Social-Realities-Presentation for social work

Notes for Social Work

1. REALITY The state of things as they actually exits, rather than they may appear or might be imagined Includes everything that is and has been, whether or not it is observable or comprehensible Includes that which has existed Totality of all things, structures, events, and phenomena whether observable or not It is what a world view (individual or shared human experiences) ultimately attempts to describe or map.

2. SOCIAL REALITIES

3. SOCIAL PROBLEMS Problems with a particular area or group of people in the world General factors that affect and damage society Affects how people react to certain situations. Involve problems that affect real life.

4. SO, HOW DO YOU REACT TO THIS ISSUE? 9 , 12 or 13? Duterte to let Congress decide on lower age of criminal liability?

5. Theories of Social Problems (these perspectives look at the same social problems, but they do so in different ways)   A S S U M P T I O N

6. Theories of Social Problems (these perspectives look at the same social problems, but they do so in different ways)   A S S U M P T I O N

7. Theories of Social Problems (these perspectives look at the same social problems, but they do so in different ways)   V I E W S O F S O C I A L P R O B L E M S

8. Theories of Social Problems (these perspectives look at the same social problems, but they do so in different ways)  

9. Theories of Social Problems (these perspectives look at the same social problems, but they do so in different ways)   (For example, crime is a major social problem, but it is also good for the economy because it creates hundreds of thousands of jobs in law enforcement, courts and corrections, home security, and other sectors of the economy whose major role is to deal with crime).

10. Theories of Social Problems (these perspectives look at the same social problems, but they do so in different ways)   CONFLICT THEORY – every society is divided into two classes based on the ownership of the means of production (tools, factories, and the like). C A P I T A L I S T S O C I E T Y Main goal of capitalism, the bourgeoisie’s interest lies in maximizing profit. Interest lies in rising up from the bottom and overthrowing the bourgeoisie to create an egalitarian society.

11. Theories of Social Problems (these perspectives look at the same social problems, but they do so in different ways)  

12. Theories of Social Problems (these perspectives look at the same social problems, but they do so in different ways)   Conflict theory favors social change to reduce inequality.

13. Theories of Social Problems (these perspectives look at the same social problems, but they do so in different ways)   feel that people do not merely learn the roles that society has set out for them; they construct these roles as they interact

14. POVERTY A social condition that is characterized by the lack of resources necessary for basic survival or necessary to meet a certain minimum level of living standards expected for the place where one lives.

15. UNITED NATIONS WORLD BANK The inability of getting choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. Means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. Means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. Means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. Means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living in marginal or fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation. Deprivation in well-being, and comprise many dimensions. It includes low income and the inability to acquire the basic goods and services necessary for survival with dignity. Also encompasses low levels of health and education, poor access to clean water and sanitation, inadequate physical security, lack of voice, and insufficient capacity and opportunity to better one’s life. POVERTY DEFINED….

16. POVERTY IN THREE SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES

17. POVERTY IN THREE SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES

18. POVERTY IN THREE SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES

19. Functionalist viewpoint: “the poor play an important role in society ” Interactionist viewpoint “being poor is a way of life” Conflict viewpoint: “the poor are the oppressed members of society”

20. TYPES OF POVERTY

21. Non-Monetary Aspects/ Approaches/ Dimensions/ Indicators of Poverty Life expectancy Death rate Birth rate Child mortality Infant mortality Access to services Diet Diet Human Development Index Human Development Index Health Housing Political Freedom Security and safety

22. WHAT CAUSES POVERTY? Slowed down economic progress Rise of unmanaged population growth Inflation Lack of research on poverty and the effective policies Corruption Vulnerability to natural disasters Weakness in employment generation High and persistent levels of inequality

23. Globalization   process of  interaction and integration among people, companies , and governments   worldwide. Globalization is primarily an economic process of interaction and integration that's associated with social and cultural aspects.

