Solar based smart street light system

this research paper is helpful for those guys who are interested in solar based project and it is helpful for saving our electricity on highways, roads, street...

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Abstract--This paper describes the design and
implementation of an energy efficient solar-powered smart
street light system. As we are moving towards becoming a
superpower nation, we are facing one of the major
problems also faced by the rest of the world and that is the
energy crisis. To overcome this problem renewable energy
is rapidly gaining the focus of developing countries as well
as fully developed countries too. Conventional energy
resources are not only limited in quantity but also
responsible for the rapid increase of pollution in the
environment. Solar energy is an eye catcher energy
resource and gaining everybody's attention as a renewable
energy resource. Solar energy is converted into electrical
energy with the help of solar cells. To increase the overall
efficiency of solar energy we are using dual axis solar
tracking system, this solar energy is utilized for lighting up
the street light. Light Dependent Resistors (LDR) and DC
Gear motors are used to control the solar panel with the
help of a microcontroller. On the other hand, for saving
the energy and turn on the lights automatically during the
night we are using LDR sensor to sense the day and night
and also the movement of the vehicles with help of
Infrared sensor to turn on the street lights automatically
when they pass by and automatically turn off when not in
use.
Key Words—Solar Module, DC Gear Motor, LDR
Sensor, IR Sensor, Microcontroller.
I.INTRODUCTION
Energy is the most common and most important
factor required for a developing nation. According
to survey reports, we are 85% depended on fossil
fuels, and these fuels are limited in quantity. And
these fuels are non-renewable energy resources if
we keep onusing these resources, then we are not
sure that it will be enough left for our future
generations. The objective of our project is to
increase the efficiency of the output, which we are
getting through the solar panel and with the help of
this energy weprovide the electricity to street light
during the night hours. Hence, with the prototype of
our project, we are trying to explain how solar
This work is also supported by our college and fellow class member as their
valuable suggestions.
tracker and Smart Street light can help us on a large
scale.
Thisproject is divided into two parts:-
1) SolarTracking System:-Solar Tracking system
is helping us to track the sun rays and rotate the
solar panel parallel to the sunlight. For achieving
this operation, we are using LDR's to sense the
intensity and send the signals to the microcontroller
which rotates the solar panel in both horizontal and
vertical axis with the help of motors. It will help us
to obtain maximum intensity of light so that our
battery can be charged easily for providing the
supply to street lights.
2) Smart Street Light:-The energywhich we
obtained from the solar tracker will be used as the
power supply of the street lights. These street lights
will turn on automatically for working at night
when any vehicle passes by the sensors. To
determine the day and night period we are using
LDR which will make the supply contact of IR
sensors only during the night hours. For
determining the vehicle or any pedestrian
movement IR sensors are used for giving the
commands to LED's to glow otherwise they will be
in off conditions.
II.NEED OF THISSYSTEM
Solar Powered Smart Street Light System is
required because we have thousands of kilometer
long highways and roads. Solar energy is directly
obtained from the sun, hence we do not have to
worry about the quantity because it is unlimited. If
we are successful in implementing this system then,
we can save a huge amount of fuel cost for
generating electricity and save energy from getting
wasted. Solar energy is totally free of cost, so we
don't need to pay for the raw fuel. It does not
require any special type of setup, only solar panels
SOLAR POWERED SMART STREET LIGHT SYSTEM
Sonam Mittal,Asst. Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics, UG Students:Ashutosh
Kumar, Vivek Kumar, Mohit Achhwan, Abhilash Khansali, Chetan Anand Agrahari, Department of
Electrical andElectronics, Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and Management, Delhi

