Soil Science Nutrient management (1).pptx

Soil Science

1. V. Vijishree -2021004129 P. Vinotha - 2021004130 NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS Deductive, INM, IPNS Tools - DSSIFER and VDK

2. Deductive Approach It utilizes the natural variation in soil fertility for calibrating Soil Test Value. Experiments in multi location trials with same set of treatments, pooled and soil test calibration is made. Colwell (1967) developed this approach on the basis that some variables affect the response of crop to fertilizer, if omitted from the correlation between soil test value and crop response, led to poor correlation. To prevent this, a calibration model / Yield response model was suggested which include all variables affecting the responses to fertilizer .

3. In this approach, field experiments are conducted in multiple locations, pooled and soil test calibration is made. Formulation of hypothesis Selection of soil sample Laboratory analysis Data interpretation Comparison and evaluation Conclusion

4. Integrated Nutrient Management Principles of INM Assessment of basic soil fertility and climate Nature of the crop, cropping system and yield target Atleast 30% of NPK should be in organic forms

5. To provide an ideal nutrition system for various soil plant situation To ensure efficient use of nutrient resources To avoid over exploitation of natural resources To maintain long term soil fertility To prevent soil degradation To maintain ecology   Objectives of INM

6. Components of INM Organic sources : Animal manures Crop residues Agro-industry wastes Green manures with legume Inorganic sources : Chemical fertilisers Agronomic : Time and method of fertilizer application manipulations Sources of plant nutrients Crops and its variety Time of seedling/planting Water management Weed + Plant protection

7. Biofertilizers : BGA , Azolla , Azospirillum , Rhizobium, VAM, Azotobacter Phosphobacter

8. INM STRATEGY •Maintenance or adjustment of soil fertility. Plant nutrients supply to sustain desired levels of crop productivity. Focus on cropping system rather than on individual crop. Focus on farming system rather than an individual field. Does not prevent use of artificial fertilizer. Relies on BNF + Organic manures + Artificial fertilizers

9. https://youtu.be/LQECi-mTyUU?si=5V7KJLO7hfFO4tZ5

10. Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS) Concept IPNS is the promotion and maintenance of soil fertility for sustaining crop productivity through all possible sources (organic, inorganic and biological) in an integrated manner appropriate to each farming situation Includes the intelligent use of inorganic, organic and biological resources so as to sustain optimum yields, improve or maintain soil physical and chemical properties and provide crop nutrition packages which are technically sound, economically attractive, practically feasible and environmentally safe Principal aim of the integrated approach is to utilize all the sources of plant nutrients in a judicious (careful) and efficient manner

11. Concepts and principles of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) How INM differs from conventional farming? Integrated nutrient management differs from conventional nutrient management in that it considers nutrients from different sources, notably organic materials, nutrients carried over from previous cropping seasons, transformation of nutrients in soil. In conventional farming, people gave more emphasis on grain yield through use of chemical fertilizers, use of hi gh yielding varieties and chemical pesticides along with irrigation facilities.

12. In INM it integrates/combines the objectives of production with ecology and environment, that is, optimum crop nutrition, optimum functioning of the soil health, and minimum nutrient losses or other adverse effect on the environment. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) has to be considered an integral part of any sustainable agricultural system.

13. Decision Support System for Integrated Fertiliser Recommendation  (DSSIFER)   DSSIFER is a user friendly software and the updated version (DSSIFER 2010) which is a computer based decision support system, developed in Visual Basic 6.0 as a “Stand Alone” version utilises the crop and location specific fertiliser prescriptions evolved through Soil Test Crop Response based Integrated Plant Nutrition System (STCR-IPNS) developed by the ICAR-AICRP-STCR , Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, TNAU, Coimbatore and Mitscherlich -Bray percentage sufficiency based recommendations developed by the Soil Testing Wing of the State Department of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu.

14. If both recommendations are not available for a particular soil – crop situation, the software can generate prescriptions using blanket recommendations but based on soil test values. Using this software, fertilizers doses can be prescribed for about 1645 situations and for 190 agricultural and horticultural crops along with fertilisation schedule.

15. If site specific soil test values are not available, data base included in the software on village fertility indices of all the districts of Tamil Nadu will generate soil test based fertiliser recommendation. Besides, farmers‘ resource based fertilizer prescriptions can also be computed. Therefore, adoption of this technology will not only ensure site specific balanced fertilisation to achieve targeted yield of crops but also result in higher response ratio besides sustaining soil fertility .

16. In addition, the software also provides technology for problem soil management and irrigation water quality appraisal. Moreover, STLs of all the organisations can generate and issue the analytical report and recommendations in the form of Soil Health Card (both in English &Tamil) which can be maintained by the farmers over long run. Fertilizer prescription: DSSIFER can help prescribe fertilizer doses. Soil disorder diagnosis : DSSIFER can help diagnose soil disorders like salinity and alkalinity, and suggest ways to improve them . Irrigation water quality : DSSIFER can help assess the quality of irrigation water. Integrated plant nutrient supply system (IPNSS): DSSIFER can help monitor soil health and assess the impact of IPNSS Uses

17. Visual Diagnostic Kit (VDK) It is a software for identifying nutrient deficiencies in crops and management developed in the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, TNAU, Coimabtore.  VDK comprises of visual symptoms and specific recommendations for the nutrient deficiency. It is also an interactive tool for the specific queries by the farmer or the client. It is available in English and Tamil

18. User friendly tool for identification of nutrient deficiencies Covers 20 field crops & 45 horticultural crops Provides prescriptions to correct deficiencies Interactive device answering the queries of the user Can be used in Village Knowledge Centers as referral tool