24. In theory, is essentially about making trade between nations easier It is about freer movement of goods, resources and enterprise in a bid to always find cheaper resources to maximize profits and efficiency

25. The neo-liberal economic paradigm gives precedence on exclusive growth over development and numbers over people. Neo-liberalism meant extreme libertarianism for select captains of industry, unrestricted liberalization or opening of local markets to foreign products, privatization of government functions and deregulation or removal of any restriction/condition on gargantuan business enterprise. For neo-liberals, humanity is either a commodity or a consumer while society is nothing but a vast market place. Globalization and Neoliberalism: Implications to Philippine Realities

26. The only thing that matters for neo-liberals is the measure of the Gross Domestic Product. For them the GDP is the only economic measure that matters. Growth is more important than development, numbers than people. Globalization and Neoliberalism: Implications to Philippine Realities

27. Neo-liberalism favors wealth and the powerful not the poor , deprived and oppressed. It is not about the art of living and living well or about common good. It is about acquisition of wealth, money, power and strengthening of individuality Globalization and Neoliberalism: Implications to Philippine Realities

28. WOMEN Definition (Philippine Encyclopedia of Social Work) •Filipino Women are in more difficult circumstances than men. •They are disadvantage due to prevalent sex-role stereotypes resulting in lesser economic and political opportunities. •They are more vulnerable to sexual violence, harassment, and lack control over their situations. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens

29. WOMEN Types of Women in Philippine Society • Elderly Women • Solo Parents • Women with Disabilities • Prostitutes • Women Victims of Disaster • Victims of Sexual and Physical Abuse Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens

30. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens ELDERLY Characteristics Problems •65 years or over •More population than elderly men because of women’s longer life expectancy •1.1 million women over 950,000 men •The Filipino family remains the main source of support for the elderly •They have special needs and problems •Problem of loss or decrease in income due to retirement •Health problems because of aging •Emotional and social problems such as feelings of loneliness, neglect and worthlessness •Loss of contemporaries and peers •Lack of adequate and affordable health services

31. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens SOLO PARENTS Characteristics Problems •Unwed mothers Widows separated abandoned wives •Financial problems in supporting themselves and their children •Pressure of exercising parental discipline •They have to deal with the pain and loneliness resulting from death, separation or abandonment •The stigma and stereotypes attached to separated and unwed mothers

32. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES Characteristics Problems •Women who experience restrictions in their activities due to physical or mental impairment •Women who are blind or partially-sighted, deaf or hearing impaired, orthopedically handicapped, mute or who have speech impairment, and those who have mental disabilities •Problems of economic and social dependency •Accessibility •Societal stigma and discrimination against them •Vulnerability to sexual harassment and sexual abuse including rape

33. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens PROSTITUTION Characteristics Problems •Prostitution: viewed as a product of the scarcity of economic options for women combined with the prevailing sexual ideology that defines women’s role in satisfying the sexual needs of men •Women involved in sex in exchange for money •Vulnerable to abuse from their male clients, handlers (pimps) and by the police •Susceptible to sexually transmitted diseases including AIDS •Become solo parents responsible for the economic upkeep and care of their children

34. WOMEN VICTIMS OF DISASTERS Characteristics Problems •The poor, especially the women, are vulnerable to the damaging effects of natural disasters (earthquakes, drought, flash floods, typhoons, and volcanic eruptions) because of their lack of assets and resources •They cope with relocation in evacuation centers and resettlement areas •They experienced psychosocial trauma Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens

35. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN Characteristics Problems United Nations Commission on the Status of Women defines Violence Against Women as: •Any act of gender-based violence that results, or is likely to result, in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women including threats of such acts, coercion, or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life •Suffer immense trauma that make it difficult, if not, impossible for them to cope with daily living •Feelings of shame, self-blame, guilt, fear, and loss of self-confidence that would result to lose out in opportunities such as education, career advancement, social interaction and other chances for human development.

36. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens BATTERED WOMAN Characteristics Problems •refers to an adult female who has been physically, sexually, and/or emotionally abused by a spouse or intimate partner •This type of abuse is common and results in many serious injuries and deaths •The vast majority of the abusers are men and the abuse occur most often within a heterosexual relationship. Forms of abuse: Physical violence Sexual violence Psychological violence Economic abuse

37. PHYSICAL VIOLENCE: acts that inflict bodily harm Examples: battering – slapping, hitting with the fist or object, pushing or shoving, chocking (bracing), punching, kicking Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens

38. SEXUAL VIOLANCE: acts that use threats, intimidation, physical force, position of authority, thereby imposing one’s sexual desires on the woman/girl and forcibly seeking sexual gratification Examples: prostitution, rape, *sexual harassment, *acts of lasciviousness, treatment as ‘sex objects’, ‘making demeaning and sexually suggestive remarks’, physical attacks on the sexual parts of the woman’s/girl’s body, forcing the woman/girl to watch indecent shows, read obscene publications, and/or make films thereof. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens

39. *Acts of Lasciviousness VS *Sexual Harassment Acts of Lasciviousness – or lewdness Committed against a person of either sex Under one of these four circumstances By using force or intimidation When the offended party is deprived of reason or otherwise unconscious By means of fraudulent machination or grave abuse of authority When the offended party is under 12 years of age or is demented Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens

40. *Acts of Lasciviousness VS *Sexual Harassment Sexual Harassment Forms of sexual harassment in the employment, education or training environment. Has been committed if: An employer, employee, manager, supervisor, agent of the employer, teacher, instructor, professor, coach, trainor , or any other person who has authority or moral ascendancy over the offended party In a work or training or education environment Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens

41. 3. demands, requests or requires any sexual favour from the other 4. Regardless or whether the demand, request or requirement for submission is accepted Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens

42. PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE: acts that bring about emotional and menta l anguish/suffering Examples: intimidation, harassment, stalking, public ridicule, treatment, threats to harm the woman/girl and or people she loves, verbal abuse, infidelity, withdrawal of affection, damage to property, ‘causing or allowing the victim to witness the physical, sexual or psychological abuse of a member of the family to which the victim belongs, or to witness pornography in any form or to witness abusive injury to pets or unlawful or unwanted deprivation of the rights to custody and/or visitation of common children. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens

43. ECONOMIC ABUSE: acts that make or attempt to make a woman financially dependent Examples: preventing the woman from engaging in any legitimate source of income, ‘deprivation or threat of deprivation of financial resources and the right to use and enjoyment of the conjugal, community or property owned in common, ‘controlling the victims’ own money or properties or solely controlling the conjugal money or properties. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens

44. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens WOMEN Kinds of oppression that keep women in disadvantage position: 1. Structural discrimination – women are less likely than men to be emotionally fulfilled and to achieve sexual satisfaction ; their ability to control conception and birth is threatened or restricted ; inequality of opportunity in education and limited access to meaningful jobs and careers. 2. Cultural discrimination – the inferiority of women imbedded into norms and beliefs of society by means of language , socialization processes and cultural stereotyping .

45. WOMEN 3. Role strain – created by marriages and motherhood in the procreative family . Women suffered legal, economic, social and psychological harm. 4. Sexual exploitation – both inside and outside of the family – threatened by the double-standard in sex favouring men; sexual harassment, violence in the form of abuse and rape. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens

46. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens: CHILDREN Who is a Child? Convention on the Rights of the Child A child is every human being below the age of 18 years unless, national laws recognize the age of majority earlier (CRC, article 1) PD 603, “Child and Youth Welfare Code” The code defines ‘child’ and ‘youth’ and their rights and entitlements including services that should be provided for their wholesome development.

47. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens: CHILDREN International Instrument on the Rights of the Child: United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UN-CRC) - adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1989 and ratified by the Philippine Senate in July 1990, the UN-CRC is an international treaty that recognizes the human rights of children, defined as persons up to the age of 18 years .

48. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens: CHILDREN UN-CRC establishes in international law that State Parties must ensure that all children – without discrimination in any form – benefit from special protection measures and assistance , have access to services such as education and health care , can develop their personalities, abilities and talents to the fullest extent possible . defines the comprehensive sets of rights that ALL children must enjoy.

49. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens: CHILDREN The New Vision of the Child in the Convention 1. Children are neither the property of their parents nor they are they helpless objects of charity . They are human beings and are subject on their own rights. 2. The child is an individual and a member of a family and a community, with rights and responsibilities appropriate to his/her age and stage of development.

