Social group

It's a part of sociology. Specially for the nursing students.

1. SOCIAL GROUP PRESENTED BY SR. ANKITA ROY TUTOR AHF,SON

2. Man is a social animal. A completely isolated individual is purely hypothetical . In his daily life he participates in various activities of social groups. We may speak of a group of houses on a street , of trees in a forest or of buses in a bus stand. In the human field, by grouping we mean ‘any collection of human beings who are brought into social relationships with one-another’ . INTRODUCTION

3. according to Merton, three elements are must for a group : Two or more individuals. Social relationship which is the result of interaction among individuals. For individuals it is must that he/she should feel himself/herself the member of group and should have “we” feeling for that group. ELEMENTS

4. “Whenever two or more individuals come together and influence one another; they may be said to constitute a social group”. – ( Ogburn and Nimkoff ) “by group we mean any collection of human beings who are brought into social relationship with one another”. –( Maclver and Page) A social group may be define as,” two or more persons who are in communication over an appreciable period of time and who act in accordance with a common function or purpose”. –( Eldredge and Merritt) DEFINITION

5. The members of a group are interrelated to each other with reciprocal relationship. The members of a group are united by sense of unity and feeling of sympathy. The members of a group help each other and define their interests collectively. They have ‘we’ feeling and common interests. The members of a group behave in a similar way for the pursuit of common interests. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL GROUPS

6. Every group has its own rules or norms to control its members and the members are supportive to follow. The membership of a group is voluntary and involuntary. Division of labour is found within a group. CONT..

7. STRUCTURE

8. On the basis of number or size : George , S immel , J ohnson and H omans explained the small groups and large groups. They considered that small groups are important basis of society. T hey included family , kinship, locality, etc are large group. CONT..

9. 2. On the basis of permanency : there are two groups, stable and unstable. The groups which are made forever like family, kinship and educational institution are stable groups. The other groups like crowed, passengers, audience, etc. who are for short time are unstable groups. A group which is the middle of stable and unstable is quasi group. It lacks structure and organization. Social class, status group, age and sex groups are examples of quasi groups.

10. 3. On the basis of ‘we-feeling’: this classification is given by S umner in his book ‘Folkways’ in-group is also known as ‘we’ group and out group as ‘they’ group. The individuals belongs to number of groups which are in this group, the members of such groups identify themselves with one another and with the group as whole. The out group which may be formally organized or not, consists of those persons towards whom we feel a sense of indifference, avoidance , disgust, competition. CONT..

11. 4. Involuntary and voluntary group: according to Giddins and G iddins , the group which our membership is fix and we cannot change our group is an involuntary group. E.g. our family, casts, race etc. the group which we can change and it depends on our wish to be a member of that group is a voluntary group, eg . teachers group, professional group, etc. CONT..

12. 5. On the basis of desire/expectation also known as reference group: The concept of reference group was given by Hayman in 1942. later turner, Merton and sheriff elaborated it. According to Hayman there are some people some particular individuals in society whose standards or values become the ideals for other people are imitated by them. Thus in reference group, a person considers another person or group as an ideal. That group is reference for him because he wants to be like them. CONT..

13. 6. On the basis of social relationship: Cooley has classified groups into primary and secondary groups in his book ‘social organization’ 1909. though C ooley has never used the term ‘secondary group’, we just considered those groups in secondary which are not primary, Lundburg defines primary group as , “ primary group means, two or more persons behaving in relation to each other in a way that is intimate, cohesive and personal. Cooley includes family, play group and neighbourhood in primary group. CONT..

14. Secondary groups are those which do not have face to face relationship and they have competitive relationships rather than mutual. H.T Majumdur defines secondary group as , in secondary group “face to face contacts are not present in the relations of members.” CONT..

15. PRIMARY GROUP SECONDARY GROUP Small size Large size Limited number of members. Unlimited number of members Physical proximity is must. Physical proximity is not must. Stable relationship. Unstable relationship Informal and personal relationship Formal and impersonal relationship Informal primary social control. Formal secondary social control. ‘we’ feeling Lack of ‘we’ feeling Co-operation Competition Direct and face to face relationship Indirect relationship Involuntary members hip Voluntary membership. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY GROUP

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