Sociology Powerpoint Presentation on Status and role

The content of this presentation include Status, Roles, Power and Authority. Presented by students of Women University Multan.

1. CONTENT OF PRESENTATION STATUS ROLE POWER AUTHORITY

2. GROUP MEMBERS SHANZA LATIF ZUBDA-TUL-HOOR ALEENA MALIK MAHNOOR BALOUCH TAYYABA KHALIQ SEHRISH REHMAN ALVI

3. By SHANZA LATIF

4. DEFINITION Social status refers to a position one holds in a society or group. Status implies the position or the rank one holds in a social group. Status is position that one holds in a given system.

5. Status with regard to one person in society Every status holder is a role performer. In a social group, every member has a status role position. All status roles do not command similar position authority; or the social recognition authority. Status-role of a father, as the head of a family, in patriarchal society, like that of ours differs, from his status-role in a matriarchal society. Women are everywhere the same, but their status-role in our society, in several ways differs from women in the Arab or in a western society in a similar situation.

6. According to Lundberg , It is the, “comparative amount of prestige, deference or respect accorded to persons who has been assigned different roles in group or community.” According to H.T. Mazumdar , “Status means the location of the individual within the group — his place in the social network of reciprocal obligation and privileges, rights and duties.” 

7. Elements and Characteristics of Social Status The status is determined by the cultural situation of the particular society, The status is determined only in relevance of the other members of the society, Every individual has to play certain role in accordance with the status, Status is only a part of the society as a whole,

8. As a result of status the society is divided into various groups, Every status carries with it some prestige, According to status people may be divided into various categories. These categories or statuses are not imposed from above. Some of these statuses are earned or achieved while others are ascribed.

9. Types of Status There are two types of social status Ascribed Status Achieved Status

10. Ascribed Status The status which is given to an individual on the basis of the situation in the society or by other members of the society is called ascribed status. Such a status may be given by birth or by placement in a social group.

11. For example : A person may enjoy a particular status because of the sex or age of birth in a rich family. The ascribed status is based on age, sex, kinship race, family etc. In almost every society particularly the patriarchal system of the society, it is the elder men who are respected but in matriarchal system of society elder women are respected.

12. Achieved Status The status or the position that a person has earned out of his own personal efforts is called achieved status. This status is given by the ability, capacity and the efforts of the individuals.

13. Some persons achieve a particular status because of the facilities available to them but some have to achieve that status as against the odds and difficulties. The achieved status is based on the personal ability , education, earned wealth etc.

14. A person who is able to display his ability in the field of social service, sports, education etc. is given higher and better status. For example: A person become lawyer, doctor, professor etc.

15. Difference between Ascribed and Achieved status Ascribed status Ascribed status is the gift from the society of the individual members and to make know the effort to get it. Generally ascribed status is based on age, race, caste, kinship, etc . Ascribed status is more stable and more rigid. Its basis does not change easily . Achieved status For an achieved status certain conditions are namely ability, efficiency, economic status etc. are necessary. The achieved status is based on characteristics like capacities and abilities . Achieved status has an unstable basis and so it is itself changeable .

16. Difference between Ascribed and Achieved status Ascribed status In ascribed status there is a co-relationship between the status and role . It has vital relationship with the internal aspects of the personality. It provides satisfaction to sentiments, emotions and feelings etc . Achieved status In achieved status it cannot be said that there shall be co- relationship between the achieved status and the role. Achieved status is the gift of one’s personal accomplishments and personal characteristics.

17. BY ZUBDA-TUL-HOOR

18. DEFINITION Role , in sociology is the behavior expected of an individual who occupies a given social position or status.

19. In life, we have a great variety of roles – father, mother, businessman, shop assistant, consumer, bus-driver, teacher, voter, and politician and so on. These roles are an integral part of group behavior.

20. STATUS AND ROLE Status  and  Role  constitute an important element in social structure.  According to Young and Mack ”A role is the function of a status”. A person in a social  set up is bound to play a role. According to his role, he gets status. Similarly, the status of an  individual gives him a definite role. Status and role, both are interrelated .