50. CHILDREN The New Vision of the Child in the Convention 3 . Recognizing children’s rights in this way firmly sets a focus on the whole child. 4. The child’s needs have become legally binding rights . No longer a passive recipient of benefits , children are now seen as subjects or holders of rights. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

51. CHILDREN ‘Foundation Principles’ of the Convention 1. Non-discrimination – means that all children have the same right to develop their potential— all children, in all situations , all of the time, everywhere . 2. Best interests of the child – must be a primary consideration in all actions and decisions concerning him/her, and must be used to resolve confusion between different rights. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

52. CHILDREN 3. Right to survival and development – underscores the vital importance of ensuring access to basic services and to equity of opportunity for children to achieve their full development. 4. Views of the child – mean that the voice of children must be heard and respected in all matters concerning their rights . Countries must promote children’s active, free and meaningful participation in decision-making that affects them. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

53. CHILDREN 4 Broad Categories of Child Rights 1. Survival rights – cover a child’s right to life and the need that are most basic to existence . It starts from the time of conception . Upon birth, every child should enjoin the basic right to health and nutrition. 2. Development rights – include what children require to reach their fullest potential. It encompasses freedom of thought, conscience and religion, access to appropriate information and the right to education, leisure, recreation and cultural activities. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

54. CHILDREN 4 Broad Categories of Child Rights 3. Protection rights – recognizes the vulnerability of children by preserving their identity and nationality as well as providing safeguards against abuse, neglect, child labor , drug abuse, sexual exploitation, and sale and trafficking, torture and deprivation of liberty and armed conflict. 4. Participation rights – allow children to take an active role in their communities and nations. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

55. CHILDREN Basic Rights of the Child 1. To be born. To have a name and nationality. 2. To be free. To have a family who will take care of me. 3. To have a good education. 4. To develop my potentials. 5. To have enough food, shelter, a healthy and active body Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

56. CHILDREN Basic Rights of the Child 6. To be given the opportunity for play and leisure. 7. To be given protection against abuse, danger and violence brought by war and conflict. 8. To live in a peaceful community. 9. To be defended and assisted by the government. 10. To be able to express own views. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

57. CHILDREN PD 603 “The Child and Youth Welfare Code” - Defines children as those who are below 18 years of age, or those over 18 year old but are unable to fully take care of themselves or protect themselves from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination because of a physical or mental disability or condition Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

58. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens: CHILDREN Categories of Children: Dependent, abandoned and neglected children Mentally retarded, physically handicapped, emotionally disturbed and mentally ill-children Youthful Offenders

59. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens: CHILDREN Dependent children – without parents, guardian, or custodian, or with parents but desire to be relieved of custodial responsibilities. This makes the children dependent upon the public for support.

60. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens: CHILDREN Abandoned children – there is no proper parental care or guardianship. Child is deserted for at least six continuous months. A declaration of abandonment issued by the court is required before any children may be considered for adoption.

61. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens: CHILDREN Neglected children – the basic needs of the child have been deliberately or inadequately unattended. Neglect may be physical as when a child is malnourished or without proper shelter, or emotional as when he is maltreated, raped, exploited.

62. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens: CHILDREN Youthful Offenders – over 9 years but below 18 years old at the time of the commission of the offense . A child, 9 years old and below, is exempt from criminal liability and shall be committed to the care of his/her parents or relative subject to the supervision of the court .

63. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens: CHILDREN Issues Affecting Children: 1. Child Abuse – refers to maltreatment, whether habitual or not of the child which includes any of the following; Psychological and physical abuse, neglect, cruelty, sexual abuse and emotional maltreatment Acts by deeds or words which degrade or demean the worth and dignity of a child

64. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens: CHILDREN Issues Affecting Children: c. Unreasonable deprivation of his basic needs for survival d. Failure to immediately give medical treatment leading to the serious impairment of the child.

65. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens: CHILDREN Manifestations of Child Abuse: Child prostitution and other forms of sexual abuse – child prostitute is a person, male or female, below the legal age, who indulges in sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct for money or any other consideration or due to the coercion or influence of adults or syndicates.

