FROM WHOM SOIL POLLUTION CAME INTO NOTICE : SOIL POLLUTION DUE TO SOIL WASTE DISPOSAL WAS BROUGHT TO FOREFRONT OF PUBLIC ATTENTION BY LOVE CANAL IN1978 .
INTRODUCTION
SOIL POLLUTION DEFINITION CAUSES EFFECTS ROLE OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN PREVENTION CONTROL MEASURES CASE STUDIES
DEFINITION SOIL POLLUTION IS DEFINED AS THE CHANGE IN PHYSICAL , CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE SOIL THROUGH MAN’S INTERVENTION RESULTING IN DEGRADATION IN QUALITY.
URBANISATION: CONTAMINATION OF SOIL DUE TO WASTE WATER.UNFIT OF AGRICULTURAL LAND DUE TO CONSTRUCTION OF DAMS , PROJECTS ... IN NEAR BY PLACES. INSUSTRIAL WASTE: DISCHARGE OF LARGE QUANTITIES OF TOXIC,FLAMMABLE,NON-BIODEGRADABLE SUBSTANCES ON LAND RESULTS IN SOIL POLLUTION .
MINING: MINING REFERS TO PROCESS BY WHICH NON-RENEWABLE SUBSTANCES AND VALUABLE MINERALS ARE EXRACTED FROM EARTH.IT LEADS TO CHANGE IN COMPOSITION OF SOIL . AGRICUTURAL WASTE: WASTES LIKE LEAVES ,GRASS... AND CHMICAL FERTILIZERS LIKE PESTICIDES, INSECTICIDES FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSE DEGRADES SOIL FERTILITY.
DOMESTIC WASTE: IT INCLUDES WASTES SUSCH AS FOOD WASTES, PAPER., GLASS,PLASTIC MATERIALS... CONTRIBUTE TO SOIL POLLUTION. RADIOACTIVE WASTE: NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS, NUCLEAR TESTING, AND EXPLOSION... ADD VARIABLE AMOUNT OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS TO SOIL.
EFFECTS DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIES WASTES ON FERTILE LANDS DEGRADES THE QUALITY OF SOIL. URBAN WASTE SLOWLY POISON THE SOIL,DAMAGING ITS FERTILITY. RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS THAT PRESENT IN POLLUTED SOIL ENTER FOOD CHAIN THROUGH PLANTS.
CONTROL MEASURES BIODEGRADABLE WASTES USED FOR BIOGAS... AND NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTES MAY BE RECYCLED... PLANTING OF TREES MUST BE ENCOURAGED... DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS RADIOACTIVE WASTES INTO SOIL SHOULD BE PROHIBITED... SOLID WASTE CAN ALSO BE USED FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION... USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES SHOULD BE MINIMISED...
ROLE OF AN INDIVIDUAL Avoid using noncyclic plastic products. Don't through plastic on roads. Industries should dispose the chemical waste properly. Enacting environmental laws and taking legal action against environmental offenders . Dumping of non biodegradable wastes in low lying areas. People must be educate about pollutions by public awareness activities.
WASTE DISPOSAL 2
CASE STUDIES... LAND DEGRADATION AND DROUGHT IN INDIA: It is important to protect the land from deforestation, fragmentation, degradation and drought. About 69% of India's total geographical area is under dry lands .These areas incidentally are highly populated which makes the people impacts livelihoods directly . An estimated 32 percent of India’s total land area is affected by land degradation.
Land degradation in EGYPT: In the Nile valley and reclaimed desert fringes, land degradation is caused by water logging, alkalinity of soils And soil pollution by agrochemicals and chemicals from industry. Lands in the eastern desert are degraded due to water and wind degradation . Land degradation in western desert are over exploitation of soil groundwater resources . Land degradation in northern coastal belts are degraded due to overgrazing , wind ,conversion of rangelands in rain fed croplands.