solar still

There are many types of solar still, including large scale concentrated solar stills and condensation traps (better known as moisture traps amongst survivalists). In a solar still, impure water is contained outside the collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through clear plastic or glass. The pure water vapor condenses on the cool inside surface and drips down, where it is collected and removed.

Distillation replicates the way nature makes rain. The sun's energy heats water to the point of evaporation. As the water evaporates, water vapor rises, condensing into water again as it cools and can then be collected. This process leaves behind impurities, such as salts and heavy metals, and eliminates microbiological organisms. The end result is pure distilled water.

1. Experimental Study of Solar still Submitted to: Submitted by: Dr. Vivek Sachan Priyam Kumar (Asst. Professor) Vijay Shankar AITM Kanpur Shyam Ji Verma Harshit Sharma Sandeep Kumar Sandeep Gond Department of Mechanical Engineering Axis Institute of Technology & Management, Kanpur

2. CONTENTS Introduction Review of Literature Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusion References

3. Introduction A solar still distills water, using the heat of the Sun to evaporate, cool then collect the water. In a solar still, impure water is contained out side the collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through translation glass. The pure water vapour condensates and cools the inside surface, and drips down where it is collected and removed .

4. Solar Still Energy Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of every solving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaic, solar thermal energy.

5. OBJECTIVES 1. To design and fabricate solar still.   2. To study the effect of water depth on the performance of solar still.

6. Working principle of Solar still The basic principle behind solar distillation simple and replicates the natural process of water

7. Working of a solar still A solar still is a very simple way for distilling water, which is powered by the heat of the sun. Impure water is inserted into the container, where it is evaporated by the sun through clear glass. The pure water evaporated condenses on top and drips down to side, where it is collected and removed.

8. Working step 1.Basic elements in a solar still. 2.Incoming solar radiation (energy). 3 Evaporation of water 4.Condensation of water vapour. 5.Water production from saline water. 6.Collection of fresh water.

9. Experimental process

10. Investigation Solar Still

11. Simple model View

12. Material and Method Materials selection. In this work, primary considerations were focused on ultimate cost of delivered energy in the design and fabrication of the solar stills. Galvanized iron sheet (G-I) Sheet Glass cover. Silicone sealant .

13. COST ANALYSIS S/N MATERIAL (COST) Rs 1 Galvanized Iron Sheet 2300 2 Translation Glass 400 3 Silicone sealant 100 4 Stand 400 5 Water pipe 20 6 Insulation pant 50 7 L- Section Al steel 60 Total 3330 Rs

14. Affecting Parameter of Solar Still The rate of evaporation of water is the Solar radiation is proportional to the glass surface area of absorption of water . The productivity increases with the increase in the exposure area of the water. studied the effect of insulation thickness on the increase productivity of the solar still.

15. II. FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SOLAR STILL A. Absorbing Materials B. Absorbing Area C. Cooling Of Cover D. Slope of Cover and Geometry of Still E. Temperature of Glass Cover F. Inlet Water Temperature G. Depth of Brine H. Vaccum Technology

16. Solar radiation measurement

17. Temperature measurements

18. Yield Measurement

19. Results and discussion In this section the performance, distillate quality variation of productivity with time.

20. Temperature difference with time

21. Variation of solar intensity with time of a day

22. Conclusion Single slope solar still was fabricated and tested. The cost effective design is expected to provide the rural communities an efficient way to convert the impure water into potable water, glass cover . The efficiency of solar still is 10.67 %.

23. The solar still remains to be the basic technique for the inexpensive production of water and is a low-tech method that can be easily adopted by local rural people. With the growing global oil crisis, the need for alternatives to conventional desalination plants based on fossil fuels grows. The use of solar stills has so far been restricted to small-scale systems due to their relatively low thermal efficiency and production rate compared with the large areas required. They tend to be competitive, however, with other renewable-desalination technologies in small scale production due to their relatively low cost and simplicity.

24. As presented in this review, the effect of absorber material and absorber area, cooling of cover, temperature of glass cover, inlet water temperature, slope of cover as well as still geometry and brine depth have significant impacts on yield and efficiency. These factors should therefore be taken into account in novel designs. Promoting solar distillation further requires focusing research efforts on improving existing technology to lower costs and developing more compact installations that reduce land use. The use of solar panels, collectors, ponds, condensers, and other productivity-enhancing devices requires considerable space and thus developing more compact systems with low cost is a main challenge.

25. The following key points can be noted to improve productivity of solar still: Maintaining minimum water depth in the basin increases the productivity of the solar stills. The increase in the depth of water decreases the still productivity. The use of use of water absorbing materials like jute cloth, wick and charcoal cloth increases the area of absorption and thereby increases the productivity of the stills. The use of finned plate, corrugated plate and floating thermocol insulation in the still basin also increases the performance of the solar stills. The water–glass cover temperature difference should be increased to increase the performance of the solar stills. The glass cover can be cooled by flowing water over the glass cover at an optimum flow rate. The inlet water may be preheated to increase the productivity of the solar stills. The evaporation and condensation rate for preheated water is more compared to the ordinary water.

26. The water may be preheated by integrating the still with a flat plate collector, solar pond and heat pipe. Maintaining vaccum conditions in the still improve the productivity. The performance of the still with double basin is comparatively high than the single basin stills. The use of hemispherical plastic cover, reflectors and condensers and other types such as weir type stills, stills with humidification–dehumidification process, multi-effect distilla-tion can improve the productivity.

27. Observation Table S/N Time T w T v T g T a Intensity O/P (ml) 1 11:00 50 51 40.4 35 860 2 12:00 60 57 53 36 900 20 3 12:30 63 61.5 60 36 1000 40 4 1:00 67 64 62 37 1020 60 5 1:30 68 64.5 68.5 38 940 80 6 2:00 67 64.7 68 39 920 100 7 2:30 67 61 60 37 905 120 8 3:00 65 60 58 36 890 110

28. Application 1. Power Source of sun light 2.For operation are very easy. 4. Solar thermal radiation used . 3.We provide quality water for personal and industrial used.

29. Advantage 1.Cheap Cost solar still. 2.Free of charge sun energy. 3.For Not Required A.C. or battery . 4.To easy process of water purification .

30. REFERENCES   1.A. Muthu Manokar a, K. Kalidasa Murugavel a,n, G.Esakkimuthu . Different parameters affecting the rate of evaporation and condensation on passive solar still., Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 38 (2014) 309–322. 2. www.goole//wikipeadia. 3. www.sciencedirect.com 4. www.cie-hub.cc  

31. Thank You