66. CHILDREN Manifestations of Child Abuse: Child Labor – the employment of children below 15 years of age, where they are not under the sole responsibility of their parents or legal guardian or where their work endangers their life, safety, health, and morals or impairs their normal development including their schooling. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

67. CHILDREN Manifestations of Child Abuse: Child Labor – includes the situation of children below18 years of age who are employed in hazardous occupations that hinder their physical, intellectual, and moral development, pose nutritional and health hazards, prevent children from getting quality education, deprive them of their rights and, prejudice their future. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

68. CHILDREN Manifestations of Child Abuse: Child Labor Examples: Mining, deep sea fishing, production processes involved in textile, pyrotechnics and semi-conductor industries, bartending, hospitality work Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

69. CHILDREN Manifestations of Child Abuse: Child Trafficking – trading and dealing with children including but not limited to the act of buying and selling of a child for money or for any other consideration, or barter Children in situation of armed conflict – this situation makes children the victims or casualties , either caught in the crossfire between military and the rebels or their families are combatant Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

70. CHILDREN Manifestations of Child Abuse: Inducement or coercion of a child to perform in obscene publication, exhibitions and indecent shows – related to this is the employment of children as models in advertisements promoting alcoholic beverages, intoxicating drinks Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

71. CHILDREN Manifestations of Child Abuse: Malnutrition – a disorder that results when the body receives too little food, too much food or food lacking in necessary nutrients, or when there is improper utilization of food in the body. - Mostly affected: toddlers and pre-schoolers aged 1 to 6 years old, pregnant and lactating mothers Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

72. CHILDREN Manifestations of Child Abuse: Malnutrition – Immediate Causes: Inadequate food intake and the presence of disease, inadequate maternal and child care which deprives the mother and the child of proper nutritional care, insufficient health services, unhealthy environment Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

73. CHILDREN Other Issues Related to children: 2. Drug Dependence – condition/state of physical or psychological dependence or both on a dangerous drug arising in a person following administration or use of that drug on a periodic or continuous basis. (RA 6425 as amended, Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972) - The effect of drug addiction is detrimental to both individual and society. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

74. CHILDREN Other Issues Related to children: 2. Drug Dependence – factors that contribute to a minor’s taking of drugs are pressures from friends, curiosity and the desire to overcome feelings of inadequacy. - ill effects include physical and psychological dependence, malnutrition and other medical problems like skin infection and infectious diseases Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

75. CHILDREN Other Issues Related to children: 3. Abortion – refers to the wilful killing of the fetus in the uterus or the violent expulsion of the fetus from the maternal womb which results in the death of the fetus . - It is illegal in the Philippines the commission of which is penalized under Art. 256 of the Revised Penal Code. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

76. CHILDREN Other Issues Related to children: 3. Abortion – is to be distinguished from infanticide. Infanticide – killing of any child less than three years old, whether the killer is the mother or grandparent or relative of the child, or a stranger. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

77. CHILDREN Other Issues Related to children: 4. Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL) – referred to as minor or youthful offenders , they are children, usually youth age , who have committed some infractions against the law. - PD 603 and the RA 9344 prescribes offenses sanctions like commitment to an institution for rehabilitation, release, or diversion program depending on the nature of offense and the age of the child at the time of the commission of the crime. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

78. CHILDREN Other Issues Related to children: 5. Out-of-School Youth – for reason of poverty or plain disinterest in school for whatever reason, these are youth who may have started basic education but stopped and instead find work to help the family with its economic needs. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

79. ELDERLY Senior Citizens – refers to any resident of the Philippines at least 60 years old, including those who have retired from both government and private offices, and has an income of not more than P60, 000.00 per year subject to NEDA (National Economic and Development Authority) review every 3 years. (R.A. 7432) Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

80. ELDERLY Problems and Issues: Lack of or no insurance or security for old age – those who had the chance to work during their prime years are protected by their pension from either SSS or GSIS, however, this is totally lacking among their counterparts in the rural areas like the farmers and the fisherfolk . Neglect or even abandonment – by their own families finding involuntary refuge in the home for the aged. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

81. ELDERLY Problems and Issues: 3. Inaccessibility of public and private facilities or lack of facilities and other services to meet the needs of the growing number of senior citizens who find themselves without a home. 4. Physical, verbal and economic abuse and the effects of growing old – declining health, loneliness, feeling of usefulness. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

