improved living standards, better health, more productive labour force

23. AD V AN T AGES OF A SMALL AND PLANNED FAMILY

24. WHAT EFFORTS ARE BEING MADE TO HELP PEOPLE ADOPT THE SMALL F AMI L Y NO R M ? The efforts are being made in two ways. First, by providing the necessary information and services to help people adopt the small family norm. Secondly, attempts are being made to change the associated environmental factors i.e. increase in female literacy. raising the status of women and the age at marriage, improvements in general social and economic conditions, which are often described as beyond family planning measures.

25. AD V AN T AGES OF A SMALL AND PLANNED FAMILY

26. CONCLUSION : While it may appear self-evident that two-child family is a happy family, widespread acceptance of the two-child norms has not yet taken place in the country due to various religious, cultural and socio-economic factors. Concerted efforts, therefore, need to be made to provide the necessary information and education to the people, especially in rural areas and urban slums to motivate them to accept the two-child family norm.

27. THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME