Solution Manual for Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, 13th Edition, Jay Heizer, Barry Render, Chuck Munson

Solution Manual for Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, 13th Edition, Jay Heizer, Barry Render, Chuck Munson
Solution Manual for Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, 13th Edition, Jay Heizer, Barry Render, Chuck Munson
Solution Manual for Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, 13th Edition, Jay Heizer, Barry Render, Chuck Munson

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1
C H A P T E R
Operations and Productivity
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. The text suggests four reasons to study OM. We want to understand (1) how people organize themselves for productive enterprise,
(2) how goods and services are produced, (3) what operations managers do, and (4) this costly part of our economy and most enterprises.
LO 1.1: Define operations management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

2. With some 40% of all jobs being in the OM field, the career opportunities are prolific. The text suggests many career opportunities. OM
students find initial jobs throughout the OM field, including supply chain, logistics, purchasing, production planning and scheduling, plant layout,
maintenance, quality control, inventory management, etc.
LO 1.3: Identify career opportunities in operations management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

3. Possible responses include: Adam Smith (work specialization/ division of labor), Charles Babbage (work specialization/division of labor),
Frederick W. Taylor (scientific management), Walter Shewart (statistical sampling and quality control), Henry Ford (moving assembly line),
Charles Sorensen (moving assembly line), Frank and Lillian Gilbreth (motion study), Eli Whitney (standardization).
LO 1.1: Define operations management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

4. See references in the answer to Question 3.
LO 1.1: Define operations management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

5. The actual charts will differ, depending on the specific organization the student chooses to describe. The important thing is for students
to recognize that all organizations require, to a greater or lesser extent, (a) the three primary functions of operations, finance/accounting, and
marketing; and (b) that the emphasis or detailed breakdown of these functions is dependent on the specific competitive strategy employed by
the firm.
LO 1.1: Define operations management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

6. 2 CHAPTER 1 OP E R A T I O N S A N D PR O D U C T I V I T Y
Copyright ©2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

6. The answer to this question may be similar to that for Question 5. Here, however, the student should be encouraged to utilize a more detailed
knowledge of a past employer and indicate on the chart additional information such as the number of persons employed to perform the various
functions and, perhaps, the position of the functional areas within the overall organization hierarchy.
LO 1.1: Define operations management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

7. The basic functions of a firm are marketing, accounting/ finance, and operations. An interesting class discussion: “Do all firms/organizations
(private, government, not-for-profit) perform these three functions?” The authors’ hypothesis is yes, they do.
LO 1.1: Define operations management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

8. The 10 strategic decisions of operations management are product design, quality, process, location, layout, human resources, supply-chain
management, inventory, scheduling (intermediate and short-term), and maintenance. We find this structure an excellent way to help students
organize and learn the material.
LO 1.1: Define operations management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

9. Four areas that are important to improving labor productivity are (1) basic education (basic reading and math skills), (2) diet of the labor
force, (3) social overhead that makes labor available (water, sanitation, transportation, etc.), and (4) maintaining and expanding the skills
necessary for changing technology and knowledge, as well as for teamwork and motivation.
LO 1.8: Identify the critical variables in enhancing productivity
AACSB: Application of knowledge

10. Productivity is harder to measure when the task becomes more intellectual. A knowledge society implies that work is more intellectual
and therefore harder to measure. Because the U.S. and many other countries are increasingly “knowledge” societies, productivity is harder
to measure. Using labor-hours as a measure of productivity for a postindustrial society versus an industrial or agriculture society is very
different. For example, decades spent developing a marvelous new drug or winning a very difficult legal case on intellectual property rights
may be significant for postindustrial societies, but not show much in the way of productivity improvement measured in labor-hours.
LO 1.8: Identify the critical variables in enhancing productivity
AACSB: Analytical thinking

11. Productivity is difficult to measure because precise units of measure may be lacking, quality may not be consistent, and exogenous
variables may change.
LO 1.8: Identify the critical variables in enhancing productivity
AACSB: Reflective thinking

12. Mass customization is the flexibility to produce to meet specific customer demands, without sacrificing the low cost of a product-oriented
process. Rapid product development is a source of competitive advantage. Both rely on agility within the organization.
LO 1.1: Define operations management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

13. Labor productivity in the service sector is hard to improve because (1) many services are labor intensive and (2) they are individually
(personally) processed (the customer is paying for that service—the haircut), (3) it may be an intellectual task performed by professionals,
(4) it is often difficult to mechanize and automate, and (5) it is often difficult to evaluate for quality.
LO 1.8: Identify the critical variables in enhancing productivity
AACSB: Reflective thinking

7. CHAPTER 1 OP E R A T I O N S A N D PR O D U C T I V I T Y 3
Copyright ©2020 Pearson Education, Inc.


14. Taco Bell designed meals that were easy to prepare; with actual cooking and food preparation done elsewhere; automation to save
preparation time; reduced floor space; manager training to increase span of control.
LO 1.8: Identify the critical variables in enhancing productivity
AACSB: Application of knowledge
15. Bureau of Labor Statistics (stats.bls.gov) is a good place to start. Results will vary for each year, but overall data for the economy will
range from 0.9% to 4.8%, and mfg. could be as high as 5% and services between 1% and 2%. The data will vary even more for months or
quarters. The data are frequently revised, often substantially.
LO 1.7: Compute multifactor productivity
AACSB: Application of knowledge
ETHICAL DILEMMA
AMERICAN CAR BATTERY INDUST RY
You may want to begin the discussion by asking how ethical it is for you to be in the lead battery business when you know that any batteries you
recycle will very likely find their way to an overseas facility (probably Mexico) with, at best, marginal pollution containment. Then after a likely
conclusion of “Well someone has to provide batteries,” you can move to the following discussion.
(a) As owner of an independent auto repair shop trying to dispose of a few old batteries each week, your options may be limited. But as an
ethical operator, your first option is to put pressure on your battery supplier to take your old batteries. Alternatively, shop for a battery
supplier who wants your business enough to dispose of your old batteries. Third, because there is obviously a market for the lead in old
batteries, some aggressive digging may uncover an imaginative recycler who can work out an economical arrangement for pickup or
delivery of your old batteries. Another option is, of course, to discontinue the sale of batteries. (This is a problem for many small
businesses; ethical decisions and regulation may be such that they often place an expensive and disproportionate burden on a small firm.)
(b) As manager of a large retailer responsible for disposal of thousands of used batteries each week, you should have little trouble finding a
battery supplier with a reverse supply chain suitable for disposal of old batteries. Indeed, a sophisticated retailer, early on in any supply-
chain development process, includes responsible disposal of environmentally dangerous material as part of the negotiations. Disposal of
old batteries should be a minor issue for a large retailer.
(c) For both a small and large retailer, the solution is to find a “sustainable” solution or get out of the battery business. Burying the batteries
behind the store is not an option. Supplement 5: Sustainability in the Supply Chain provides some guidelines for a deeper class discussion.
END-OF-CHAPTER PROBLEMS 120 boxes
(a) = 3.0 boxes/hour
40 hours
1.1

125 boxes
(b) = 3.125 boxes/hour
40 hours
(c) Change in productivity = 0.125 box/hour
(d) 0.125 box
Percentage change = = 4.167%
3.0

1.2 (a) Labor productivity is 160 valves/80 hours = 2 valves per hour
(b) New labor productivity = 180 valves/80 hours = 2.25 valves per hour
(c) Percentage change in productivity = .25 valve/2 valves = 12.5%

1.3
So,
57,600
= = 200
(160)(12)(0.15)
L laborers employed 57,600
0.15 = , where number of laborers
(160)(12)( )
employed at the plant

L
L
=

8. 4 CHAPTER 1 OP E R A T I O N S A N D PR O D U C T I V I T Y
Copyright ©2020 Pearson Education, Inc.