82. PERSONS WITH DISABILITY (the less able persons) Usually referred to as disabled persons or people with disabilities. The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps of the World Health Organization (WHO) defines the following terms to avoid misconceptions. a.) Impairment – any loss or abnormality or psychological or anatomical structure or function. Examples: blindness, loss of sight, paralysis, mental retardation Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

83. PERSONS WITH DISABILITY (the less able persons) b .) Disability – any restriction or lack ( resulting from impairment ) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being Examples: difficulty in seeing, speaking, hearing, reaching Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

84. PERSONS WITH DISABILITY (the less able persons) c.) Handicap – a disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or disability , that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is normal depending on age, sex, and social and cultural factors for that individual. Examples: bedridden, underemployed, confined to home, not working Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

85. PERSONS WITH DISABILITY (the less able persons) 2 Most Common Issues: a.) Unemployment – defined as a situation in which persons desiring to work cannot find one; involuntary idleness on the part of those who have failed to find employment or who have lost their jobs but are able to work and are looking for one. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

86. PERSONS WITH DISABILITY (the less able persons) 2 Most Common Issues: b.) Discrimination – an act of making or perceiving differences and distinctions usually with a color or partiality or prejudice. The less able persons usually find themselves victims of discrimination in the fields of employment, health, and auxiliary services. Public and private facilities are often not accessible to them. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

87. Fast Facts: What PWDs are entitle to? hotels and similar lodging establishments, restaurants and recreation centers theaters , cinema houses, concert halls, circuses, carnivals and other similar places of culture, leisure and amusement medicines in all drugstores medical and dental services, including diagnostic and laboratory fees, in all government facilities (subject to guidelines to be issued by DOH in coordination with PhilHealth WORKING WITH PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (PWDs)

88. medical and dental services, including diagnostic and laboratory fees, and professional fees of attending doctors in all private hospitals and medical facilities (in accordance with the rules and regulations to be issued by DOH in coordination with PhilHealth ) domestic air and sea travel public railways and bus fare skyways and expressways toll fees (for PWD owning a vehicle) WORKING WITH PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (PWDs)

89. Employment opportunities: all government agencies, offices or corporations shall reserve at least 1% of all positions for PWDs private corporations with more than 100 employees are encouraged to reserve at least 1% of all positions for PWDs WORKING WITH PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (PWDs)

90. Other privileges: express lanes in all commercial and government establishments accessible biometrics registration and voting precincts designated PWD-friendly public attorneys WORKING WITH PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (PWDs)

91. educational assistance to pursue primary, secondary, tertiary, post tertiary, as well as vocational or technical education in both public and private schools protection against verbal and non-verbal ridicule and vilification P15,000 worth of benefits to qualified PhilHealth members or dependents in need of lower limb prosthesis establishment of a Persons with Disability Affairs Office (PDAO) in every province, city and municipality accessible website of all government agencies WORKING WITH PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (PWDs)

92. Inspiring People with Disability (PWD) A radio journalist for almost a decade now, Ronnel del Rio first became known in 1996 because of his radio program, “Good Morning Southern Luzon.” President of the Philippine Chamber of Massage Industry for Visually Impaired, is part of the Philippine Coalition on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

93. Inspiring People with Disability (PWD) Board member of the Philippine Mental Health Association, president of the Federation of Disabled Persons in Lipa , and is the chief executive officer of Punlaka — a PWD advocacy group based in Region IV. Works as a Housing and Homesite Regulatory Affairs Officer for the government of Batangas .  First blind person to earn a Master’s degree in the Philippines, having studied Management Technology in De La Salle University in 2003.

94. Inspiring People with Disability (PWD) Deaf since she was born, Ana’s hearing disability didn’t stop her from unstoppable yearning to learn. She was awarded class valedictorian at the Philippine School for the Deaf  In 2009, she graduated magna cum laude from the De La Salle – College of Saint Benilde (CSB) with a degree in Applied Deaf studies.

95. Inspiring People with Disability (PWD) She earned her MA in Deaf Studies from the Gallaudet University, Washington D.C., one of the world’s most prominent universities in the field of deaf studies. the first Filipino to be sent to Gallaudet University with a World Deaf Leadership Scholarship.  

