Society and its types 1

In sociological terms, society refers to a group of people who live in a definable community and share the same culture. On a broader scale, society consists of the people and institutions around us, our shared beliefs, and our cultural ideas. Typically, more-advanced societies also share a political authority.

1. T y p e s O f S o c i e t i e s

2. ABOUT ME CONTACT INFO Tel: (+ 92) 322 7967172 E-Mail: [email protected] SKILLS & LANGUAGE ORIGIN LAB, VIRTUAL LAB, ENDNOTE SOFTWARE, EMATHHELP SOFTWARE , MICROSOFT OFFICE, ADBOBE (PHOTOSHOP & ILUUSTRATOR), ARDUINO SOFTWARE, AMAZON VITUAL ASSISTAN, VIDEO EDITTING, SOCIAL MEDIA ACCOUNT MANAGEMENT URDU, PUNJABI, ENGLISH, ARABIC FOUNDER UCQxAo-GBHUI2l9_LBYicsRw THE CREATOR ACADEMY thecreatorsacademyofficial thecreatorsacademyofficial The Creators Academy ABU BAKAR NATIONALITY : PAKISTAN CITY : SIALKOT, PUNJAB MARITAL STATUS : SINGLE PERSONAL PROFILE BS(HONS) PHYSICS UNIVERSITY OF SIALKOT EDUCATION SOCIAL MEDIA Abubakar Bhutta @_abubakar786 ABU BAKAR @abubakar786786 ABUBAKAR692909

3. What is Society Meaning of Society This term has been derived from a Latin word ' socious ' that means association or companionship. Thus society means 'A larger group of individuals, who are associative with each other'. Definition of Society Prof Wright:  It is a system of relationships that exists among the individuals of the groups. A.W. Green:  It is the largest group in which individual have relationships. Maclver :  It is a web of social relationship, which is always changing.

4. TYPES

5. Types Hunting & Ga t hering Societies Pa s to r a l So c ieties Horti c ul t u r a l So c ieties Agri c ultu r a l So c ieties I ndu s trial Societies

6. H u n t i n g A n d G a t h e r i n g S o c i e t i e s I ntrodu ct i on I t is t he oldest a n d t he s i m ple s t t ype of s ocie t y . H un t ing g a t hering so c ie t y relies hea v i ly on hun t ing wild anim a ls and ga t hering f ood for i t s sur v ival.

7. H u n t i n g & G a t h e r i n g ( C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ) 1- S m all in S i z e T h e s e so c ie t ies con s i s t of ve r y small but s c at t ered group s . T h e en v iron m ent in w hi c h they li v e cannot s upport a large number of p e ople. 2- N omadic I n N a ture T h e s e people are c ons t antly on t he move beca u se t hey ha v e t o l e a v e one area as s oon as t hey ha v e e x haus t ed its food resour c es.

8. H u n t i n g & G a t h e r i n g ( C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ) 3- N ot D es i r e T o A c quire Wealth . . 4- F amily And K i n s hip Are The Only D ef i n ed I ns t i t utions T h e only 2 inte r c onne c ted s ocial ins t i t utions which were f a m ily a n d k inship. F a mily is all and all f or t he m . Kin s hip was t he ba s is of t hese groups as t hey were rela t ed by ance st r y and marriage.

9. H u n t i n g & G a t h e r i n g ( C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ) Ab s ence Of Politi c al I ns t itution S t atu s es in the s e s o c ieties a r e e s sen t ially equal and hence t he di ff e r ence between t he lea d er and f ollo w ers is not the r e . M o s t de c i s ions are m ade t hrough g r o up di s cu s s i o n .   There is gender based division of labor but there is no gender inequality a s su c h.

10. H e r d i n g O r P a s t o r a l S o c i e t i e s I n t r od u c t ion  H er d i ng s ocie t y re f ers t o any f orm of s ocie t y w h o s e main s ubsi st ence comes f rom tending flo c k s and herds of do m e s ti c a t ed ani m a l s . I n p r a c t ice, s ubs i s t ence needs are of t en met by a c o mbina t i on of he r d i ng w i th hunting and g athering and o t her f or m s of agricul t ure.

11. C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s Relati v ely Larger In Size  I n c o m pari s on w ith t he hun t ing a n d ga t hering s o c ietie s , herding, s ocie t ies, are larger in s i z e and due t o t heir t e c h nologi c al “inven t ion” o f the domes t ica t ed ani m al w hi c h c an be u s ed f or human f ood. Pa s torali s m As A Better Produ ct ive Strategy  Pa s torali s m has pro v ed t o be a bet t er produ ct ive s t r atergy t han h u nting and ga t hering for it prov i d es an a s sured food s u pply and permits t he a cc u mulation of s urplus re s ource s .

12. H e r d i n g O r P a s t o r a l S o c i e t i e s Beginning Of I nequality Sin c e pa s t o r al i sm c ontributes t o t he a c c u m ula t ion s urplus re s ource s , s o m e individuals who ha v e be tt er a c ce s s t o s urplu s , become more powerful t han o t her s .