Units produced 100 pkgs
(a) = = 20 pkgs/hour
Input 5
1.4
133 pkgs
(b) = 26.6 pkgs per hour
5
6.6
(c) Increase in productivity = = 33.0%
20


1.5
Resource Last Year This Year Change Percentage Change

Labor
1,000
= 3.33
300 1,000
= 3.64
275
0.31
0.31
= 9.3%
3.33

Resin
1,000
= 20
50 1,000
= 22.22
45
2.22
2.22
= 11.1%
20

Capital
1,000
= 0.1
10,000

1,000
= 0.09
11,000 –0.01 0.01
= 10.0%
0.1
−
−

Energy
1,000
= 0.33
3,000 1,000
= 0.35
2,850 0.02 0.02
= 6.1%
0.33

1.6
Last Year This Year
Production 1,000 1,000
Labor hr. @ $10 $3,000 $2,750
Resin @ $5 250 225
Capital cost/month 100 110
Energy 1,500 1,425
$4,850 $4,510
[(1,000 / 4,510) (1,000 / 4,850)]
(1,000 / 4,850)
−
= −0.222 0.206 0.016
= = 7.8% improvement*
0.206 0.206


*with rounding to 3 decimal places.
Output
Productivity =
Input
1.7
65 65
(a) Labor productivity = =
(520 × 13) $6,760
= .0096 rug per labor $

65Multifactor
(b) =
productivity(520 × $13) + (100 × $5) + (20 × $50)




65
= = .00787 rug per $
$8,260

9. CHAPTER 1 OP E R A T I O N S A N D PR O D U C T I V I T Y 5
Copyright ©2020 Pearson Education, Inc.


1.8 (a) Labor productivity = 1,000 tires/400 hours = 2.5 tires/hour.
(b) Multifactor productivity is 1,000 tires/(400 × $12.50 + 20,000 × $1 + $5,000 + $10,000) = 1,000 tires/$40,000 = 0.025 tire/dollar.
(c) Multifactor productivity changes from 1,000/40,000 to 1,000/39,000, or from 0.025 to 0.02564; the ratio is 1.0256, so the change
is a 2.56% increase.


1.9 Last Year This Year Change Percentage Change

Labor hrs. 1,500
= 4.29
350
1,500
= 4.62
325 0.33
4.29
= 7.7%

Capital invested 1,500
= 0.10
15,000
1,500
= 0.08
18,000 0.02
0.1
−
= –20%

Energy (btu) 1,500
= 0.50
3,000
1,500
= 0.55
2,750 0.05
0.50
= 10%
Productivity of capital did drop; labor productivity increased as did energy, but by less than the anticipated 15%.

1.10 Multifactor productivity is:
375 autos/[($20 × 10,000) + ($1,000 × 500) + ($3 × 100,000)] = 375/(200,000 + 500,000 +300,000) = 375/1,000,000
= .000375 auto per dollar of inputs

1.11 (a) Before: 500/20 = 25 boxes per hour;
1.12 1,500 × 1.25 = 1,875 (new demand) 

Outputs
= Productivity
Inputs
1,875
= 2.344
Labor-hours
1,875
New process = 800 labor-hours
2.344
800
= 5 workers
160
1,500
Current process = = 2.344
labor-hours
1,500
= labor-hours 640
2.344
640
= 4 workers
160

Add one worker.
After, 650/24 = 27.08
(b) 27.08/25
= 1.083, or an increase of 8.3% in productivity
(c) New labor productivity = 700/24 = 29.167
boxes per hour

10. 6 CHAPTER 1 OP E R A T I O N S A N D PR O D U C T I V I T Y
Copyright ©2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

1.13 (a) Labor change: 1,500 1,500
= = .293 loaf/$
(640 × $8) 5,120
1,875
= 0.293 loaf/$
(800 × $8)

(b) Investment change: 1,500 1,500
= = .293 loaf/$
(640 × $8) 5,120
1,875 1,875
= = .359 loaf/$
(640 × 8) + (100) 5,220
.293 – .293
(c) Percentage change : = 0 (labor)
.293
.359 – .293
Percentage change : = .225
.293
= 22.5% (investment)

