Soil degradation in india

Soil degradation in india and solutions, presentation for educational purpose only. Prepared by Nilakshi, Neshab, Manami, Tapan Moran and Biplab Sarma of Dept. Of Env. Scince, Gauhati University

1. Prepared by: Nilakshi Sarania Neshab Ullah Manami Deka Tapan Moran Biplab Sarmah Dept. of environmental science Gauhati university SOIL DEGRADATION IN INDIA: CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS

2. What is Soil Degradation? Soil degradation is the decline in soil condition caused by its improper use or poor management, usually for agricultural, industrial or urban purposes. Soil degradation is the physical, chemical and biological decline in soil quality . Soil degradation in India is estimated to be occurring on 147 million hectors of land estimated by National Commission on Agriculture.

3. India: Soil degradation

4. Types of soil degradation Soil degradation P hysical Chemical Biological ( Overgrazing , Deforestation etc.) (Poor irrigation, excess use of fertilizers , industrial and urban wastes etc.) (Monoculture, excessive tillage etc .)

5. Causes of soil degradation Overgrazing Deforestation Industrialization Overpopulation Over exploitation and mining of land Agricultural activities leading to soil degradation

6. Soil degradation in North east (due to shifting cultivation) Shifting cultivation includes slashing and burning of vegetation. It encourages deforestation ( which is one of the major causes of soil degradation)

7. Shifting cultivation reduces soil fertility and hence afield that had been cultivated left for sever The longer a field is cropped, the greater the loss of soil organic matter, Cation exchange capacity and in Nitrogen and Phosphorus. Increases soil acidity, reduces soil porosity and infiltration capacity.

8. Consequences of Soil degradation Decline in the productivity capacity of the soil Decline in soil usefulness. Accelerate soil erosion by wind and water Soil salinity, alkalinity, acidity lead to poor soil structure and reduce yield. Destruction of soil structure including loss of organic matter.

9. Challenges in India Soil degradation closely linked to poverty, as the degree of degradation increases , crop and animal yields decline and people have both less to eat and less to sell to support themselves Overpopulation Being a developing country

10. Solutions of Soil Degradation Scientific analysis of soil: use of chemicals- fertilizers, insectiticides , weedicides , fungicides etc. Plantation. Over irrigation should be avoided. Over grazing, tilling should be controlled. Agricultural activities: integrated farming, crop rotation. Concretization need to be proper planned. Industrial & Municipal wastage dumping site to be properly selected with scientific analysis. RRR Model & Waste Management.

11. Green belt in Gujarat Mathauri construction in Assam

12. Humus carried by flood Terraced irrigation Molai Forest Ecotourism development

13. Thank you