13. H e r d i n g O r P a s t o r a l S o c i e t i e s Herding society L ea d s T o Several C hanges H er d i ng society has l e d t o s eve r a l s ocial c hanges a m ong w h i ch the f o l lowing m ay be no t ed. T he herding s oc i e t y t ends t o pla c e a higher value on t h e i r t e m porary t errito r ies than do the hunting and gathe r i ng s ocie t ies. D i s putes o v er grazing righ t s w i th other herding s o c ieties som e t i m es re s ult in w ar f are.

14. H o r t i c u l t u r a l S o c i e t i e s I n t r od u c t ion “A hor t icul t ural s o c iety i s a s oc i a l s y s tem b a s ed on hor t i c u l t ure, a m ode of produ c tion in which digging s t i c k s are u s ed to c u l t i v ate small ga r d en s ”.  

15. H o r t i c u l t u r a l S o c i e t i e s Charac t eri s ti c s Do m e s ti c a t i o n Of Plants   H or t i c ulturi s ts spe c ialize in the do m e s ti c a t ion of plan t s s uch as wh e a t , ri c e et c . M ore adva n ced hor t i c u l t ural so c ie t i e s have m e t al t ools and weapons and n ot ploughs.  T he s ubsi s ten c e s t rategy of t h e hor t icul t uris t s is “ s lash and burn” t e c hn o l o g y .This people clear areas of land, burn the trees a n d plan t s they have c ut do w n, raise c r ops for 2 o r 3 years u n t il the so i l is exhau s ted and t hen repeat the pro c es s .

16. H o r t i c u l t u r a l S o c i e t i e s Horti c ul t u r a l i s t s Are Bet t er Se tt led Than Pa s to r a l i s t s . T hey de v elop s e t tlem e n t s t hat ha v e larger populat i o n s and migrate in sear c h of bet t er c ondi t ions Relati v ely M o r e C o m plex D i vi s ion Of La b or T his so c iety as s ures be t ter food s upply of s urplus. Ad v anced hort i cul t ural s o c i e ties s o m e t i m es c ons i s t ing of as m any as 50 people support s pec i al i s t s produ c ing and trading w i t h a v ariety of produ c t s .

17. H o r t i c u l t u r a l S o c i e t i e s Emergence Of Political I ns t itu t ions  T he s urplus produ c tion allo w s s o m e w eal t hy indi v iduals t o be c o m e m ore po w er f ul t han other s . This leads t o t he e m ergen c e of poli t i c al in s ti t ut i o ns in the f orm of c h i ef t ainship s . W a r fare is m ore c o m mon. H or t i c ultural so c ie t ies are al s o t he fir s t k no w n s ocie t ies to s upport t h e in s ti t ut i on of s la v e r y .

18. H o r t i c u l t u r a l S o c i e t i e s Creation Of R e l a t i v ely Elaborate C u l tural Artifa c ts  T he s e people li v e in c o m para t ively p ermanent s et t le m e nt s , t h ey can c r eate m ore elaborate c ul t u r al ar t ifa c t s . For e x a m ple, h ou s e s , t h r on e s, large s tone s c ulptu r es or Some Rare Pra ct i c es  H or t i c ulture s o c ie t ies have s o m e rare pra c ti c es s u c h as c annibali s m , headhun t ing and hu m an s a c r i f i c e. C annibali s m is ea t ing enemies’ s k in as an a c t of ritual re v enge. H eadhun t ing is ta k en a s e v idence of c ourage a nd s kill of w a r r i o r .

19. A g r i c u l t u r a l S o c i e t i e s I n t r od u c t ion  An agricul t ural s o c iety f o c uses on m o de produ c t i o n prim a r i l y on agri c ultu r e and of l a r g e f ields. of produc t ion Ba s ed on the in v ention of t he ploug h , t he agrarian revolu t ion m ar k ed i t s beginning. U se of plough in c r e ases t he produ c t i vi t y of t he land. Charac t eri s ti c s Of Agri c ultural So c i e t ies Culti v at i o n Of Land T hrough Plough   W i t h the use of t he plough in c reased produc t i v ity .

20. A g r i c u l t u r a l S o c i e t i e s Co m bining Irrigation Te c h n i q ues w i t h t he u s e of Plough inc r e a s ed produc t ion a nd abili t y to renew t he soil. Si z e o f the agricu l tural so c iet i e s is m u c h g r eater t han that of h o r ti c ultural and p as t oral c o m munitie s . Appearan c e of ci t ies: T he spe c ialis t s who engage t he m s elves in non agricu l tural ac t iv i ties t end t o c oncen t ra t e in some co m pa c t pla c es wh i c h ul t i m a t ely led to t he bir t h of t he ci t ie s .   

21. A g r i c u l t u r a l S o c i e t i e s Emergence Of Elaborate Politi c a l I ns t i t utions Agri c ultural s ocie t ies lead to the es t abli s h m ent of more elabora t e so c ial in st i t u t ions. C ourt s y s t em of pro v iding j u s t ice al s o e m e r ge s . E v olut i on Of Dis t in c t Social C la s ses   di st inct s ocial cla s ses – those w ho o w n the land and t h o s e w ho w ork on t he lands of o ther s - make t heir a pp e a r a n ce.