96. Inspiring People with Disability (PWD) Andrea Bocelli , Italian classical tenor, recording artist, and singer-songwriter, Born with poor eyesight, he became permanently blind at the age of 12 following a footbal accident..

97. PEASANTS Rural counterpart of the urban poor. Consist of small farmers, fisher folks, farmworkers, and others engaged in similar occupations. “Farmer ” - Natural person whose primary livelihood is cultivation of land or the production of agricultural crops , either by himself or primarily with the assistance of his immediate farm household , whether the land is owned by him, or by another person under a leasehold or share tenancy agreement or arrangement with the owner thereof. (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law) Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

98. PEASANTS “Farmworker ” – a natural person who renders service for value as an employee or labourer in an agricultural enterprise or farm regardless of whether his compensation is paid on a daily, weekly, monthly or “ pakyaw ” basis. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

99. PEASANTS Important Issues/Concerns faced by the rural poor: 1. Agrarian Dispute – refers to any controversy relating to tenurial arrangements, whether leasehold, tenancy, etc., over and devoted to agriculture, including disputes concerning farmworkers associations or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing or seeking to arrange terms or conditions of such tenurial arrangements. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

100. PEASANTS Important Issues/Concerns faced by the rural poor: 2. Condition of Landlessness – the farmers and fisherfolk have not really been benefited fully to say that they have become land owners themselves. - a farmer is considered landless if he owns less than 3 hectares of agricultural land. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

101. PEASANTS Important Issues/Concerns faced by the rural poor: 3. Extreme Poverty – poverty forces the farmers to borrow money from other persons, or even from the bank, leaving the farmers indebted and often unable to pay the same considering the high interest rates in the lending program of the banks or the interests imposed by private lenders. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

102. PEASANTS Important Issues/Concerns faced by the rural poor: 4. Land use conversion 5. Environmental decay that limits production 6. High cost of production that makes local products less competitive in the market 7. Inadequate rural infrastructure like roads to market, post harvest facilities, irrigation 8. Natural disasters Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

103. URBAN POOR Compose the socially and economically disadvantage families who find themselves living in the slum areas of the metropolis. More popularly known as “squatters” Often migrants from the rural areas who have ventured to look for jobs in the city. Find themselves and their families often without a job, or employed in manual low-paying jobs. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

104. URBAN POOR Most Common Problems/Issues : 1. Elusive dream of gainful employment characterized by unemployment and underemployment. Unemploymen t - situation in which persons desiring to work cannot find jobs. Causes: Increased population Automation Recession No security of tenure for casual employees Seasonal demand for certain goods and services Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

105. URBAN POOR Underemployment – situation whereby a person works at something which is less than that which he is capable of . In other words, his current employment does not make use of his previous training, education and acquired expertise. Most Common Causes: Large number of graduates in several courses that could not be accommodated in the labor field fitted to them Dwindling economy that doesn’t provide professionals adequate employment opportunities fitted to their training and skills. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

106. URBAN POOR Most Common Problems/Issues : 2. Acute Housing Problem – this phenomenon is accompanied by squatting. “ Squatting ” – the unlawful entry of persons or families into the property (private or public) of another, building their houses on said property, without the owner’s permit. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

107. URBAN POOR Most Common Problems/Issues : 3. Economic Deprivation – (used interchangeably with poverty ) characterized by the inability of families to meet their basic needs mainly due to very low income vis-à-vis high prices of basic goods and services. - one major result of this is the lower life expectancy or a growing mortality rate among the poor. 4. Forced Eviction and Distant Relocation Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

108. URBAN POOR Most Common Problems/Issues : 5.Family Disintegration - characterized by physical dissolution and total disbanding of family ties as a result of desertion, separation, infidelity of one spouse or both. 6. Lack of access to basic services. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

109. CULTURAL COMMUNITIES Group of people who have maintained a distinct identity and autonomy from the rest of the country, sharing a deep regard for their ancestral land. 2 important aspects of indigenous people’s lives: Roots Distinct characteristics Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

