SOC 218-GLOBALIZATION AND PHILOSOHPY- GROUP2 (ME NP 31 A1).pptx

DISTINGUISH DIFF. INTREPRETATIONS OF APRROACHES TO GLOBALIZATION

1. Globalization and Philosophy MODULE 2 (WEEK 2) SOC 218- The Contemporary World

2. LANUZGA, KIM LESTER name leader name RIEGO, WINDEL RIEGO, LOUIS members

3. name name name MEDINA, REYMUND RAMIREZ, JOSH ROQUE KHERBIN members TRIA John Albert name

4. THE STUDENTS SHALL BE ABLE TO: 1. Distinguish different interpretations of and approaches to globalization 2. Analyze the various contemporary drivers of globalization 3. Articulate personal positions on various global issues.

5. Accordingly, “globalization is defined as an unprecedented new world state, a special phase of the world history that is already perceptible but that started ultimately in its mature form in 1989 with the retreat of communism. Since then, some attempts have also been made to divide the history of globalization into some periods (Kiss, as cited by Kiss, 2013).”

6. ▪ Globalization is conceived as “new world state” which means a world of interconnected populace. It emphasizes that the world is governed by people’s interrelated systems of relation and communication. Thus, it creates a historical point of view based on world’s functional system. This structural system explains how the contemporary world manifest its obvious contextual phases that influence the different interpretation on globalization. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend how to interpret these phases to derive a specific globalization strategy. In terms of global and international policies and regulations to strongly relate the world of people’s differences.

7. ▪ “World history [of globalization]” pertains to how human consciousness developed over a period, which basically informs us to trace historicity according to the development of world’s views, concepts, experiences and achievements. Historicity of globalization is regarded between internal and external historical views; internal history refers to how the contemporary world thinks and experience the globalized people; while external history refers to how the contemporary world function based on its interaction of systems around the globe. This distinguished historicity posed a problem to the interpretation and approaches to the study of globalization.

8. ▪ Retreat of communism in 1989 is a significant event in history that led to a further democratic view in Europe. (See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKXjIZKPJmA) It is the transition of people’s political view from communism to democracy that is to emphasize freedom and liberal perspective. Hence, democracy plays an important role to highlight activities pertaining to “globalization […] the process of international integration arising from an interchange of worldviews, products, ideas, mutual sharing, and other aspects of culture (King, as cited by Gonzales, 2016, p. 2).”

9. What is the Philosophical Question in the Periodization of Globalization? ▪ The dispute over how the contemporary world thinks in response to the global system of functions and how it works as a result of that system has centered on the rising issue of globalization.

10. Thus, there are two compelling views between epistemological views and structural-functionalism views that undergone in the process of globalization. Hence, it acknowledged that the emerging phenomena of globalization posed challenges to a universal appeal for harmony of "freedom and global self-regulation." ▪ This is to highlight how the world would exercise freedom and liberal views in the period of globalization and how it is regulated in the middle of diverse cultures around the world.

11. ▪ This is to highlight how the world would exercise freedom and liberal views in the period of globalization and how it is regulated in the middle of diverse cultures around the world.

12. Internal History of Globalization (Epistemological views) Due to the argument that the world is globally interconnected in terms of global perspectives and activities, it was assumed that everyone was thinking plainly related. As a result, the truth has also been standardized as legitimate way of reasoning. This kind of thinking is made more prominent by the fact that society is creating a new conceptual basis for a new civilization (Kiss, 2013).

13. External History of Globalization (Structural-Functionalism views) The stability of social equality has been upheld by society by using all available means from an economic, political, and cultural standpoint. Thus, social institutions are conceived to be controlled by singular perspective to maintain social equilibrium. Hence, politics play a crucial role to which view are being controlled to attain univeral peace and order in favor to which society. This period of globalization is the product of “[…] post-communist democracy1 and neo-liberalism2 (Kiss, 2013).”

14. 1 Post-communism is the period of political and economic transformation or transition […] in which new governments aimed to create free market-oriented capitalist economies. 2 Neoliberalism places a strong emphasis on free-market exchange, which enables private sectors to compete economically unrestricted without the involvement of the government. Individuals can spend their money according to their preferences because the government is cutting taxes and supporting the private sector to enhance economic growth.

