Sociology II Descent Meaning ,Defination and its Types.pptx

sociology

1. JIMS Engineering Management Technical Campus 48/4, Knowledge Park- III,Greater Noida - 201308 (Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi) Subject Name Sociology II Department of _Law Created By:Dr Richa srivastava

2. Subject: Sociology II Topic: Descent Meaning ,Definitions& Types

3. Descent meaning A  descent group  is a social  group  whose members talk about common ancestry. A unilineal society is one in which the  descent  of an individual is reckoned either from the mother's or the father's line of  descent . Giving group membership from parents to children

4. Six types of descent Six types of descent 1 Patrilineal - 2 Matrilineal 3 duo lineal/ Bilineal 4 Cognatic 5 Parallel 6 cross /alternative

5. Descent Unilineal / Bilineal Ambilineal   descent

6. Unilateral/ unilineal descent Unilateral descent is  a system of kinship  in which descent is one can trace one’s ancestors through only one gender, either the male or the female. Based on this we can divide between the patrilineal or matrilineal line of descent. When descent is traced through the father it is called patrilineal descent. Here, the father’s family, his parents, and siblings are considered as the kin group and not the mother’s. On the other hand, when the descent is traced through the female line, it is known as matrilineal descent. There are also societies in which descent can be traced either through the father or the mother. It is called ambilineal descent.

7. Descent In societies with  patrilineal structure , only the males in the family take forward the family surname. Due to this, males are attributed to greater prestige and are considered the permanent members of the family.  People descending by male links are known as agnates whereas they are cognates if they are the Descendents by female links

8. Descent . Most societies are based on the patrilineal system of kinship. However, in societies like that of the Nayars , a person traces his/her ancestors through the female line. In societies like this, there is an emphasis on unilateral descent through females, known as uterine descent. In such matrilineal societies, family ties and inheritance, all trace to women. Again, ambilineal societies are mostly present in Southeast Asian countries where parents can choose to associate their children’s kinship with the mother’s kin group or to the father’s kin group.

9. Unilineal Descent/ Unilateral Unilineal Descent As the name ' unilineal ' implies, with ' uni ' meaning 'one' as in 'unicycle,'  unilineal descent  is a kinship, or family system, in which descent is traced through only one gender. To sort of oversimplify it, it's a family tree that is only tracked through the men or the women of the family but not both.

10. Putting this in very Western terms, I'll use my family. Most Western families are not traced unilineally . For instance, I consider my cousins from my mom's side to be just as much a part of my family, or kin group, as my cousins from my dad's side. Now, we don't have the same last name, but they're still my family. However, if I lived under a unilineal descent system, one side or the other would be not be considered part of my kin group.

11. Patrilineal societies, those that connect generations through the father’s line, dominate the world’s culture. And most sociologists would argue that we still live for the most part under a  patriarchy , in which men serve as heads of almost every important social, cultural, and political institution.

12. Types of Descent 1 unilineal descent – this traces descent only through a single line of ancestors,male or female The two basic form of Unilineal Descent are I Patrilineal Descent –Descent is traced from father side only .the other side is ignolred II Matrilineal descent –Descent is traced from mother side the other is ignored 2 Cognatic Descent(Bilateral) - At least 40% of the societies around the world today trace descent through both the mother's and the father's ancestors to some degree.  They follow one of several nonunilineal or  cognatic   descent  principles

13. 3   bilineal They follow one of several nonunilineal or  cognatic   descent  principles Cognatic descent is known to occur in four variations: bilineal , ambilineal , parallel, and bilateral descent.  3   bilineal - When both patrilineal and matrilineal descent principles are combined, the result is the  bilineal   , or double, descent pattern shown below.  With this rare hybrid system, every individual is a member of his or her mother's  matrilineage   and father's  patrilineage  .

14. 4 Ambilineal   descent As a result, everyone, except  siblings  , potentially have a unique combination of two unilineal family lines . Note that parents only share either their children's matrilineal line or patrilineal line of descent. 4 Ambilineal   descent   is still another unusual descent system that, in a sense, combines unilineal patterns.  Descent from either males or females is recognized, but individuals may select only one line to trace descent.  Since each generation can choose which parent to trace descent through, a family line may be patrilineal in one generation and matrilineal in the next.

15. Ambilineal   descent Descent from either males or females is recognized, but individuals may select only one line to trace descent.  Since each generation can choose which parent to trace descent through, a family line may be patrilineal in one generation and matrilineal in the next.

16. 5 Parallel descent- 5 Parallel descent- where descent lines are sex specific men to son and female to daughter.Their important portable property, including livestock and money, are inherited matrilineally .  Fixed property, such as farm plots, pass down through the patrilinal line as do rights to trees and other forest products.   It is not surprising that they have patrilineally inherited obligations to cooperate in cultivating their fields.  Obligations to perform funerals and pay  bride price  for sons are inherited through the matrilineal line.

17. 6 Cross or Alternative descent 6 Cross or Alternative descent – this is also rare.here men transmit property to daughter and female to son

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