110. CULTURAL COMMUNITIES They may be seen in: Cordillera ( Bontoc , Kalinga , Ibaloi , Isneg ) Central Luzon ( Aetas ) Southern Luzon including Mindoro and Palawan ( Agta , Dumagat , Mangyans , Batak , Tag- banua , Cuyonin ) Visayas ( Ati , Mamanwa ) Mindanao ( Subanen , Manobo, B’laan , T’boli , Higaonon ) Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

111. CULTURAL COMMUNITIES Issues: 1. Ethnocidal Land Policy – The UN’s Universal Declaration of Indigenous People’s Rights describes ETHNOCIDE as any act which has the aim or effect of depriving indigenous people of their ethnic characteristics or cultural identity or any propaganda derogatory to their dignity and diversity . Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

112. CULTURAL COMMUNITIES Issues: 2. Militarization – known as the government’s “total war” policy and is the most obvious violator of the indigenous people’s right to their land and life . - characterized by the presence of military which often results in the evacuation of the people on the guise of a nationwide campaign against the rebels who are allegedly in the area. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

113. CULTURAL COMMUNITIES Issues: 3. Discrimination 4. Dislocation or dispossession of their ancestral domain coupled by environment degradation 5. Lack of basic services in health and nutrition 6. Lack of economic resources Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

114. VICTIMS OF MANMADE AND NATURALLY-CAUSED DISASTERS They are referred to as distressed/displaced individuals, families or communities who find themselves victims of natural disasters and are thus unable to cope with such emergencies either financially, materially, or psychologically ( anxiety, shock as a result of the disasters ) Often found in evacuation centers or in their own homes with their main source of livelihood partially or totally lost, and a member or some members of their families injured, ill, dead. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

115. VICTIMS OF MANMADE AND NATURALLY-CAUSED DISASTERS More urgent problems: Family dislocation/displacement Loss of lives and property Acute housing problem Survival and other forms of economic deprivation which result in the disruption of normal course of life (livelihood, education, family and community life) Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

116. VICTIMS OF MANMADE AND NATURALLY-CAUSED DISASTERS More urgent problems: 5. illness, physical and psychological injury/trauma 6. Changes in the value system 7. Separated and unaccompanied children during their disasters expose children and women to trafficking, prostitution, rape and other forms of sexual molestation even in the evacuation centers . Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

117. VICTIMS OF MANMADE AND NATURALLY-CAUSED DISASTERS More urgent problems: 8. Older people are left alone to fend for themselves, exposed to the harsh elements of the environment that leads to illness. Add to these is the inability of the national and local government units to respond with immediacy, or even with the response resources are usually wanting. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

118. FILIPINO FAMILY: OVERSEAS CONTRACT (FILIPINO) WORKERS/OFW Used interchangeably with migrant workers Refers to persons who are about to engage, is engaged or has been engaged in any remunerative activity/work in a state in which they are not legal residents . The increasing number of Filipino OCWs has undeniably brought some economic benefits to the country. However, it also exposed Filipino migrant workers to the dangers of being exploited, abused, and unprotected in foreign country. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

119. FILIPINO FAMILY: OVERSEAS CONTRACT (FILIPINO) WORKERS/OFW On-site Issues: Pain of separation from their families Loneliness they experience while on foreign land Suffer debasement as they become victims of physical, verbal and sexual abuse, substandard working conditions, low pay high risk jobs, lack of freedom in the exercise of their religion and similar discriminatory acts. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

120. FILIPINO FAMILY: OVERSEAS CONTRACT (FILIPINO) WORKERS/OFW On-site Issues: 4. Concomitant problem – phenomenon of solo parent that imposes dual parenting responsibility on the part of the spouse who is left behind while the other works. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

121. FILIPINO FAMILY: OVERSEAS CONTRACT (FILIPINO) WORKERS/OFW Prior (Pre-employment): High placement fees (OFW is force to borrow money at a very high interest) Victims of illegal recruitment, misinformation and misrepresentations of facts as stipulated in the contract Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens:

122. FILIPINO FAMILY: OVERSEAS CONTRACT (FILIPINO) WORKERS/OFW Post employment problems: Unpaid debts if the OFW has to come home even before finishing his contract Broken family with the infidelity of one spouse during the separation Stigma created by the unwholesome experiences while on site. Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens: