Soil_Mechanics_Foundation_Engineering_Notes.pptx

This presentation is a set of study notes for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, a core subject in civil engineering. The slides summarize the essential concepts of soil properties, permeability, effective stress, consolidation, shear strength, and bearing capacity. Applications such as retaining walls and slope stability are also highlighted.

Illustrations are included to show soil profiles, stress diagrams, and earth pressure distributions. These slides were created as student-prepared learning materials in 2025, intended for review, exam preparation, and sharing with peers.

1. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Study Notes - Civil Engineering 2025

2. Soil Properties • Soil classification: coarse-grained (sand, gravel) vs fine-grained (silt, clay). • Index properties: water content, density, void ratio. • Soil structure and compaction affect engineering behavior.

3. Permeability and Seepage • Darcy’s Law: q = k × i × A. • Seepage occurs when water flows through soil pores. • Important for dam foundations and groundwater control.

4. Effective Stress Principle • Effective stress = Total stress – Pore water pressure. • Controls soil strength and deformation. • Key for slope stability and foundation design.

5. Consolidation and Settlement • Consolidation: volume decrease due to expulsion of water. • Settlement types: immediate, primary, secondary. • Terzaghi’s theory used to estimate settlement in clays.

6. Shear Strength of Soils • Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion: τ = c + σ' tanφ. • Cohesion (c) and friction angle (φ) are key soil parameters. • Direct shear test and triaxial test measure soil strength.

7. Bearing Capacity of Foundations • Shallow foundation: spread footing, mat foundation. • Deep foundation: piles, drilled shafts. • Terzaghi’s bearing capacity theory widely used.

8. Retaining Walls and Slope Stability • Retaining walls resist lateral soil pressure. • Rankine and Coulomb theories estimate earth pressure. • Slope stability analyzed using limit equilibrium methods.

9. Illustrations Illustration examples: soil profile layers, effective stress diagram, retaining wall with soil pressure distribution.