The better option is to purchase a new blender because it generates more loaves per dollar.
1,500
Old process =
(640 8) + 500 + (1,500 0.35)
1,500
= = 0.244 loaf/$
6,145
1,875
New process =
(800 8) + 500 + (1,875 0.35)
1,875
= = 0.248 loaf/$
7,556.25
0.248 – 0.244
Percentage change = = 1.6%
0.244


41.1

labor-hours
labor-hours
6,600 vans
(a) = 0.10

= 66,000
x
x
1.15

There are 300 laborers. So, 1,500
Last year =
(350 8) + (15,000 0.0083) + (3,000 0.6)
1.17
  
66,000 labor-hours
= 220 labor-hours/laborer
300 laborers
on average, per month $ output 52($90) + 80($198)
labor-hours 8 (45)
$20,520
= $57.00 per labor-hour
360
1.16 =
=
=
=
6,600 vans
(b) Now = 0.11, so 60,000 labor-hours
labor-hours
60,000 labor-hours
so, 200 labor-hours/laborer
300 laborers
on average, per month

x
x

11. CHAPTER 1 OP E R A T I O N S A N D PR O D U C T I V I T Y 7
Copyright ©2020 Pearson Education, Inc.
=
++
1,500
2,800 124.50 1,800
==
1,500
0.317 doz / $
4,724.5
  
1500
This year =
(325 8) + (18,000 0.0083) + (2,750 0.6)
0.341 doz / $=
0.341 0.317
Percentage change =
0.317
0.076, or 7.6% increase
−
=


CASE STUDY
UBER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
1. First, some drivers (maybe most) may not require a wage that equals those fully engaged in the “taxi” business. It truly could be a
supplemental income. . . . “I’m going that way anyhow so let’s make a few dollars while on the way.” Similarly, the capital investment cost
approaches zero as the car is going that direction anyhow. These are idle or underutilized resources.
From society’s perspective, Uber and its like competitors are desirable because both idle or wasted labor and capital resources are being
utilized. At the same time, as a bonus, Uber is reducing traffic and auto pollution while speeding up the transport of individuals and local
commerce.
As a competitor for the traditional taxi service, Uber seems to be an enhancement in efficiency.
For those faculty who what to spend some time on the larger productivity message, this case provides such an opportunity. Uber, as
Joseph Schumpeter would suggest, has developed a disruptive technology (creative destruction, in a Schumpeterian translation). Innovations
such as this are exactly how economic efficiency is enhanced. The traditional taxi services, with some imagination, could have developed
and adopted this technology, but most were ensconced in their own regulatory cocoon. As is often the case, it takes an outsider, such as Uber
et al. to be creative by putting unused resources to use and providing society greater efficiency.
LO 1.8: Identify the critical variables in enhancing productivity
AACSB: Analytical thinking

2. Perhaps a business model similar to Uber’s can be applied to the trucking industry. And, indeed, Uber has established an Uber app for the
trucking industry. An estimated 30% of trucking backhauls are empty. However, the number of independent truckers or truckers with the latitude
to alter their route may be very small. And this number must be a tiny fraction of independent automobile drivers. So, the ability to “Uberize”
trucking may be very difficult, but utilizing that idle 30% would be huge benefit to society.
LO 1.8: Identify the critical variables in enhancing productivity
AACSB: Analytical thinking

3. Perhaps the Uber model can be used for package delivery, documents, and everything from flowers to groceries. Airbnb (www.airbnb.com) is
applying a similar model to short-term rentals of rooms, apartments, and homes—competing with more traditional bed and breakfast facilities and
hotels.
LO 1.8: Identify the critical variables in enhancing productivity
AACSB: Analytical thinking

VIDEO CASE STUDIES
FRITO-LAY: OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT IN MANUFACTU RING
This case provides a great opportunity for an instructor to stimulate a class discussion early in the course about the pervasiveness of the 10 decisions
of OM with this case alone or in conjunction with the Hard Rock Cafe case. There is a short video (7 minutes) available in MyLab Operations
Management that is filmed specifically for this text and supplements this case.
1.
1

12. 8 CHAPTER 1 OP E R A T I O N S A N D PR O D U C T I V I T Y
Copyright ©2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

