Smart healthcare systems (Part II)******

Smart healthcare systems (Part II)

1. Healthcare systems around the world (Part II) Dr. Esraa Mohammed Soltan Lecturer of Nursing Administration-Suez Canal University Diploma of Health Professions Education (DHPE )

2. Smart Healthcare Systems

3. Outline: Introduction Definition of smart healthcare Healthcare services provided by smart healthcare Objectives of smart healthcare Requirements of smart healthcare

4. Outline (cont.) : Classification of smart healthcare Four components of smart healthcare system Key concepts in smart healthcare Smart healthcare system challenges Summary

5. Introduction: The traditional healthcare system cannot meet people's expectations in the modern technology era. This may be because of the rapid increase of populations all over the world or the lesser use of technology. Even though we have good doctors, technology, and good infrastructure, everyone can't avail the medical facilities. Providing healthcare services at a reasonable cost and enhancing the ease of access to the healthcare system is a challenging task. Some people can't afford it, and some can't approach it. So, the term smart healthcare comes into the picture to make the healthcare system available and approachable to everyone at any point. A smart healthcare system provides healthcare services to people and educates people to self-manage some minor health issues in emergencies and make them aware of their health.

6. What is Smart Health? Smart health is the use of various technological advances and gadgets to provide better services for patients, hospitals, doctors, and health workers. In other ways, it provides better care in the dimension of health, usually termed smart healthcare.

7. Definition of smart healthcare: According to Blue Stream Consultancy: Smart healthcare is defined by the technology that leads to better diagnostic tools, better treatment for patients, and devices that improve the quality of life for anyone and everyone.

8. Healthcare services provided by smart healthcare: • Smart gadgets and medical wearables (such as the Fitbit and smartwatches) • Smart healthcare products and monitoring devices (such as digital thermometers, smart glucometers, and blood pressure monitors) • The Internet of Medical Things ( IoMT ), wireless networks, body area networks and extensive area networks

9. Healthcare services provided by smart healthcare (cont.) : •Smartphones and smart mobile applications (apps) for fitness, nutrition, hygiene, and healthcare •Smart devices for the elderly (hearing aids, toilet aids, walking aids, global positioning system (GPS) tracker shoe inserts etc.) •Smart devices for persons with special needs (smart home help, smart sticks for the blind and partially sighted community, hands-free voice communication, speech-to-text etc.)

10. Objectives of smart healthcare: Create awareness among individuals about daily healthcare, self-check ups, and health awareness, and enable them to self-manage during medical emergencies. It places emphasis on refining the quality and experience of healthy living for citizens and persons with special needs, including the elderly and children. Ensures proper distribution, management, and utilization of the available healthcare resources. Smart healthcare is not limited to any particular geographical location.

11. Objectives of smart healthcare (cont.) : Supports remote patient monitoring, online/tele-medical advice/treatment, and remote surgery, among other things. Provides healthcare solutions and services for daily personal and clinical healthcare. Focuses on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease.

12. Requirements of s mart healthcare: The objective of designing smart healthcare is to make sure appropriate medical services are provided for patients. Apart from fulfilling the basic requirements, a smart healthcare system is also aimed at improving the quality of service. The requirements of smart healthcare can be functional or non-functional in nature.

13. Requirements of smart healthcare:

14. Functional requirements:

15. Non functional requirements: Non-functional requirements are those basic quits that determine the nature of the healthcare system. Some of the non-functional requirements are quality of service, memory high stated, small form factor, power, ambient intelligence, connectivity, higher efficiency, reliability, and interoperability in between various platforms.

16. Pillars of smart healthcare systems:

17. Classification of smart healthcare: The smart healthcare system can be categorized into three broad categories : App-oriented architecture Things-oriented architecture Semantics-oriented architecture

18. Classification of smart healthcare (cont.):

19. App-oriented architecture: The characteristics of app-oriented architecture emphasize the management of applications on smartphones, including reliable and secure communication/transmission between smartphone apps, sensors, personalized networks, and user devices.

20. Things-oriented architecture: The purpose of things-oriented architecture is to ensure real-time monitoring of the delivery and efficiency of applications.

21. Semantics-oriented architecture: Semantics-oriented architecture is aimed at a better user experience based on behavioural patterns and acquired information.

