solid waste management

the concept of solid waste management is discussed here.

1. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRESENTED BY ANUSMITA GHOSH (17/BBT/38) ANKITA KALITA (17/BBT/49)

2. CONTENT INTRODUCTION TO WASTE TYPES OF WASTE INTRODUCTION TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTE MANAGEMENT CONCEPT – 3R’s SOURCES AND TYPES OF SOLID WASTE DIPOSAL METHODS PROBLEMS CURRENT STATUS INITATIVE TAKEN CONCLUSION REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION TO WASTE Waste is defined as something one does not want anymore and wants to throw away. Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use. WASTE MANAGEMENT Waste management are the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste management process.

4. TYPES OF WASTE Municipal waste includes household waste, commercial waste, and demolition waste. Hazardous waste includes industrial waste Biomedical waste includes clinical waste. Special hazardous waste includes radioactive waste, explosive waste, and electronic waste (e-waste).

5. SOLID WASTE Solid waste is defined as non-liquid, non-soluble materials ranging from municipal garbage to industrial wastes that contains complex and hazardous substances. It includes – Garbage, Rubbish, Sewage treatment residues, discarded materials, etc. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Solid-waste management is the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded as it has no longer useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unhygienic conditions which in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne diseases.

6. WASTE MANAGEMENT CONCEPT The 3R’s to be followed for waste management.

7. Reduce The concept of reducing what is produced and what is consumed is essential to the waste hierarchy. If there is less waste, then there is less to recycle or reuse. Disposal goods like paper plate, paper napkins, metal spoons, etc. Recovery of one ton paper can save 17 trees

8. Reuse Reuse of items like old jars and pots. Reuse of newspaper, envelopes, waste paper. Reuse of old books, old clothes, old electric equipment, rechargeable batteries.

9. Recycle The last stage of the waste hierarchy is to recycle. To recycle something means to transform again into a raw material that can be shaped into a new item. Using of shopping bags made of cloth or jute which can be used over and over.

10. SOURCES AND TYPES OF SOLID WASTE SOURCES TYPES OF WASTE Residential Food waste, plastics, woods, glass, textiles, etc Industrial Housekeeping waste, hazardous wastes, ashes, food wastes, etc Commercial Paper, cardboard, plastics, glass, metals, etc Municipal service Street sweeping, wastes from parks, beaches, tree trimming, etc Agriculture Spoiled food waste, agricultural waste, hazardous wastes like pesticides, etc

11. DISPOSAL METHODS Solid waste disposal management is usually referred to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes to change them into a valuable resource. The per capita daily solid waste produced ranges between 0.25-2.5kg in different countries. Some of the techniques are as follows~ Dumping Solid waste sanitary land fills Incineration method Composting process Manure pits Burial

12. DUMPING

13. INCINERATION

14. MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEMS IN INDIA Per capita waste generation is increasing by 1.3% per annum. Yearly increase in waste generation is around 5% annually. India produces 42.0 million tons of municipal solid waste annually at present. Crude dumping of waste in most of the cities.

15. CURRENT STATUS Storage of waste at source is lacking. Domestic waste is thrown on streets. Trade waste on roads. Construction debris are left unattended. Biomedical waste is disposed in municipal waste stream. Industrial waste disposed of in open areas. Street sweeping is not done everyday. Waste transportation is done in open vehicles.

16. INITIATIVE TAKEN BHANGIDARI SCHEME IN DELHI The Delhi government instituted the BHANGIDARI SCHEME for ensuring a compulsory segregation of waste at the household level from January 1, 2004. BANGALORE AGENDA TASK FORCE(BATF) The safai karamcharis pick up the collected waste and transport it to the composting site on the city's outskirts.

17. MUMBAI INITIATIVE Under the dynamic leadership of Ms.Kunti Oza, Clean Mumbai Foundation has taken up solid waste management with the help of corporate sector. A collection system had been organized and the wet garbage is taken to selected sites in parks that would have composting pits .

18. SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN Prime minister of India, Narendra Modi launched the SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN or Clean India Mission on the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi on October 2, 2014 at Rajghat in New Delhi. India's biggest ever cleanliness drive. Around three million government employees and school and college students of India participated in the event in it's initial phase. The mission is estimated to cost around 62,009 crores.

19. CONCLUSION The menace of solid waste in many sectors has become a monstrous reality. Although India has the most comprehensive Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000, it is just a directive on paper without any enforcement and implementation. Resource agencies, like NGOs, are also cooperating in this process but in small amount. The government should implement to educate and inform people about such projects.

20. REFERRENCE Textbook of Environmental Biotechnology by P. K. Mohapatra. https://www.britannica.com/technology/solid-waste-management http://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=solid+waste+management&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/sources-effects-methods-of-solid-waste-management.php

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