SOCIAL REFORM MOVEMENT IN INDIA.pptx

SOCIAL REFORM MOVEMENT IN INDIA

1. SOCIAL REFORM MOVEMENT IN INDIA Yatheesh Bharadwaj H S 1 st Mphil PSW DIMHANS

2. CONTENT Meaning and definition of reform Concept of social reform Major Social reform movement in india

3. R eform to put or change into an improved form or condition . to amend or improve by change of form or removal of faults or abuses. to put an end to (an evil) by enforcing or introducing a better method or course of action . Dissatisfaction in existing form.

4. Social reform Societies are complex, dynamic structures created by and for the governance of human interactions through laws and cultural norms at various levels.  A reform movement is a type of social movement that aims to  gradually change or improve certain aspects of society such as education or healthcare. As a result of disagreement/ dissatisfaction

5. 19 th century SRM The transformation of society began by Individual revolts against the prescribed ways of behaving. All the social rebels at that time were called reformers They devoted their life for the cause of the society Advocates of alterations in existing social customs

6. Factors which gave Rise to Reform Movements Presence of colonial government on Indian soil Religious and Social Ills Discrimination Spread of Education and Increased Awareness of the World Printing press

7. Characteristics of the Reform Movements All the reformers propagated the idea of one God and the basic unity of all religions. Thus, they tried to bridge the gulf between different religious beliefs All the reformers attacked priesthood, rituals, idolatry and polytheism. The humanitarian aspect of these reform movements was expressed in their attack on the caste system and the custom of child marriage . The reformers attempted to improve the status of girls and women in society. They all emphasised the need for female education.

8. By attacking the caste system and untouchability, the reformers helped to unify the people of India into one nation . The reform movements fostered feelings of self-respect, self-reliance and patriotism among the Indians.

9. Brahmo Movement RAMMOHUN ROY (1774-1833 ) Stimulated by the Western ideas and Western values. He represented a synthesis of the thought of East and west. In 1809 he wrote in Persian his famous work Gift to Monotheists. Started Atmiya Sabha(1814) Establishment of B rahma samaj-1828- Wanted to purge the Hinduism from its evil practices followed in the name of religion

10. Vigorously opposed idol worship, and believed in shapeless, invisible, omnipresent god . In 1820 he published Precepts of Jesus in which he wanted to separate the moral messages of Christianity from the miracles Abolition of Sati in 1829 Propagators of modern education in Bengal/India n 1825, he established Vedanta College According to him one of the aims of the religious reform is political uplift. Was a pioneer in Indian journalism and published journals in Bengali, Persian Hindi and English Initiator of public agitation on political questions in the country

11. YOUNG BENGAL MOVEMENT Henry Vivian Derozio Derozio promoted radical ideas through his teachings and by organizing an association for debates and discussions on Literature, History, Philosophy and Science. Derozio wanted to spread intellectual revolution among young students. He was a great propounder of liberal thinking.

12. He was supporter of  ‘ Freedom of Speech, Thought and Education of Women’. Defied social and religious conventions. He stated that radical views were the roots of religious philosophy. He ridiculed old social traditions and customs debated the existence of God.

13. Tattvaranjini Sabha( Tattvabodhini Sabha) Debendranath Tagore-1839 promoted a systemic study of India’s past in the Bengali language Tattavodhini Patrik In 1839 he organised the Brahmo Samaj and put new life into it Supported the movement for widow remarriage, abolition of polygamy, women’s education, and improvements of the ryot’s condition. Under his leadership several branches of Brahmo Samaj was set up in India

14. PRATHANA SAMAJ 1867 in Bombay by Atmaram Panduranga  objective of rational worship and social reform . The two great members of this Samaj were R.C. Bhandarkar  and Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade inter-caste dining, inter-caste marriage, widow remarriage and improvement of the lot of women and depressed classes . Mahavdev Govind Ranade was the founder of the Widow Remarriage Association (1861) and the Deccan Education Society.

15. Satyashodhak Samaj Jyotiba Phule  organized a powerful movement against upper caste domination and brahminical supremacy He founded the  SatyashodhakSamaj (Truth Seekers’ Society) in 1873. The main aims of the movement were : Social service Spread of education among women and lower caste people

16. Phule’s works,  Sarvajanik Satyadharma  and  Ghulamgin ,  became a source of inspiration for the common masses. Phule used the symbol of  Rajah Bali  as opposed to the brahmins’ symbol of Rama. Phule aimed at the  complete abolition of the caste system and socio-economic inequalities. This movement gave a sense of identity to the depressed communities as a class against the Brahmins, who were seen as the exploiters.

17. Arya Samaj Movement  God is the primary source of all true knowledge; God, as all-truth, all-knowledge, almighty, immortal, creator of Universe, is alone worthy of worship; The Vedas are the books of true knowledge; An Arya should always be ready to accept truth and abandon untruth; Dharma, that is, due consideration of right and wrong, should be the guiding principle of all actions; The principal aim of the Samaj is to promote world’s well-being in the material, spiritual and social sense; Everybody should be treated with love and justice;

18. ISHWAR CHANDRA VIDYASAGAR Dedicated his entire life for the cause of social reform Rose to the position of principalship of Sanskrit College in 1851 . He as a great humanist who possessed immense sympathy for the poor, the unfortunate and the oppressed Worked for the women education Widow Remarriage Act was passed in 1856 under his facilitation. Protested against the child marriage

19. THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF INDIA Theosophical Society was founded in the United States by Madam Blavatsky Colonel H.S.Olcott -  India and founded the headquarter at Adyar near Madras in 1886. Theosohist movement soon gained momentum in India as a result of leadership given to it by Mrs. Annie Besant who came to India in 1893. Theosophists advocated the revival and strengthening of ancient religions of Hinduism, Zoroastrianism and Buddhism. They also preached universal brotherhood of man.

20. The Aligarh Movement Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817-98) Impressed by scientific thought and tried to reconcile it with the philosophy of Islam. He said if religion did not change with time, it would become fossilised as had happened in India. In 1875, he founded at Aligarh the Muhammadan Anglo Oriental College as a centre for spreading western sciences and culture. Later this college grew into Aligarh Muslim University. He was opposed to Hindu-Muslim friction

21. Reference “Modern History of India”- bipin Chandra Textbook of NCERT- SOCIAL MOVEMENTS History Modern India- S.N . Sen, 2006

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