Solution a powerpoint lesson for 4th grade taken from another source thank you to the rightful owner

this lesson presentation was borrowed from the owner and its a good source to use in science lesson. thank you for lending this ppt it made lesson easier.

1. Chemical Interactions
Solutions

2. A Solution is a Type of
Mixture

3. The parts of a solution are
mixed evenly.
•A solution is a homogeneous
mixture: all portions have identical
properties.
•The solute is the substance that is
dissolved.
•The solvent dissolves the solute.

4. •Solutes, solvents,
and solutions can
be liquids, solids, or
gases.
•The solute and
solvent can be in
the same or in
different physical
states.

5. •A suspension is a mixture with large
particles.
The particles do not dissolve.
The mixture is not a solution.

6. Solvent and solute
particles interact.
•When a solid dissolves in a liquid,
the solute breaks apart.
•Solute particles are surrounded by
solvent particles and are evenly
distributed in the solution.

8. •Ionic compounds break up into
individual ions when they dissolve.
•When covalent compounds dissolve,
the molecules separate from each
other, but covalent bonds remain
intact and the individual molecules
remain whole.

9. Properties of solvents
change in solutions.
•A solute changes the physical
properties of a solvent.
The freezing point of a solution is
lower than the freezing point of
the pure solvent.
The boiling point of a solution is
higher than the boiling point of
the pure solvent.

10. The
Amount of
Solute
That
Dissolves
Can Vary.

11. A solution with a high
concentration contains a
large amount of solute.
•The concentration of a solution is the
amount of solute dissolved in it at a
particular temperature.
•Solutions can be made more
concentrated by adding solute.
•Solutions can be made more dilute by
adding more solvent.

12. Degrees of Concentration
Low SolubilityHigh Solubility

13. •A saturated solution holds as much of
a given solute as it can at a given
temperature.
If it holds more solute than normal, it
is supersaturated.
•Very unstable
•Disturbing the solution could cause
excess solute to come out of the
solution as a precipitate.

15. •Every substance has a characteristic
solubility, the amount that will dissolve
in a certain amount of a certain solvent
at a given temperature.

16. The solubility of a solute
can be changed.
•Changes in temperature will change
the solubility.

18. •The solubility
of liquid and
solid solutes
are not usually
affected by
changes in
pressure.

19. Solubility depends on
molecular structure.
•Solubility depends on changes of solute
particles.
•Molecules with regions of electrical
charge (polar molecules) and ions
dissolve in polar solvents such as water.
•Nonpolar molecules (oils) do not have
charged regions and do not dissolve in
polar solvents, but they dissolve in
nonpolar solvents.

21. Solutions
can be
Acidic,
Basic, or
Neutral

22. Acids and bases have
distinct properties.
•Acids:
A substance that can donate a
hydrogen ion to another substance
when the acid is dissolved in water.
•HCl is an acid and donates a H
+
ion
in a water solution.

23. •Acids also:
Taste sour
React with carbonates to form CO
2.
React with many metals.
Turn litmus red.
•Common acids:
Milk, beer, cheese, sauerkraut,
wine, vinegar, lemon juice

24. •Bases:
A substance that can accept a
hydrogen ion from another
substance.
In water, the base NaOH releases
a hydroxide ion, which can accept
a hydrogen ion.

25. •Bases also:
Taste bitter
Feel slippery or
soapy
Turn litmus
blue.
•Common bases:
Borax, milk of
magnesia,
ammonia, oven
cleaner,
peroxide

27. The strength of acids and
bases can be measured.
•Strong acids and bases break apart
completely into individual ions.
No complete molecules of the acid or
base remain in the solution

28. •Weak acids and bases don’t break
apart completely into ions.
It contains both molecules of the
acid/base and its ions.

29. •The acidity of a solution is measured on
the pH scale.
Acids produce higher hydrogen ion
concentration and have a low pH –
from 0 – 7.
Bases produce a low hydrogen ion
concentration and have a high pH –
from 7 – 14.
Solutions of pH 7 are neutral.

30. Acids and bases neutralize
each other.
•When an acid and base come into contact,
they undergo a neutralization reaction.
The hydrogen ion from the acid and the
hydroxide ion from the base combine to
form water.
The negative ion from the acid and the
positive ion from the base combine to form
a salt.
The products of a neutralization reaction –
water and salt – are both neutral
substances.

31. Section 4.4
Metal Alloys are Solid
Mixtures

32. Humans have made alloys
for thousands of years.
•Alloy: a solid mixture that has many of
the characteristics of a solution.
In an alloy, a solid (usually a metal) solute
is mixed with a solid metallic solvent.
Made by melting the metal components
and mixing them in the liquid state.
The physical properties of the alloy are
different from those of the solvent
metal.

33. •Two types of alloys:
Substitutional alloy: atoms of one
metal are replaced by the other
metal (brass).
Interstitial alloy: (Steel) Carbon
atoms occupy the gaps between
the iron atoms.

35. Alloys have many uses in
everyday life.
•Automotive - pistons, cylinder blocks and
liners, sliding bearings, wheels.
•Aerospace - actuators and gears, structural
elements, bearings and wheels, gas turbines.
•Oil, gas and chemical - valves, pumps,
hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
•Cookware - frying pans, saucepans, knife
sharpeners.
•Medical - prostheses.
•Printing - anilox rolls.