21. A role is what you “do” and Status is what you “are.”

22. Characteristics of Role  Action Aspect of Status: The role is in fact the action aspect of status. It involves various types of actions that a person has to perform in accordance with the expectations of society.  Changing Concept of Role: Social roles as already stated, are in accordance with the social values, ideals, patterns etc. These ideals, values and objects change and so the concept of the role also changes. The role which is justified at a particular time may not be justified at some other time.

23. Limited Field of Operation: Every role has a limited area of operation and the role has to be confined within that. For example an officer has a role to play in the office but when he reaches his family, that role ceases. 4. Roles are not Performed 100% for the Fulfillment of the Expectations: It is not possible for anyone to perform his role fully in accordance with the expectations of the society. There is bound to be some distinctions. For example one may not be able to perform his role to the full satisfaction of the children.

24. Difference in the Importance of Role: From the socio-cultural point of view all the roles are not equally important. Some of the roles are more important while the others are less. The, roles that are most important are called key roles while the roles that are of general importance, are called general roles .

25. ROLE CONFLICT A situation in which a person is expected to play two incompatible roles.  The more statuses we have, and the more roles we take on, the more likely we are to experience role conflict. For example, a boss will suffer role conflict if forced to fire an employee who is also a close friend.

26. HUSBAND

27. ROLE SET More than one role associated with a particular status. For example a field supervisor working in social sector is supposed to be conducting awareness sessions in the community, focus group discussions, attend training sessions and formulate new strategy for preventing the particular problem in a society. All mentioned duties required of an individual for the status of field officers are role set.

28. ROLE STRAIN Situation caused by higher-than-expected demands placed on an individual performing a specific role that leads to difficulty or stress. For example A working woman trying to perform both the duties of home and office at the same time. This can lead to role strain.

29. ROLE EXIT When an individual stops engaging in a role previously central to their identity and the process of establishing a new identity. For example a married man may miss his bachelor life. He decides to take a divorce and change his status and roles associated with it.                  

30. POWER BY ALEENA MALIK

31. DEFINITION The ability of an individual, group, or institution to exercise control over other people and  achieve their goals despite opposition or resistance. Weber identified power as being either authoritative or coercive. Authoritative power is exercising power which is seen as legitimate. By being legitimate it is effective because those who are subject to the power do so with consent.

32. COERCION

33. Coercion is where someone exercises power through force. It may be physical or non-violent. Physical coercion may take the form of bodily injury, imprisonment and death penalty. Nonviolent coercion consists of strike; boycott and non-cooperation. Non-violent coercion can be a successful way of effecting social control.

34. Power and authority

35. Authority Power+ Legitimacy= Authority Authority is that form of power which is legalized and legitimized. Authority means legitimate power which has been approved by the people or by the power in accordance with a constitution or a law of state.

36. Types of Authority

37. Max Weber – power and authority Rational-legal Authority Traditional Authority Charismatic Authority

38. Rational-legal Authority Based on laws, rules and regulations Rational legal authority is power legitimized in the operation of lawful government .

39. Weber viewed Bureaucracy as the type of government that dominates in rational thinking, modern societies. For Example President and Prime Minister

40. Traditional Authority Based on domination of past customs and traditions Power legitimized by respect for long established cultural patterns Example: Chinese Emperors

41. Charismatic authority Based on extraordinary devotion to sacred quality or exemplary character of a person Power legitimized through extraordinary personal abilities that inspire devotion and obedience. Example: Adolf Hitler, India’s liberator, Mahatma Gandhi

42. ROLE ALLOCATION

43. ROLE ALLOCATION According to Davis and Moore: “Most talented people gain higher qualification which leads to important jobs with high rewards (money)”.

44. Role allocation is all part of this in which education allocates people to the most appropriate jobs for their talents using qualifications and examinations. Education transmits culture, shared beliefs and values. The main function of education is role education, selection and allocation of individuals to their future work roles.