22. Four components of smart healthcare system:

23. Sensors and actuators: The purpose of an Internet of Things ( IoT )—based sensor is to measure the vital signs of a user/patient . Sensors/actuators include sensors to measure the body temperature, cardiac signals, blood pressure, blood glucose, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and speed and motion of the patients.

24. Computing devices: Computing devices include smartphones, tablets and personal digital assistants (PDAs), supercomputers, memory and servers.

25. Data storage components: The health and vital signs data collected from different sensors are stored in embedded memory and large servers in the cloud, and they are analyzed using big data.

26. Networking components: Networking components are used to link sensors to various routers and base stations using wireless, Bluetooth or other types of net-work technologies.

27. K ey concepts in smart healthcare: eHealth mHealth Digital Health Smart Hospitals

28. eHealth: eHealth , or electronic health, is related to the use of ICT in healthcare. Various renowned agencies have defined eHealth and mentioned various terms associated with eHealth, such as medical informatics, healthcare informatics, health education, health monitoring, and surveillance.

29. eHealth (cont.) : The Journal of Medical Internet Research defines eHealth as: an emerging field in the intersection of medical informatics, public health and business, referring to health services and information delivered or enhanced through the Internet and related technologies.

30. eHealth (cont.) : The WHO defines eHealth as: the cost-effective and secure use of information and communication technologies in support of the health and health-related fields including healthcare, health surveillance and health education, knowledge and research.

31. eHealth (cont.) : The European Commission defines eHealth as: the use of modern information and communication technologies to meet needs of citizens, patients, healthcare professionals, healthcare providers, as well as policy makers.

32. Objectives of eHealth: To provide health literacy, To support better communication among all healthcare stakeholders (hospitals, patients, researchers, physicians , health workers, and health insurance companies), To assist healthcare and hospital management, To assist disease prevention and well-being monitoring.

33. Examples of eHealth: Electronic health records (EHRs ) Telemedicine Health portals

34. Digital Health: Digital health involves the use of digital care services and varied technologies to address healthcare challenges by adapting medicine to ubiquitous ICTs. Digital health encompasses the use of digital tools to provide better healthcare and better patient experiences, and support for medical professionals in medicine and healthcare.

35. Digital Health (cont.) : Digital health includes all services and devices for personal health-care, such as smart apps, wearable devices, augmented and virtual reality, assistive technologies for the elderly and persons with special needs, electronic medical records (EMRs), smart gadgets and smart homes.

36. Objective of Digital Health: To connect all stakeholders in healthcare through digital channels.

37. Digital Health (cont.) : Traditionally , the terms eHealth and digital health have been used interchangeably ; however, these terms differ on the following bases: eHealth is aimed at improving quality and knowledge in healthcare, using ICT, whereas digital health is aimed at the implementation of ICT to address healthcare challenges. eHealth tools include products, systems, and frameworks, whereas digital health is related to services for personal healthcare and well-being.

38. mHealth : mHealth refers to mobile health and includes the practices of medicine and public health with the help of mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets and PDAs, and wireless setups. mHealth comprises telecommunications and multimedia technologies for dissemination of health information and healthcare management.

39. Examples of mHealth : mobile applications for healthcare education and awareness disease diagnosis and treatment, dissemination of healthcare information through a short message service (SMS ) smart alert systems, emergency response systems decision support systems for physicians and the point of care , patient safety systems healthcare supply chains remote healthcare telemedicine

40. Aims of mHealth : improving quality and convenience reducing healthcare costs for patients

41. Smart Hospitals: Smart hospitals are a smarter way of treating and healing patients by reducing patient waiting time, improving the quality of patient care, lowering infection risks, optimizing staff productivity, providing health data management and data ware-housing, enhancing patients' experiences and satisfaction, reducing errors in patient management and providing rapid emergency responses.

42. Objectives of Smart Hospitals: To enhance patients' experiences by the use of emerging smart technologies in their design. To develop a healthcare delivery ecosystem in which hospitals are connected with stakeholders and governments.

43. Summary: Introduction Definition of smart healthcare Healthcare services provided by smart healthcare Objectives of smart healthcare Requirements of smart healthcare Classification of smart healthcare Four components of smart healthcare system Key concepts in smart healthcare Smart healthcare system challenges

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45. References: Vyas , S., & Bhargava, D. (2021). Smart Health Systems: Emerging Trends. ‏