Solubilization

presentation on solubilization

1. S olubilization SUBJECT: PHYSICAL PHARMACY Presented By : Guided By: Kanza khan Dr. Tehmina Adnan DE-032 1 ST PROF. PHARM-D (eve)

2. Definition: It can be define as the preparation of the thermodynamically stable isotropic solution of a substance normally insoluble or slightly soluble in a given solvent by the addition of the component or components or by any suitable method. Solubilization

3. Definition: The definition of solubility is the maximum quantity of solute that can dissolve in a certain quantity of solvent or quantity of solution at a specified temperature or pressure. Solubility

4. particle size Temperature Pressure Nature of solid F actors Affecting Solubilization

5. F actors Affecting Solubilization

6. Application of Solubilization Solubilization may lead to enhanced absorption and increase biological activity. Drug absorption from ointment bases and suppositories also increased. Liquid preparation with small quantity of preservative can be prepared by solubilization. Aqueous concentrate of volatile oils can be prepared by solubilization. solubilization of orally administered drug results in an improved appearance and unpleasant taste.

7. DEFINITION: Certain compounds, because of their chemical structure, have a tendency to accumulate at the boundary between two phases such compounds are termed amphiphiles, surface-active agents or surfactants . Surfactant

8. Non-ionic surfactant Anionic surfactant Cationic Amphoteric surfactant Types of Surfactant

9. Properties of Surfactant Wetting of solid: Paraffin and new cotton cloths barely wetted by water, but when the surfactant is added to water their surface easily became wet. Surfactant in floor cleaner are act as a wetting agent. Foaming agent: Foam consists of a gas covered with thin liquid film. Surfactant molecule adsorbed to interface between gas and liquid. They can use in shampoos and lathering shaving cream, so it can produce stable foam when mixed with air pockets enclosed with thin film of liquid . Emulsification: When an oil is added to a water containing a surfactant, the oil is surrounded by a surfactant. Surfactant allow us to mix the substance of different nature. Very important application in food industry, lubricant, paint, polymerization and cosmetics .

10. Dispersion of solid in solution: The effect of surfactants on the dissolution of solids is complex. In addition to effects on the available surface area, surfactants in concentration above the CMC can increase drug solubility and hence the effective concentration gradient . Micellization: A micelle is an aggregate of surfactant molecules dispersed in a liquid colloid. The process of forming micelle is known as Micellization. Micelle formations in polar and non-polar solvent depend on the concentration of the surfactant in the particular solvent . Detergency: Surfactant properties of detergent lead to lowering the surface tension leading to improve wetting, loosing of dirt on a surface, hold oil in a suspension and prevent redisposition of dirt.

11. M icelles DEFINITION: The substance at lower concentration behave as normal electrolyte but at higher concentration, association of particle take place and they form collides called micelle . Critical micelle concentration (CMC ): The concentration at which micelles first form in solution is termed the critical micelle concentration or CMC.

12. • Spherical Micelle: The micelles which are arranged in spherical form are called spherical micelles • Cylindrical Micelle: The micelles which are arranged in rod form are called rod shaped micelles • Lamellar Micelle: The micelles which are arranged in plates (lamellae) form are called lamellar micelles • Disc like Micelle: Micelles are arranged in a disc form are called disc like micelle. Types of Micelles

13. Formulation of Micelles Formulation of micelle is achieved at above critical micelle concentration . Micelles are formed by self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules. The structures contain hydrophilic/polar region (head) and hydrophobic/nonpolar region (tail). Micelles are formed in aqueous solution whereby the polar region faces the outside surface of the micelle and the nonpolar region forms. Micelle formation also depend on the Krafft temperature. This temperature is when surfactants will form micelles. If the temperature is below the Krafft temperature, then there is no spontaneous formation of micelles.