15. The Five Context of Globalization (Gonzales, 2016) • Globalization, as an international phenomenon, has contributed to or assisted in the development of major economic, political, and social change in this new millennium. To begin this exploration of some of the more profound impacts of globalization, discussion will be grounded in the conceptual framework known as “The Five Contexts,” developed by Cooper and White (2012), namely: (1) historical context, (2) political context, (3) postmodern context, (4) philosophical context, (5) education and globalization. These five lenses will be utilized to disentangle and examine some of the economic, political, and social issues that are associated with globalization.

16. ▪ Primarily, globalization is “the process of international integration arising from an interchange of worldviews, products, ideas, mutual sharing, and other aspects of culture ( Albrow & King, 1990).” This is viewed as a sort of egalitarianism, which means “the doctrine that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities (White, 2009).”

17. ▪ Neoliberalism is essential to the overall view of globalization; It perpetuates free-market trade and re-evaluate the role of government to private sector, and free-taxation policy. Hence, it is necessary to understand the function of politics and how it relates to globalization.

18. 1. Historical Context • Merleau-Ponty (1962) suggests that one must delve deeply into history to reach the unique core of existential meaning, which emerges, ultimately, within any type of research. It is important to recognize that one has a place in history, and that one can change that place from being merely an observer and a reactionary to being in a position of power within which one can insert oneself into the historical moment to influence the course of that history

19. History is adamant on conquering other territories and assimilating their cultures at the expense of the other cultures. Most historical events are characterized by the control of power and ideologies that have influence over others. Such events are: Holocaust of World War II with the extermination of six million Jews. b. The Great Leap Forward of the Chinese Cultural Revolution c. The strife of the Khmer Rouge and Pol Pot’s Killing Fields of Cambodia.

20. The globalization trend that are currently experiencing is similar to this idea of conquest. It simply operates under different rules. Although some nations undoubtedly consider such action as expedient, the modus operandi has evolved, and brutal force is no longer required

21. ▪ Karl Marx philosophy has provided a critical analysis of the economic and political structure of society. The material production of the society is analyzed to understand how the society has developed and changed throughout history. ▪ Marx conceived of history as the "history of production" and the "history of self-estrangement," where too much labor, or "alienated labor," has led to the alienation of man from his own labor.

22. ▪ Marx’s concept of history is understood on his emphasis “class struggle” as the driving force of history. The moral implication of class struggle is his concept of “class division” which is the evil cause of self-estrangement. This must be addressed by a "class revolution" that seizes control of the economic system, eliminating class divisions in the process and allowing for the establishment of communism. ▪ His philosophy is a critical theory that examines at how the capitalist system affects human condition and aims to emancipate society through a critical examination of how material production affects both the micro and the macro levels of analysis.

23. 2. Political Context • Understanding the political components of experiences enables the evaluation of another viewpoint. Merleau-Ponty (1962) implies that everything has significance, including political issues, and that these meanings are rooted in relationship-related underlying structures.

24. • For instance, Northern American nations have shifted their economic perspectives to provide for their own food, clothes, and requirements. As a result of their abundant natural resources, these nations eventually developed an industrial economy. The focus then shifted to improving technology, particularly in the aerospace sector, with major accomplishments like the "Canada Arm," a mechanical arm that could be remotely operated and used to deploy, capture, and repair satellites. This would presumably be a benefit and a treat to other warring nations in the world.

25. 3. Postmodern Context • In this phase of globalization, postmodernity3 is viewed as “liquid society” which means it highlights “the notion of choice, or the illusion […].” It is this individualism that allows a populace to be more easily led by their peers, in the absence of trusted reference points and, as everyone knows, the peer group is not a nurturing community, but a community of competition. To this end, mass media encourages people to “think for themselves,” to be individuals, and this is concerning because, as people become less and less connected to their families and use their peer groups as references more and more, the fabric of society begins to fray. .

