Socialization in UCSP hahahahahahahahhaa

Socialization

1. SOCIALIZATION

2. Man as a social being needs other people to survive. We develop ourselves as human beings through our social interaction. Socialization is a continuing process whereby an individual acquires a personal identity and learns the norms, values, behavior, and social skills appropriate to his and her social position. The process of socialization is very essential because it teaches us how to behave and act within our society. Hence, it is a continuous process in life. As people move from one stage to another,.such as from childhood to adolescence, from adulthood to old-age, or from one group to another, they discard old ways of behaving and learn new patterns of behavior (Panopio, 1994 p. 91). SOCIALIZATION

3. Socialization can be described from two points of view: > It refers to the society acting upon the child. > The process by which society transmits its culture from one generation to the next and adapts the individual to the accepted and approved ways of organized social life. OBJECTIVE Socialization SUBJECTIVE SOCIALIZATION

4. THIS PERSPECTIVE ON SOCIALIZATION HELPS IDENTITY FORMATION OF INDIVIDUALS WHICH in establishing his/her social role. Likewise, it includes the following functions: It is through the process of socialization that we develop our sense of identity and belongingness. PERSONALITY AND Role Development SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING The much-needed social skills such as communication, interpersonal, and occupational are developed.

5. THIS PERSPECTIVE ON SOCIALIZATION HELPS IDENTITY FORMATION OF INDIVIDUALS WHICH in establishing his/her social role. Likewise, it includes the following functions: Individuals are influenced or engulfed by the prevailing values of social groups and society. VALUES FORMATION SOCIAL INTEGRATION AND ADJUSTMENT The socialization process allows us to fit-in an organized way of life by being accustomed including cultural setting.

6. THIS PERSPECTIVE ON SOCIALIZATION HELPS IDENTITY FORMATION OF INDIVIDUALS WHICH in establishing his/her social role. Likewise, it includes the following functions: Integration to society binds individuals to the control mechanisms set forth by society's norms with regard to acceptable social relationships and social behavior. SOCIAL CONTROL AND STABILITY

7. Socialization is vital to; Culture Sex Role Differentiation Personality IMPORTANTCE OF SOCIALIZATION

8. These refer to the various social groups or social institutions that play a significant role in introducing and integrating the individual as an accepted and functioning member of society. FAMILY SCHOOL PEER GROUP CHURCH MASS MEDIA WORK PLACE AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION

9. Social norms were formed in order to control individual behavior in a given society. They are usually in a form of rules or prescriptions followed by people who obey certain standards or roles in society. The norms include society's standards of morality, good manners, legality, and integrity. The following are forms of social norms: AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION Folkways >> These are the customary patterns that specify what is socially cor- rect and proper in everyday life. >> They are the repetitive or the typical habits and patterns of expected behavior followed within a group of community.

10. AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION Mores Laws >>> They define what is morally right and morally wrong. >> These are folkways with ethical and moral significance which are strongly held and emphasized. >> These are norms that are enforced formally by a special political organization. >> Component of culture that regulates and controls the peoples behavior and conduct.

11. Robin William attempted to identify the major value orientations of many societies. Achievement and Success AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION Activity and Work Moral Orientation Humanitarianism Efficiency and Practicality

12. In a study about Filipino values, Jaime Bulatao, SJ, discovered the following values held highly by the Filipinos AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION Emotional Closeness and Security in the Family Authority Value Economic and Social Betterment Patience, Suffering, and Endurance

13. Socialization as a continuous process serves as an avenue for developing self-concept which is essential in role identification. The self responds to categories called social statuses (Clark and Robby, 1986). The child must learn the categories or statuses by which to identify or define himself or herself like being a daughter, friend, student, etc. (Panopio,1994). Social status refers to the position an individual- occupies in society and implies an array of rights and duties (Linton,1936).

14. -those which are assigned to the individual from birth -it involves little personal choice like age and sex -it carries with it certain expectations of behavior -it is acquired by choice, merit, or individual effort -it is made possible through special abilities or talents, performance or opportunities -choice in occupation, marriage, joining a religious organization are examples ASCRIBED STATUSES ACHIEVED STATUSES

15. CONFORMITY AND DEVIANCE The identification of oneself in society is always relative to his/her existing environment. Social role must be performed in connection with the expected behavior. Erving Goffman tried to show in his book The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, how certain social processes modify the presentation of self and the impact of role expectations on the behavior of an individual. When a person present themselves to others in everyday inte (raction, they organize their overt behavior in such a way as to guide and control the impression others form of them to elicit role-taking response (Panopio,1994). It is a process of conformity where individuals attempt to change his/her behavior because of the desire to conform with defined social norm. Kelman (1958) distinguished between the different types of conformity:

