Social system (Sociology)

1. SOCIAL SYSTEM System is a concept It functions according to order or pattern It is an orderly arrangement Patterned relationship among parts of structure Based on functional relations It binds the part into unity A system-natural-solar system Organised system- social system

2. Social system Plurality of individuals interacting with each other According to shared cultural norms and meanings Made up of interactions Cultural factors which structure interaction All social organizations are social systems Since they consist of interacting individuals

3. definitions Meciver and Page: Social system is an organisation As it is an orderly and systematic arrangement of parts Loomis and Loomis: Social system is composed of patterned interaction of members Talcott Parsons: a social system consist of plurality of individuals, actors interaction in with other in a situation

4. Elements of social system Belief: keeps people together they have a common belief it gives inner strength to collective functioning Sentiment: Man doesn’t live by reason alone he plays his role with sentiments also Sentiment linked with culture also Goal: The goal or end determine social system It provides pathway of progress Norms: provide guidelines for appropriate conduct they also fix functional pattern of society Rank:

5. rank-recognition of importance role depends on upon the rank of a person Status and role: every individual in society is functional status by- sex, birth, caste or age one may achieve status by service rendered Power: social system consists of conflicts it aims at order power to punish the guilty brings order reward provides encouragement for conformity the authority excising power differ from group to group Sanction: imposition of penalty for non conformity acts done or not done bring reward or punishment Facility:

6. provide a person to function properly individuals use facilities to achieve social objectives Common features or characteristics of social system: Features: a)Plurality of individuals b) Based on interactions of individuals a) so system varies from time to time From one system to another Due to environment, time and place a) social system has aim and purpose It is a functional arrangement a) social system is the order b) Rendered unity c) No single group or institution can disturb it 5) The scope of interrelationship, interaction determined by culture

7. Social system works with adjustment of parts with each other in a balance Relationship between social system and social structure: Social structure and social system related to each other Social system relates to functional aspect of social structure. Social structure is the means through which social system functions The nature of functions to be carried out influences the form of structure. The form of structure will influence the functions it can perform Rigid social structure cannot fulfill the needs of changing society Social structure to use creative capacity Social function:

8. in every society, individuals have specified functions. Functions are divided as social functions and disfunctions Manifest and latent function H.M.Johnson : Any particular structure-sub group, role, social norm, cultural value have a function To fulfil social needs Any partial structure have a disfunction if it cannot fulfil these needs Manifest functions are those that are intended and recognised Latent functions are unorganised and unintended the function may be may be manifested for some participants and latent for others Latent function have some functions to perform in all structures Latent functions to be taken into consideration for reforming the society

9. functional problems of social system: - every social system solves four functional problems If it does not, the system would cease to exist as an independent entity Functional problems: Pattern maintenance and tension management: the units of the whole structure must learn the pattern And invest them with appropriate attitude of respect Any social system to have mechanisms of socialization through which Cultural patterns come to be incorporated in the personalities of individuals.

10. Tension management: Units of any social system are subject to emotional disturbances Which must be managed if the units are to be able to carry on effectively Adaptation: A given social system to adapt or adjust itself to its social and non social environment Through division of labor or role differentiation among members There should be role differentiation among members Every person could perform diverse takes with knowledge and skills. Goal attainment: Every social system has one or more goals to be attained through cooperative effort Adaptation required to attain goals Human and non human resources to be mobilized according to specific nature of tasks.

11. Proper allocation of resources necessary for both adaptation and goal attainment Integration: To achieve goals, people are required to work in cooperative in integration They are required to have good miracle Miracle is important for both integration and pattern maintenance.