social issues class 10 cbse mandatory project

social issues

1. SOCIAL STUDIES PROJECT ON “ SOCIAL ISSUES” BY: PRAVEEN DHINGRA CLASS: X-B

2. ALONE WE CAN DO SO LITTLE, TOGETHER WE CAN DO SO MUCH -HELEN KELLER  

3. CONTENTS CLIMATE CHANGE RACISM UNEMPLOYMENT SEXUAL ABUSE ANIMAL ABUSE CONCLUSION

4. CLIMATE CHANGE

5. Climate change is the global phenomenon of climate transformation characterized by the changes in the usual climate of the planet (regarding temperature, precipitation, and wind) that are especially caused by human activities. As a result of unbalancing the weather of Earth, the  sustainability of the planet’s  ecosystems  is under threat, as well as the future of humankind and the estability of the global economy

6. CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE HUMAN CAUSES Climate change can also be caused by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and the conversion of land for forestry and agriculture. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, these human influences on the climate system have increased substantially. In addition to other environmental impacts, these activities change the land surface and emit various substances to the atmosphere. These in turn can influence both the amount of incoming energy and the amount of outgoing energy and can have both warming and cooling effects on the climate.  The dominant product of fossil fuel combustion is carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. The overall effect of human activities since the Industrial Revolution has been a warming effect, driven primarily by emissions of carbon dioxide and enhanced by emissions of other greenhouse gases. The build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has led to an enhancement of the natural greenhouse effect.  It is this human-induced enhancement of the greenhouse effect that is of concern because ongoing emissions of greenhouse gases have the potential to warm the planet to levels that have never been experienced in the history of human civilization. Such climate change could have far-reaching and/or unpredictable environmental, social, and economic consequences. NATURAL CAUSES The Earth's climate can be affected by natural factors that are external to the climate system, such as changes in volcanic activity, solar output, and the Earth's orbit around the Sun. Of these, the two factors relevant on timescales of contemporary climate change are changes in volcanic activity and changes in solar radiation. In terms of the Earth's energy balance, these factors primarily influence the amount of incoming energy. Volcanic eruptions are episodic and have relatively short-term effects on climate. Changes in solar irradiance have contributed to climate trends over the past century but since the Industrial Revolution, the effect of additions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere has been over 50 times that of changes in the Sun's output.

7. A SHORT VIDEO FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING WE HAVE A SINGLE MISSION ;TO PROTECT AND HAND ON THE PLANET TO THE NEXT GENERATION. -FRANCOIS HOLLANDE

8. STEPS TAKEN TO CONTROL CLIMATE CRISIS 1. Reduce emissions-Use your  car less , whenever possible, instead  use sustainable transportation, such as  bicycling , or use public transportation  more often. In the case of long-distance travel,  trains are more sustainable than airplanes , which cause a great deal of the CO 2  emitted into the atmosphere. If you're into cars, remember that every kilometer that you increase your speed will considerably increase CO 2  emissions and expenses. 2. Save energy- Take a look at the labels  on your appliances, and  never leave them on  standby .  Always  adjust the thermostat  for heating and  air conditioning . By being careful how we use home appliances, we can save energy and, of course, money at the end of the month. 3. Put the 3 R's of sustainability into practice - Reduce:  consume less, more efficiently. ; Reuse:  take advantage of  second-hand markets , to give new life to items that you don't use anymore or find something that someone else has gotten rid of that you need. You'll be saving money and reducing your consumption. Bartering is also a practical solution. ; Recycle:  packaging, waste from  electronics , etc. 4. Act against forest loss- As far as possible,  avoid anything that may be a fire hazard; If you want to  buy wood, choose wood with a certification  or seal showing its sustainable origin; Plant a tree!  Throughout its life, it can absorb up to a ton of CO 2 .

9. RACISM

10. Racism is a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human racial groups determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the idea that one's own race is superior and has the right to dominate others or that a particular racial group is inferior to the others

11. EFFECTS OF RACISM IN OUR DAILY LIFE Racism causes harm to those who are on the receiving end. It hurts individuals, communities and our society at large. Studies show that experiencing racism has profound effects on people’s health and welfare. The effects can include feelings of sadness and anger, even anxiety and depression. The regular experience of racism can lead to people withdrawing from work or study, and diminish their quality of life. It can also hurt people’s freedom and dignity. Those who endure racism can be made to feel they have less freedom, or are second-class citizens. In a diverse country such as Australia, the effects of racism aren’t confined to individuals. It has the potential to affect all of us. Racial hostility creates a society where people don’t trust and respect each other. It challenges our society’s values of equality and fairness.

12. DARKNESS CANNOT DRIVE OUT DARKNESS;ONLY LIGHT CAN DO THAT. HATE CANNOT DRIVE OUT HATE; ONLY LOVE CAN DO THAT. -MARTIN LUTHER KING,JR

13. STEPS TO PREVENT RACISM   Challenge the “colour blind” ideology- It is a pervasive myth that we live in a “post-racial” society where people “don’t see colour.” Perpetuating a “colour blind” ideology  actually contributes to racism. Listen to and amplify Black voices-Pay attention to the voices of people who experience racism every day. Share their stories with your friends and family.  Call out bigotry and hate speech-There has been a disturbing increase in hate speech in the U.S. in recent years. If you see something on social media or in the newspaper that reflects prejudice, leave a comment or write a letter to the editor to let others know that intolerant remarks are unkind and uncalled for. If you overhear someone tell a racist joke, speak up and let them know that stereotyping isn't harmless. Let your children know they should feel free to speak up as well. There's nothing funny about using "humour" to normalize dangerous ideas and perpetuate ugly stereotypes.  Stand up for people being harassed — intervene if it's safe to do so If you see someone being harassed or physically attacked, it is important to help if you can do so safely. Make your presence as a witness known. Make eye contact with the person being attacked and ask if they want support. Don't escalate the situation. When the public stands in solidarity, bigots lose their power. Verbal and physical abuse is wrong and should not be tolerated. All people deserve to be treated with dignity and humanity.

14. UNEMPLOYMENT

15. Unemployment is a term referring to individuals who are employable and seeking a job but are unable to find a job. Furthermore, it is those people in the workforce or pool of people who are available for work that does not have an appropriate job. Usually measured by the unemployment rate, which is dividing the number of unemployed people by the total number of people in the workforce, unemployment serves as one of the indicators of an economy’s status.

16. THE FINAL SOLUTION OF UNEMPLOYMENT IS WORK . -CALVIN COOLIDGE

17. Causes and effects of unemployment CAUSES Unemployment is caused by various reasons that come from both the demand side, or employer, and the supply side, or the worker. From the demand side, it may be caused by high interest rates, global recession, and financial crisis. From the supply side, frictional unemployment and structural employment play a great role.   EFFECTS The impact of unemployment can be felt by both the workers and the national economy and can create a ripple effect. Unemployment causes workers to suffer financial difficulties that may lead to emotional destruction. When it happens, consumer spending, which is one of an economy’s key drivers of growth, goes down, leading to a recession or even a depression when left unaddressed. Unemployment results in lowered purchasing power, which, in turn, causes lowered profits for businesses and leads to budget cuts and workforce reductions. It creates a cycle that goes on and on and on. Everyone loses in the end.

18. SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME UNEMPLOYMENT 1. The very first solution for the unemployment is to control the rising population of our country. Government should motivate people to have small families. Indian government has started initiatives to control the population but still the population is rising. 2. The quality of Indian education should be improved. The current education system is not upto the level. Government should keep a strict watch on the education system and try to implement new ways to generate skilled labour force. Government should select a committee to look after the schools and universities. The syllabus taught is of no use to the industries so the education should be as per the current requirements of the industries. Before completing the education a practical knowledge should be given. 3. Also today’s youth should join the institute or select the course where proper training is given and the course is as per the current industries requirements. Take the course as per your interest and which will bright your future. 4. Government should encourage and develop the agriculture based industries in rural areas so that the rural candidates don’t migrate to the urban areas. More employment should be generated in rural areas for the seasonal unemployment people. 5. Rapid Industrialization should be created. 6. Development of the rural areas will stop the migration of the rural people to the urban cities and this will not put more pressure on the urban city jobs. 7. Government should allow more foreign companies to open their unit in India, so that more employment opportunities will be available.

19. SEXUAL ABUSE

20. Sexual abuse is sexual behaviour or a sexual act forced upon a woman, man or child without their consent. Sexual abuse includes abuse of a woman, man or child by a man, woman or child. Sexual abuse is an act of violence which the attacker uses against someone they perceive as weaker than them. It does not come from an uncontrollable sex drive, but is a crime committed deliberately with the goal of controlling and humiliating the victim. Most victims of sexual violence are women – a fact that reflects their social stance even today, in the 21st century, as inferior to men. Sexual violence is another means of oppressing women in a patriarchal society. Sexual violence is a social phenomenon that exists in every society that accepts aggressive behaviour and gender inequality, and Israel is among them. Thousands of women turn to the rape crisis centres for help after an attack, and the statistics show that 1 in 3 women will be sexually abused during their lifetime.

21. NEVER BE BULLIED INTO SILENCE. NEVER ALLOW YOURSELF TO BE MADE A VICTIM. -HARVEY FIERSTEIN

22. CAUSES OF SEXUAL ABUSE There are many different theories explaining the  causes of sexual violence . The theories that will be discussed in this article include : military conquest Socioeconomics Anger Sadism Power Traits Ethical standards Laws Evolutionary pressures That lend some explanation to the cause of sexual violence (such as rape , molestation , sexual harassment , stalking , etc.