16. Different types of Conformity Compliance ( or group acceptance ) this occurs when an individual accepts influence because he/she hopes to achieve a favorable reaction from the other person or group. 2. Internalization ( genuine acceptance of group norms ) this occIurs when an individual accepts influence because the content of the induced bahavior-the ideas actions of which it is composed- is intrically rewarding. 3. Identification ( or group membership) this occurs when an individual accepts influence because he/she wants to establish or maintain satisfying self-defining relationship to another person or group. 4. Ingratiational this is when a person conforms to impress or gain favor/acceptance from other people. It is similar to normative influence, but is motivated by the need to social rewards rather than the threat of rejection.

17. On the other hand , nonconformity of an individual would mean deviation from acceptable social norms which is known as social deviance. Social deviance refers to any behavior that differs or diverge from established social norms. In other words, what one group may consider acceptable, another may consider deviant. FUNCTION OF DEVIANCE Ronald W. Smith and Frederick W. Preston outlined some functions which deviance perform to support the social system in the following: Deviance serves as an outlet for diverse forms of expressions. Deviance serves to define the limits of acceptable behavior. Deviance may also promote in-group solidarity. Deviance can serve as a barometer of social strain.

18. Functionalist Theory According to Emile Durkheim, deviance can serve a number of functions for society. He asserted that there is nothing abnormal in deviance. He gave four major functions of deviance; a. Deviance affirms cultural values and norms. b. Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundary. c. Responding to deviance promotes social unity. d. Deviance encourages social change. 2. Strain Theory Robert Merton argued that in an unequal society the tension or strain between socially approved goals and an individual’s ability to meet those goals through socially approved means will lead to deviance as individuals reject either goals, the means, or both. SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF DEVIANCE

19. Merton gave the following forms of deviance that emerge from stain (Palipis,2007). a. Conformity - it involves accepting both the cultural goal of success and the use of legitimate means for achieving that goal. b. Innovation - this response involves accepting the goal of success but rejecting the use of socially accepted means of achieving it, turning instead to unconventional, illegitimate means. c. Ritualism - this occurs when people deemphasize or reject the importance of success once they realize they will never achieve it and instead concentrate on following or enforcing these rules than ever was intended. d. Retreatism - this means withdrawal from society, caring neither about success nor about working. e. Rebellion - this occurs when people reject and attempt to change both the goals and the means approved by society.

20. 3. Control Theory Travis Hirschi assumed that the family, school, and other social institutions can greatly contribute to social order by controlling deviant tendencies in very individual.

21. Social Control of Deviance In order to regulate nonconformity with the social norms, society created measures in order to limit deviance. Social control refers to the efforts of a group or society to regulate the behavior of its members in conformity with established norms (Palispis, 2007). Social control includes the use of behavioral restraints to encourage people to follow set social expectations. There are two types of sanctions: INFORMAL SANCTIONS These are unofficial, often casual pressures to conform. Positive informal sanctions involve reward to conformity or compliance. Negative sanctions or informal sanctions involve penalties for not conforming. These may take the form of ridicule, ostracism, rejection, or even expulsion from the group.

22. FORMAL SANCTIONS These are official, institutionalized incentives to conform and penalties for deviance. These are needed in large, complex societies. The criminal justice system is the most important and visible institutions of social control. These may take the form of arrest, pre-trial, sentencing, or imprisonment.

23. HUMAN RIGHTS AND DIGNITY Human rights are natural rights of all human beings whatever their nationality, religion, ethnicity, sex, language, and color. We are equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. Hence, human rights are inalienable rights that protect our dignity as human beings. There are different kinds of rights people enjoy in a democratic society namely. Natural Rights These are rights inherent to man and give to him by God as human beings. 2. Constitutional Rights These are the rights guaranteed under the fundamental charter of the country. 3. Statutory Rights These are the rights provided by the lawmaking body of a country or by law. 4. Civil Rights These are rights specified under the Bill of Rights. 5. Economic Rights These are rights to property, whether personal, real, or intellectual.

24. 6. Political Rights These are rights an individual enjoys as a consequence of being a memberof a body politic. The protection of the different rights of human beings promotes the notion of human dignity. Dignity of human being is an essential concept in the society as well as in morality, because through it the quality and honor of the people can be determined, and from the sense of dignity the concept of human right can also be measured.

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