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Solar system

1. Solar system Sun, planets and other bodies

2. Solar system Our solar system consists of a central star (the Sun), planets, dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, comets, meteors, interplanetary gas, dust, and all the “space” in between. Except for Earth, the planets of the solar system are named for Greek and Roman gods and goddesses.

3. Sun The Sun is a star at the center of our solar system. It is estimated to be 4.5 billion years old. It is a huge ball of hydrogen and helium gases held together by the gravity created by its own mass. Average surface temperature is 5500*C It supports all life on Earth through photo- synthesis and is the ultimate source of all food and fossil fuel.

4. Solar system

5. planets Planets are categorized according to size and composition. Small, rocky planets are the inner planets closest to the sun Gas giants are the outer planets Inner planets Outer planets Mercury Jupiter Venus Saturn Earth Uranus Mars Neptune

6. Characteristics of Inner Planets They are made up mostly of rock and metal. They are very heavy. They move slowly in space. They have no rings and few moons. They have a diameter of less than 13,000 km. They have thin atmosphere

7. Characteristics of outer planets They are made up mostly of gases (primarily hydrogen & helium) and ice They are very light for their size. They move quickly in space. They have rings and many moons. They have a diameter of 49,000 km or greater.

8. General information about planets Mercury is known as “Dead planet”. It is fastest moving planet of solar system. It is about 1/3 of Earth’s size. Venus is called Earth’s twin as it i s about the same size as Earth. It is the hottest and brightest planet, known as morning and evening star. Only planet that rotate clockwise. (Mercury and Venus have no moon)

9. General information about planets Earth is third planet from the Sun It has 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% argon It has one moon It has a surface composed of 71% water which is necessary for life on Earth. Mars appears red because of iron oxide, or rust, in its soil. Mars has two moons It is about ½ of Earth’s size It has ice caps

10. General information about planets Jupiter is biggest and most massive planet. It is rapidly spinning planet. Takes about 12 years to orbit the sun. Saturn has many rings made of ice ‘Titan’ is the largest natural satellite of Saturn

11. General information about planets Uranus has a blue-green color from the methane gas above the deeper clouds. Methane absorbs red light and reflects blue light. Neptune has no solid surface, but its liquid core is composed of water and other “melted ice.” Uranus and Neptune are twin planets

12. Asteroids Asteroids are either rocky or metallic objects that orbit the Sun. They are too small to considered planets but are sometimes called planetoids. A steroids have lumpy  potato-like  shapes. They can be anywhere from the size of a pebble up to a 1000 km. They have been found inside Earth’s orbit and most asteroids, however, are in the asteroid belt which exists between the orbit of Mars and Jupiter.

13. Comets Comets are made of a mix of ice, rock and gas. They're also leftovers from the formation of the solar system and orbit the sun. Because of the way they're made, as they get closer their ice and dust begin to melt which gives it a beautiful tail. These tails can stretch for millions of miles and are sometimes visible from Earth. As comets approach the Sun, radiation from the Sun evaporates the ice and gases, creating the long tail. The closer to the Sun, the longer the tail of the comet. The tail of the comet always faces away from the Sun because of the solar wind coming from the Sun.

14. Meteors, Meteoroids, and Meteorites Meteor -flash of light we see (shooting star)when a small chunk of interplanetary debris burns up as it passes through our atmosphere. Meteoroids -are stony or metallic debris that travels through outer space – some directed to Earth. They are smaller than asteroids and contain less water and ice than comets. Meteorite - what is left that strikes the Earth’s surface if the meteoroid does not burn up completely. 92.8% of all meteorites are composed of silicate (stone), and 5.7% are composed of iron and nickel