Soil profile

The arrangement of these horizons in a soil is known as a soil profile. Soil scientists, who are also called pedologists, observe and describe soil profiles and soil horizons to classify and interpret the soil for various uses. Soil horizons differ in a number of easily seen soil properties such as color, texture, structure, and thickness.
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1. SOIL PROFILE PRESENTED BY AGLAIA

2. Definition of Soils Soil is the collection of natural bodies on earth’s surface containing living matter and supporting, or capable of supporting plants. Its upper limit is the atmosphere (air) or water, and at its lateral margins it grades to deep water or barren areas of rock and ice. Its lower limit is normally considered to be the lower limit of the common rooting zone (root zone) of the native perennial plants, a boundary that is shallow in the deserts and tundra and deep in the humid tropics.

3. What is a Soil Profile? A Soil Profile is a vertical cross-section of layers of soil found in a given area. Below are two examples of soil profiles.

4. O-Horizon The “Organic Matter” Horizon Surface-layer, at depths of 0-2 feet Dark in color, soft in texture Humus - rich organic material of plant and animal origin in a stage of decomposition Leaf litter – leaves, needles, twigs, moss, lichens that are not decomposing Several O-layers can occur in some soils, consisting only of O-horizons

5. A-Horizon “Topsoil” or “ Biomantle ” Horizon Topmost layer of mineral soil , at depths of 2-10 feet Some humus present, darker in color than layers below Biomantle - most biological productive layer; earthworms, fungi, and bacteria live this layer Smallest and finest soil particles

6. E-Horizon The “Leaching Layer” Horizon Small layer between A & B horizons At depths of 10-15 feet Light in color, mainly sand & silt Poor mineral and clay content due to leaching – the loss of water-retaining plant nutrients to the water table Soil particles larger than in A horizon but smaller than in B horizon

7. B-Horizon The “Subsoil” Horizon At depths of 10-30 feet Rich in clay and minerals like Fe & Al Some organic material may reach here through leaching Plant roots can extend into this layer Red/brown in color due to oxides of Fe & clay

8. C-Horizon The “Regolith” Horizon At depths of 30-48 feet Made up of large rocks or lumps of partially broken bedrock Least affected by weathering and have changed the least since their origin Devoid of organic matter due to it being so far down in the soil profile

9. R-Horizon The “Bedrock” Horizon At depths of 48+ feet Deepest soil horizon in the soil profile No rocks or boulders, only a continuous mass of bedrock Colors are those of the original rock of the area

10. Soil Forming Factors CL - Climate OR - Organisms P - Parent Material T - Time T – Topography = CLORPTT (an easier way to remember the soil forming factors)

11. Review of Soil Forming Factors Climate Organisms Parent Material Time Topography

12. Components of the Soil Profile  A soil horizon makes up a distinct layer of soil.  The soil profile extends from the soil surface to the parent rock material.  The regolith includes all of the weathered material within the profile. The regolith has two components: Solum Saprolite

13. THANK YOU  For more…. Mail to [email protected]