23. Effects of sexual abuse self harm- Deliberate self-harm, or self-injury, is when a person inflicts physical harm on himself or herself, usually in secret. Sexually transmitted infections- A sexually transmitted infection (STI) is a bacterial or viral infection passed from one person to another through vaginal, anal, or oral contact. Substance abuse  - If you are concerned that you’re using substances in a way that could be harmful to your health or have concerns for someone you care about, consider learning more about the warning signs and places to find support. Dissociation  - Dissociation is one of the many defense mechanisms the brain can use to cope with the trauma of sexual violence. Panic attacks  - A panic attack is a sudden feeling of intense fear and anxiety that happens in situations when there may be no immediate danger. They tend to affect people who have experienced trauma, abuse, or high levels of stress. Eating disorders - Sexual violence can affect survivors in many ways, including perceptions of the body and feelings of control. Pregnancy - If you were recently raped, you may have concerns about becoming pregnant from the attack. Sleep disorders - Symptoms of sleep disorders can include trouble falling or staying asleep, sleeping at unusual times of day, or sleeping for longer or shorter than usual. suicide - Suicide is preventable and suicidal thoughts aren’t permanent. If you are thinking about suicide, there are resources to give you the support you need to get through this tough time. Adult survivors of child sexual abuse  - Many perpetrators of sexual abuse are in a position of trust or responsible for the child’s care, such as a family member, teacher, clergy member, or coach.

24. Steps to prevent sexual abuse Steps You Can Take to Prevent Sexual Abuse - When you see something that doesn’t seem right, there are simple ways to step in and help a friend. Your Role in Preventing Sexual Abuse  - Whether it’s giving someone a safe ride home from a party or diverting a person who is engaging in uncomfortable behaviour, anyone can help prevent sexual violence.

25. Animal abuse

26. Animal abuse has a strong connection to domestic violence. Victim’s dogs and cats are often used by abusers as pawns to manipulate and control them. In an abusive home, a companion animal may serve as a lone confidant for an abused woman or child and, by abusing the animal, an abuser takes advantage of the victim’s concern for his or her animal. Abusers may threaten or abuse animals in front of children and partners to keep them from reporting abuse or leaving. By hurting the animals, an abuser is sending the message that a human victim could be next.

27. WE HAVE MORE TO LEARN FROM ANIMAL THAN ANIMALS HAVE TO LEARN FROM US. -ANTHONY DOUGLAS WILLIAMS

28. CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF ANIMAL ABUSE CAUSES Several reasons cause people to be cruel to animals today. First of all, commercial motives should be mentioned as the desire to maximize profit from farming leads to animal exploitation, such as factory farming. Testing products on animals is also a step in pursuit of commercial goals. Entertaining shows with animals, such as circuses or bullfighting, were initially present in many cultures. However, the main reason that they are still present despite the modern-day awareness is that they bring money. Secondly, ignorance and indifference are the reasons that mostly cause violence towards pets. Some people use cruel types of training or inhumane procedures such as declawing of cats without knowing that they hurt their pets. Other people do not care about pets and neglect them. For example, they can leave a cat or a dog at home alone for several days without food and water, or leave them freezing outside at night. Irresponsible treatment is illegal and should be punished, but such cases are rarely reported. EFFECTS Indifference and ignorance of pets can have disastrous outcomes for them, as in the result of such treatment, many of them die, starve or become abandoned. Children, raised in families where cruelty to animals is tolerated, have the perception that it is a norm and are likely to continue this tradition. As a result of abandonment, cities are flooded with stray animals, which negatively influence the welfare of residents.

29. SOLUTIONS TO ANIMAL ABUSE Be a responsible pet owner. Know about and fulfil the needs of your pet. Don’t just concern yourself with basic needs – give your pet positive experiences that really enhance its well-being. Intervene if you witness animal cruelty, abuse or neglect. Do what you can to stop someone from mistreating an animal. However, be sensible and don’t put yourself in danger. If necessary, seek help from other witnesses. Shelter an animal in need. You can be the helping hand that an animal need. An animal that has been mistreated needs support, sometimes immediately. You can make a real difference by taking an animal out of a harmful situation. Educate people around you about the issue. Help people to understand that they can intervene in situations where animals are being neglected or even tormented. Animals have a right to live without fear or pain, and we have a responsibility to step in if their rights aren’t respected. Demand stricter laws for the protection of animals. Stronger animal welfare laws and harsher penalties will lead to fewer cruelty cases. respected.

30. conclusion Social problems can be solved by society itself. These issues serve as a barrier to the progress of society, and hence we should strive together to end them. If we do not unite against them, then these social issues will continue to rise. It can be solved only by mass awareness, education, humanity, and  positive attitude.

31. Thank You