Sociograms

Sociograms

1. “If you were having a birthday party, which of your three classmates would you invite?”

2. Sociograms

3. SOCIOGRAMS “graphic representation of social links that a person has” It is used to analyze the choices or preferences each student makes within a group

4. A sociogram is a teacher-made device that determines how a student is viewed by his/her peers as he/she interacts with classmates. SOCIOGRAMS

5. It is constructed after each student responds to a question that tries to probe the social affiliation with other students (or classmates) SOCIOGRAMS

6. The result of the sociometric test are tabulated to determine how many times each student is selected and by whom SOCIOGRAMS

7. Categories of students in a class Star A student who is chosen by the most number of his classmates

8. Isolate A student who is not chosen by any of his classmates Categories of students in a class

9. Mutual Choice Students who choose each other Categories of students in a class

10. One-way Choice Students who choose someone but the choice is not reciprocated Categories of students in a class

11. Clique Group of three or more students within a class who all choose each other Categories of students in a class

12. How to Devise a Sociogram 1. Devise a question that is simple and easy-to-understand e.g. “If you were having a birthday party, which of your three classmates would you invite?”

13. How to Devise a Sociogram 2. Ask students to write their answers to the question. (clearly state any limitations on choices to be made) e.g. number of choices, classmates only

14. How to Devise a Sociogram 3. Tally the number of times each student is chosen.

15. How to Devise a Sociogram 4. Make a diagram consisting of several circles. (Each circle contains a student’s name. indicate by an arrow the student who chose another classmate.)

16. How to Devise a Sociogram 5. Assess the diagram to determine who among the students is the most popular and the most unpopular.

17. Example of Sociogram

18. Uses of Sociograms 1. allowing a student to work with a chosen classmate or friends

19. 2. placing an isolate in a situation wherein he could be a charade leader or a team captain Uses of Sociograms

20. 3. providing training in social skills to the isolates or one-way choice students Uses of Sociograms

21. 4. identifying pathways for social acceptance for students who often misbehave Uses of Sociograms

22. In a sense, the sociogram can determine those who are friends and those who are not.

23. Limitations of Sociograms 1. S ociograms only indicate choices, not the reasons for such choices

24. 2. S ociograms do not necessarily reflect true social acceptance or integration in case of mutual choices and cliques Limitations of Sociograms

25. 3. S ociograms do not actually reflect isolates as rejected by his classmates. Isolates may be pupils who are new or shy in class Limitations of Sociograms

26. 4. S ociograms may indicate popularity or isolation based on the kind of questions asked. If the situations were to be changed, the choices may be quite different. Limitations of Sociograms

27. To make the sociograms more valid and reliable, they should be used at the start and end of the academic year or perhaps administer a sociometric test at the middle of the school year with different set of questions asked under different situations.

28. Measuring Values

29. Values are defined as an individual’s belief about ideal conduct in the pursuit of truth, wisdom, and beauty.

30. Values are usually learned and are upheld important by groups of people. Marriage is upheld by society as a sacred ceremony and anyone who refuses to accept it as such is considered a social deviant.

31. Values must first be chosen willingly from a set of alternatives. Then, they should be cherished by a person. Lastly, they must be acted upon repeatedly by the individual.

32. The clarification process involves the following steps: C- choose willingly from alternatives P- prize a value A- act on that value repeatedly

33. Value Clusters Self – discipline Cleanliness, orderliness, fitness, health, ecological harmony, orderly conduct and self-control

34. Value Clusters Integrity Being true to oneself, truthfulness, trustworthiness, sincerity, and honesty

35. Value Clusters Courage Assertiveness, positive attitude, spiritual strength

36. Value Clusters Respect Care, concern, tolerance, consideration

37. Value Clusters Responsibility Commitment, accountability, reliability

38. Value Clusters Nationalism / Cultural Loyalty, patriotism, appreciation of heritage, pride in one’s country

39. Value Clusters Peace / Prudence Justice, fairness, harmony, serenity

40. Value Clusters Self- reliance Trustworthiness, independence, industry, resourcefulness, creativity

41. Value Clusters Love / Selflessness Service, kindness, friendliness, brotherhood

42. Value Clusters Excellence Productivity, quality, perseverance

43. Value Clusters Spirituality Humility, realization, of oneness with other people and beings, purity, sensitiveness to religious values

44. Value Clusters Harmony Beauty and simplicity

45. In measuring a particular value that is internalized in a student, the specific indicators should be spelled out and the options may be listed as follows: Always, Often, Sometimes, Seldom, and Never

46. Example of a rating scale measuring patriotism Indicator Always 5 Often 4 Sometimes 3 Seldom 2 Never 1 I buy Filipino-made products I sing “ Lupang Hinirang ”. I tell others to visit the beautiful places in the country. I tell others to admire stories about our national heroes. I read books about our national heroes.

47. Activity