Soft drinks and its harmful effects

It includes some chemical tests, some ingredients.

1. 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 1

2. INTRODUCTION CLASS : B.S-VIII CHEMISTRY SUBJECT: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TOPIC: SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS SUBMITTED TO: DR. SANA MUSTAFA MADE BY: HAFIZ MANSOOR HUSSAIN 11/05/2014 HAFIZ MANSOOR HUSSAIN 2

3. WHAT ARE SOFT DRINKS ? ? ? ? ? ? ? S oft drink is also known as club soda, soda water, sparkling water, carbonated water & fizzy water . I t is water into which carbon di oxide gas under pressure has been dissolve, a process that cause the water to become effervescent. and the process is called carbonation. Soft drinks have become so much a part of modern living, especially in major cities around the world. It particularly appeals to the younger generation who drinks soft drinks in place of water 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 3

4. Harmful Effects Of Soft Drinks No Nutritional Benefits: There are no nutritionally beneficial components in soft drinks. 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 4

5. COMPONENTS OF SOFT DRINK: 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 5

6. HARMFUL EFFECTS ARE AS FOLLOWS 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 6

7. HEART BURN & CELL DAMAGE: Carbon dioxide can change the pH of water. According to the following reaction: CO 2  + H 2 O --> H 2 CO 3 Carbonated drinks are made by injecting carbon dioxide into the water under pressure. The more carbon dioxide injected, the lower the pH, the more acidic it gets, the more fizzy it is . Too much carbon dioxide kills healthy cells. Dead cells cause an acidic environment. Soft drink consumption is a strong predictor of Heartburn/Acidity. 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 7

8. EFFECT OF CAFFEINE Caffeine is an addictive drug that enhances the flavor of soft drinks. It artificially stimulates the nervous system and increases the heart rate . Excessive caffeine consumption is linked to cancers of the bladder and stomach and raised blood pressure . It may even contribute to birth defects in babies. Excessive urination and other health problems. 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 8

9. 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 9 CAFFEINE OVERDOSE:

10. OBESITY: Drinking a single 330 ml can a day of sugary drinks translates to more than 453.592 gm of weight gain every month. The relationship between soft drink consumption and body weight is so strong that is each additional can of soft drink consumed, the risk of obesity increases 1.6 times . Sugar-sweetened beverages are linked to more than 180,000 obesity related deaths a year . 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 10

11. ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 11

12. ASPARTAME A white, crystalline, odorless, slightly water soluble non-carbohydrate powder, C  14  H  18  N  2  O  5 ,synthesized from amino acids, that is 150-200 times as sweet as sugar. It does enhance the taste of the drink but it also cause numerous adverse side-effects. Common complaints include migraine , memory loss , emotional disorders , blurred vision , ringing in the ears and shortness of breath. 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 12

13. SACCHARIN ( C 7 H 5 N O 3 S ) Saccharin is an artificial sweetener with effectively no food energy which is approximately 300 times as sweet as sucrose or table sugar. It has been proven to cause bladder cancer. 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 13

14. PRSERVATIVES SODIUM BENZOATE It is present in most soft drinks. This chemical is known to cause asthma, rashes and hyperactivity. SULPHUR DIOXIDE It is also used in some soft drinks to preserve the color of say, carbonated lemon juice from turning brown. This chemical is used for industrial bleaching. It is so toxic that repeated exposures to it can cause fainting spells, skin eruptions, swelling, tightening of the chest, shock, coma and even death. 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 14

15. TOOTH DECAY: The acidity can dissolve the mineral content of the enamel, making the teeth weaker, more sensitive, and more susceptible to decay. Soda's acidity makes it even worse for teeth than the solid sugar found in candy. Dental experts continue to urge that people drink less soda pop, especially between meals, to prevent tooth decay and dental erosion. 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 15

16. ACIDS 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 16

17. Impaired Digestive System T he digestive system, that starts from the mouth and ends up at the anus only the stomach can resist an acidic environment up to pH 2.0 . But before the acidity of soft drink reaches the stomach it passes through all the other organs involved in the digestive system thus causing an abnormal acidic environment . The phosphoric acid present in soft drink competes with the hydrochloric acid of the stomach and affects its functions. When the stomach becomes ineffective, food remains undigested causing indigestion, gastric issues or bloating ( swelling of stomach ). 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 17

18. Dehydration Both caffeine and sugar cause dehydration . Caffeine is a diuretic and causes an increase in urine volume High concentration of sugar is drawing off water because your kidneys try to expel the excess sugar out of the blood . When you drink a caffeinated soft drink to quench your thirst, you will actually become thirstier 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 18

19. KIDNEY FAILURE: Drinking large amounts of soft drinks containing phosphoric acid may be especially harmful. Having poor kidney function can lead to unusually high levels of phosphorous in your blood that lower calcium levels, increasing your risk of bone disease and brittle bones.  That cola beverages can increase the risk of kidney problems, more so than non-cola sodas. Large quantities of cola result in enhanced kidney stone formation 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 19

20. TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 20 Take bottles of soft drinks. As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the sample was passed through lime water. The lime water turned milky. Conclusion: All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste . CHEMICAL REACTION: Ca (OH) 2 + CO 2 -----  CaCO 3 + H 2 O   Sr. No. Name of the drink Time taken (sec.)   Conclusion 1 Coca Cola 26.5 CO 2 is present 2 Sprite 21 CO 2 is present 3 Limca 35 CO 2 is present 4 Fanta 36 CO 2 is present

21. TEST FOR PHOSPHATE 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 21 Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and Ammonium Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid was added to it. The solution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow precipitate confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks . All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions. Hence all the cold drinks contain phosphate . CHEMICAL REACTION: NaHPO 4 + 12(NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 + 21HNO 3 + 3H + → (NH 4 )3PO 4 .12MoO 3 +21HN 4 NO 3 + 12H 2 O   Sr. No. Name of the drink Observation   Conclusion 1 Coca Cola CANARY-YELLOW PRECIPITATE Phosphate is present 2 Sprite CANARY-YELLOW PRECIPITATE Phosphate is present 3 Limca CANARY-YELLOW PRECIPITATE Phosphate is present 4 Fanta CANARY-YELLOW PRECIPITATE Phosphate is present

22. TEST FOR ALCOHOL 11/05/2014 22 Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes, Iodine &Sodium Hydroxide( NaOH ) solution was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow colored precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks. All the cold drinks samples gave positive test for alcohol CHEMICAL REACTION: CH 3 CH 2 OH + 4I 2 + 6NaOH  CHI 3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H 2 O   Sr. No. Name of the drink OBSERVATION   Conclusion 1 Coca Cola Yellow ppt. Alcohol is present 2 Sprite Yellow ppt. Alcohol is present 3 Limca Yellow ppt. Alcohol is present 4 Fanta Yellow ppt. Alcohol is present

23. WHAT DO WE DO?????? Do yourself and me a huge favor–please cut down or stop drinking any form of soft/carbonated/soda drinks . Instead, turn to healthy fresh fruit and vegetable juices if you value your health. Start today, it is not too late. You can still reverse the damages already done to your body, by taking the first step to learn what is beneficial for you. Choose to live healthy. 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 23

24. ANY QUESTIONS???? 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 24

25. THANKS TO ALL  REGARDS: HAFIZ MANSOOR HUSSAIN 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 25