26. 4 . Philosophical Context • The philosophical context binds the previous contexts together to gain a deeper understanding of the complexities associated with engaging with the world as it is. It is through the philosophical context that one can contemplate those deep issues that the study of any phenomenon embodies. This context allows for the necessary introspection and thoughtfulness that may aid in delving into deeper philosophical questions of meaning. The philosophical context is the one that contrasts and compares meanings, looks for patterns, and tries to understand and grasp a meaning as it embodies and foreshadows

27. • Other functions of globalization serve to connect the populace through technology, much of which remains less than compatible with other brands of digital technology. The Metaphysics of Globalization in Heidegger Metaphysics ‘as philosophy’ is a discourse about what is meta, ‘over’ the physis; the certain beings in the world, and about what is ‘transcendent’ to those beings (Heidegger 1998, p. 93). What goes beyond the certain ‘beings in’ the world was interpreted by the tradition of metaphysical thinking as ‘the world itself’—the ‘totality’ of all beings. “‘World’ serves, here, as a name for beings in their entirety (Heidegger 2002, p. 67).”

28. • For Heidegger, the world constitutes our being as part of it, in which ourselves are constituent of the world reality. We are not separated to this world, we are for itself, the world. Thus, it creates a meaningful experience to us, the world there in. • Globalization is a world of interconnected realities of individuals. Hence, it is a world that constitutes our being for itself. There is an underlying existence that remains over period, and that is our own selves in that world. In other words, activities of the past have been transformed

29. 5. Education and Globalization Education is becoming increasingly widespread to provide worldwide learning competencies that would support the global economy. • The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) uses phrases, such as “for a vibrant economy” to normalize its policies within a culture of training rather than a culture of education.

30. • What purports to be a standardized assessment is anything but standard. Administrators, instructors, students, and parents are all feeling the strain of the never-ending battle to earn better grades to enter better schools, both public and private, and the eventual competition to gain spots in top universities and vocational colleges. This society is under extreme stress, just like many other societies throughout the globe. • Today, mental health issues are becoming endemic in our schools and institutions of higher education, as part of the rising cost of economic globalization.

31. • Students who believe they deserve the grades they think they should have frequently question professors. Additionally, there is a great deal of pressure on the students themselves to fit in as well as stand out from the crowd.

32. What are the two compelling views that undergone in the process of globalization.

33. What are the two compelling views that undergone in the process of globalization. Answer: epistemological views and structural-functionalism views

34. It emphasizes that the world is governed by people’s interrelated systems of relation and communication.

35. It emphasizes that the world is governed by people’s interrelated systems of relation and communication. Ans: Globalization

36. Globalization is conceived as blank___ which means a world of interconnected populace

37. Globalization is conceived as blank___ which means a world of interconnected populace Ans: new world state

38. It pertains to how human consciousness developed over a period, which basically informs us to trace historicity according to the development of world’s views, concepts, experiences and achievements.

39. It pertains to how human consciousness developed over a period, which basically informs us to trace historicity according to the development of world’s views, concepts, experiences and achievements. Ans: World history [of globalization]”

40. It is a significant event in history that led to a further democratic view in Europe .

41. It is a significant event in history that led to a further democratic view in Europe . Ans: Retreat of communism in 1989

42. Understanding the political components of experiences enables the evaluation of another viewpoint.

43. Understanding the political components of experiences enables the evaluation of another viewpoint. Ans: Political Context

44. In this phase of globalization, postmodernity3 is viewed as “liquid society” which means it highlights “the notion of choice, or the illusion Ans: Postmodern Context

45. Merleau-Ponty (1962) suggests that one must delve deeply into history to reach the unique core of existential meaning, which emerges, ultimately, within any type of research.

46. Merleau-Ponty (1962) suggests that one must delve deeply into history to reach the unique core of existential meaning, which emerges, ultimately, within any type of research. Ans: Historical Context

47. The philosophical context binds the previous contexts together to gain a deeper understanding of the complexities associated with engaging with the world as it is.

48. The philosophical context binds the previous contexts together to gain a deeper understanding of the complexities associated with engaging with the world as it is. Ans: Philosophical Context

49. It is becoming increasingly widespread to provide worldwide learning competencies that would support the global economy.

50. It is becoming increasingly widespread to provide worldwide learning competencies that would support the global economy. Ans: Education and Globalization Education

51. THAT'S ALL, THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!