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are required for the generation which directly
converts solar energy into electrical energy. Solar
energy is totally renewable and eco-friendly energy
resource.
III.LITERATUREREVIEW
In this firstly the microcontroller is major part of
solar tracking system, it controls all operation. The
solar panel is aligned according to algorithm under
the control of microcontroller. Two dc gear motors
are used for the movement of solar panel in two
axes. The speed of dc gear motor is controlled by
motor driver circuit. PWM or Pulse Width
Modulation technique is used to digitally control
speed of dc motors. The LDRs are connected in
each side of solar panel which compare intensity of
light and give signal accordingly to Arduino for
movement of solar panel.
The energy which we obtain from solar panel is
stored in the battery bank. Now this power is used
as an input power source for the street light. In
street light system, LDR is connected which
automatically turn on street light at nightand turn
off at day. The IR sensor is placed on highway as it
detects the vehicle movement, it turns on the street
light of that particular area where vehicle is detected
by IR sensor & remaining light remains off. So, this
whole system helps to save moreenergy, which
leads to increase in efficiency of the system.
IV.HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE
HARDWARE USED:
Polycrystalline Solar module, Arduino Uno,
Motor drive, LDRs, IR module, IR sensor,
LEDs, Battery.
SOFTWARE USED:
Arduino IDE 1.8.7 (C Programming)
V.DESIGN
Fig.1:-Block diagram
Solar Panel:
A 6 V polycrystalline solar module is used by us for
the production of the necessary electrical energy for
the charging ofthebattery.
Light Dependent Resistor:
The light Dependent Resistors or simply LDRs are
the sensing element that either increase or decrease
their resistance according to the presence or absence
of the light (or photons).
IR Sensor:
The IR sensor module is the system of sensory that
works on Infrared radiations, on the detection of the
radiationson the receiver of the module provides
the signal for the condition.
Motor Drive:
The motor drive is used to provide the necessary
power to rotate the motor as well as is used to
control the rotation of the motors.
Arduino Uno:
Arduino is amicrocontroller based electronic device
which contains all hardware and software
components of a system, all addressing of hardware
in that chip.
Battery:
A 9 volt general purpose battery is used in this
project to provide necessary voltage for the rotation
of the motors on the tracking system.

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LEDs:
A light emitting diode is a two lead semiconductor
device .It has ap-n junction diodethat emits light
when activated , and then a suitablecurrentis
applied to the leads,electronsare able to recombine
withelectron-holeswithin the device, releasing
energy in the form ofphotons i.e. the light.
Fig.2:-Smart street light circuitry
VI.PROPOSEDWORK
Fig. 3;-Flow chart of Solar Tracking System
This project is consist of a Polycrystalline Solar
module and four Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs)
which is mounted on the solar panel, two on each
axis which provide both horizontal as well as
vertical light detection system. A microprocessor
Arduino Unois used which provides necessary
actions as the programming is feed on it by the
programmer, and a Motor drive is provided after
Arduino Uno for the two motors (one for vertical
movement and other for horizontal movement).
The four LDRs detects the intensity of the light
from the Sun and sends a signal to Arduino Uno,
and then Arduino Uno will send signal proportional
from the respective LDR/LDRs to the motors
through the motor drive module for their rotation
according to the need. The motor then, drives or
rotates the solar panel either vertically or
horizontally, accordingly. Solar Panel will then
charge the battery through which the electrical
energy will store into the battery.
Fig. 4:-Flow chart of Smart street light system
The smart street lightsystem is consists of a IR
module afterward to a IR sensor which is connected
to the street light’s LEDs. A LDR is connected to
the IR module for the sensory purpose.
The battery will provide the necessary electrical
energy to the smart street light system, in which a
LDR sensor is connected to the IR module which

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will sense the presence of the sunlight and
accordingly change its resistance value and will
either activate the IR module or deactivate it
according to the condition. After the condition is
checked, the IR sensor set will send and receive the
signal and will detect whether there is any vehicle
that is in the road or not and, will send this signal to
the IR module for further instruction to the LEDs on
the Street Lights. If they detect any vehicleon the
road then the LEDs will glow and if they didn’t
sense anything then the LEDs will remain off and
by this the system will provide the necessary
illumination for the moving vehicles at the time of
usage only.
VII.ADVANTAGES
Abundant in nature.
Fuel isfree of cost.
Pollution-free and environmental friendly.
Tracker generate more electricity in roughly
same amount of space needed for fixed tilt
system.
Automation of the street light system.
VIII.CONCLUSION
This paper elaborates the design and construction of
solar-powered smart street light system. Based on
the obtained results we can conclude that the
proposed system offers several advantages and
some of them are: The system designed is cost
effective. Using this system we can extract
maximum power from solar panel or we can say
that the overall efficiency of solar panel is increased
when compared with the conventional fixed type
solar panels. By using this system, we can also
reduce the power consumption of street lighting
system to about 10-20% when compared to
conventional design. Based on above results we can
say that the proposed system is effective and
successfully fulfils the desired objective of power
conservation.
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