22. A g r i c u l t u r a l S o c i e t i e s Emergence Of A C learly Defined E c o nomic I ns t i t ution T r a de be c o m e m ore elaborate and m oney is u s ed as a me d i um of ex c hange. Religion Be c o m es A Separate I ns t i t ution As s o cie t ies be c o m e m ore and mo r e c o m ple x , religion requires f ull-time o f fi c ials s u c h as prie st s. Warfare And Empire Bui l ding   

23. A g r i c u l t u r a l S o c i e t i e s Enri c h m ent Of C ul t ure  M o re f ood is pr o d u c ed than required f or s ubs i s t ence, t he s e s oc i e t ies are able t o support people w ho s e sole purpose is t o pro v ide c rea t ive ideas t o the c u l ture. Hence, p o e t s , w ri t ers and ar t is t s are enc o u r a g ed t o c on t i n u e t heir work. Revolu t ionary T r a n si t ion I n T he Social Stru ct u r e  T he nu m ber of s ta t u s es m ul t iplie s , population si z e in c reas e s, c it i es appear, new in s ti t utions e m erge, s o c ial c las s es ari s e, poli t ical and e c ono m ic inequality be c o m es built in t o the s o c ial s t ru c ture, and c u l t ure becomes m u c h more d i v er s ified.

24. I n d u s t r i a l S o c i e t i e s I n t r od u c t ion  I ndus t rial mode of produc t ion b e g an in England I ndus t ry in li t eral meaning is a c las s ifi c a t ion t hat re f ers t o a group of companies t hat are r e l ated in t er m s of their pri m ary bu s iness ac t i v i t ies An indus t rial s o c iety is a sy s t em in which large number of l a b or and m a c hinery is in v olved in produ c t i o n of goods a n d s ervi c es. 

25. I n d u s t r i a l S o c i e t i e s Charac t eri s ti c s Of I ndus t rial Societies I ndu s trial Society I s As s o c iated W i t h I ndu s trial Revolu t ion And I ndus t riali zation.   I ndus t rial r e volu t ion t rans f or m ed m u c h of t h e Europe and United S t ates by replacing e s sen t ially agri c ultu r a l based s ocie t ies w i t h i n dus t rial s o c ieties ba s ed on t he u s e of m a c hines and n on- animal re s ourc e s to be h a r ne s s ed. I nd u s t rialism is ba s ed on t he appli c a t i on of sc i e n ti f ic k n o wledge to t he te c hnology of produ c tion, e n abl i ng new energy s our c es to be h a r n e s s ed.

26. I n d u s t r i a l S o c i e t i e s Technology I ni t iating Vast And Rapid So c ial Changes New t e c hnologies s u ch as s t eam engine, a t o m ic energy t end to bring ab o ut so c ial c hanges as the e c ono m ic a nd o t her in st itu t ions c ons t antly a d j ust t o a l t ered condi t ions. Larger So c ieties With H uge Populatio n s T he high l e v el of produc t iv i ty of i n d u s t rial s o c ieties f urther s timulates p op u l a t ion gro w t h with in c reasing me m bers of li v ing in c i t ies .  

27. I n d u s t r i a l S o c i e t i e s Large Scale D i v i s ion Of L a bor Indu st r i a l s oc i e t y c reates thou s ands of new s pec i al i z ed jobs. I n this so c iety s t atu s es of poli t ician s , t ea c he r s , do ct o r s etc c ould be a c hie v e d. Lo s ing I mp o r tan c e Of Fa m ily And Kin s hip  

28. I n d u s t r i a l S o c i e t i e s Religion Lo s ing I t s H old O v er T he People  R e l i gion no longer play an i m por t ant role in c ont r o l l ing t he beha v ior o f people. T he w orld no longer re m ains a s god-cen t ered world f or it is loo k ed u pon as t he m an- c entered w orld. I nc r e a s ing Importance O f Scien c e And Edu c ation  S c ience is loo k ed upon as a pro m i s ing and an e ff ec t ive m eans o f so c io-eco n o m ic progre s s. Similarly, e d u c a t ion has evol v ed in t o an independent and di s tin c t in s ti t ution.

29. I n d u s t r i a l S o c i e t i e s I nc r e a s ing Important R ole Of T he State  S t ate is in c reasingly in v ol v ed in the e c ono m i c , edu c a t i o nal, m ili t ary and o t her ac t i v itie s . S t ate as t he cen t ral power has i ncrea s ed important r o l e in t he i n dus t rial s o c i e t y . Widening Gap Between The Ri c h And T he Poor  A c cording to Karl M ar x , t h e ri c h c la s s w hi c h is k no w n as t he e x ploit i n g c las s , and poor c la s s as e x ploi t e d c las s .

30. I n d u s t r i a l S o c i e t i e s Spread Of H e t erogeneous Culture  N ew li f e s t y les and values c rea t e a m u c h more he t erogeneous c ulture w hi c h s preads i t s in f luence f ar and w i d e .