Solid fuel

SOLID FUAL AND ITS TYPES

1. Solid fuels and its types A seminar presented in the partial fulfillment for the requirements of the internal assessment of M.Sc. 3 rd semester. Presented by Uttam Hazarika Enrolment No. : ABHS510008 Department of Chemistry Arunachal University of Studies, Namsai 15 th Sept. 2018

2. Content Introduction 1 Types of Solid fuels 2 Primary solid fuels 3 Secondary Solid fuels 5 Advantages 7 Disadvantages 8 Conclusion 9 Acknowledgement 10

3. Introduction Fuel is a combustible substance, containing carbon as a main constituent, which on proper burning gives large amount of heat, which can be used economically for domestic and industrial purpose. Fossil fuels are those, which have been derived from fossil of plant and animal life. Fossil fuels are found in the earth’s crust. 1/10

4. Types of Solid fuel Fig. 1 : Line diagram of Solid fuel SOLID FUELS Natural or Primary solid fuel Artificial or Secondary solid fuel Wood, coal, oil shale etc. Coke, charcoal, Briquettes etc. 2/10

5. Primary solid fuel: Wood The most commonly used and easily obtainable solid fuel is wood. It is the oldest type of fuel which man had used for centuries after the discovery of the fire itself. The ash content of wood is negligible. 3/10

6. Primary solid fuel: Coal Coal is a mineral substance of plant matter origin. It is classified on the basis of its rank. Plant matter Peat Natural coal Lignite Bituminous Anthracite 4/10

7. Secondary solid fuel: Coke It is obtained from destructive distillation of coal, being left in the shape of solid residue. Coke can be classified into two categories and hard coke. Soft coke Hard coke Soft coke is obtained as the solid residue from the destructive distillation of coal in the temperature range of 600-650 o C. It contains 5 to 10% volatile matter. It burns without smoke. It is extensively used as domestic fuel. Hard coke is obtained as solid residue from the destructive distillation of coal in the temperature range of 1200-1400 o C. It burns with smoke and is a useful fuel for metallurgical process . 5/10

8. Secondary solid fuel: Charcoal Charcoal is a solid product left after produce derived from destructive distillation of wood, being left in the shape of solid residue. Charcoal burns rapidly with a clear flame, producing no smoke and developing heat of about 6,050 Cal/kg. Charcoal is used as Metallurgical fuel Industrial fuel Cooking fuel Carbon source 6/10

9. Advantages They are easy to transport. They are convenient to store without any risk of spontaneous explosion. Their cost of production is low. They posses moderate ignition temperature. 7/10

10. Disadvantages Large proportion of heat is wasted. Burn with clinker formation. Combustion operation cannot be controlled easily. Cost of handling is high. 8/10

11. Conclusion Solid fuels have been used throughout human history to create fire. Solid fuels are cheaper as compared to gaseous or liquid fuels and it is easier to extract, more stable to transport in many places are more readily available . Coal represents by far the largest component of the world’s fossil fuel reserves. 9/10

12. Acknowledgement I would like to express my sincere gratitude to respected Prof . Poonam Rishishwar (Dean, Science), Dr . Manjit singh Chhetri (H.O.D. ,Chemistry), Dr . Md. Juned K. Ahmed ( Asst. Professor, Chemistry ), Dr . Sanjay Singh, Deptt . Of Physics. For providing me an opportunity to do my presentation and help to make it and also thanks to Manash Jyoti Gogoi and my classmates. 10/10

13. References 1. Sarkar , Samir ;”Fuels and Combustion”, 3 rd edition, 2009, Universities press(India) private limited India. 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_fuel 3.https://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda.../9783642028557-c1.pdf 4. nptel.ac.in/courses/103105110/m1l4.pdf

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