◼ Product design: Each of Frito-Lay’s 40-plus products must be conceived, formulated (designed), tested (market studies, focus groups,
etc.), and evaluated for profitability.
◼ Quality: The standards for each ingredient, including its purity and quality, must be determined.
◼ Process: The process that is necessary to produce the product and the tolerance that must be maintained for each ingredient by each
piece of equipment must be specified and procured.
◼ Location: The fixed and variable costs of the facility, as well as the transportation costs and the delivery distance, given the freshness,
must be determined.
◼ Layout: The Frito-Lay facility would be a process facility, with great care given to reducing movement of material within the facility.
◼ Human resources: Machine operators may not have inherently enriched jobs, so special consideration must be given to developing
empowerment and enriched jobs.
◼ Supply chain management: Frito-Lay, like all other producers of food products, must focus on developing and auditing raw material
from the farm to delivery.
◼ Inventory: Freshness and spoilage require constant effort to drive down inventories.
◼ Scheduling: The demand for high utilization of a capital-intensive facility means effective scheduling will be important.
◼ Maintenance: High utilization requires good maintenance, from machine operator to the maintenance department and depot service.
LO 1.1: Define operations management
AACSB: Reflective thinking

2. Determining output (in some standard measure, perhaps pounds) and labor-hours would be a good start for single-factor productivity.
For multifactor productivity, we would need to develop and understand capital investment and energy, as well as labor, and then translate
those into a standard, such as dollars.
LO 1.6: Compute single-factor productivity
LO 1.7: Computer multifactor productivity
AACSB: Reflective thinking

3. Hard Rock performs all 10 of the decisions as well, only with a more service-sector orientation. Each of these is discussed in the solution
to the Hard Rock Cafe case.
LO 1.8: Identify the critical variables in enhancing productivity
AACSB: Reflective thinking
HARD ROCK CAFE: OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT IN SERVICES
There is a short video (7 minutes) available in MyLab Operations Management that is filmed specifically for this text and supplements this
case.
1. Hard Rock’s 10 decisions: This is early in the course to discuss these in depth, but still a good time to get the students engaged in the 10 OM
decisions around which the text is structured.
◼ Product design: Hard Rock’s tangible product is food and like any tangible product it must be designed, tested, and “costed out.” The
intangible product includes the music, memorabilia, and service.
◼ Quality: The case mentions the quality survey as an overt quality measure, but quality can be discussed from a variety of perspectives—
hiring the right people, food ingredients, good suppliers, speed of service, friendliness, etc.
◼ Process: The process can be discussed from many perspectives: (a) the process of processing a guest, to their seat, taking the order,
order processing, delivery of the meal, payment, etc., (b) the process of how a meal is prepared (see, for instance, how one would
make a Hard Rock Hickory BBQ Bacon Cheeseburger (Figure 5.9) or a Buffalo Chicken Mac & Cheese (Figure 14.9) or use the
Method Analysis tool discussed in Chapter 10, or (c) some subset of any of these.
◼ Location: Hard Rock Cafes have traditionally been located in tourist locations, but that is beginning to change.
◼ Layout: Little discussion in the case, but students may be very aware that a kitchen layout is critical to efficient food preparation and
that a bar is critical in many food establishments for profitability. The retail shop in relation to the restaurant and its layout is a critical
ingredient for profitability at Hard Rock.
◼ Human resources: Jim Knight, VP for Human Resources at Hard Rock, seeks people who are passionate about music, love to serve, can
tell a story. This OM decision is a critical ingredient for success of a Hard Rock Cafe and an integral part of the Hard Rock dining
experience.
◼ Supply chain management: Although not discussed in the case, students should appreciate the importance of the supply chain in any food
service operation. Some items like leather jackets have a 9-month lead time. Contracts for meat and poultry are signed 8 months in advance.
2

13. CHAPTER 1 OP E R A T I O N S A N D PR O D U C T I V I T Y 9
Copyright ©2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

◼ Inventory: Hard Rock, like any restaurant, has a critical inventory issue that requires that food be turned over rapidly and that food in
inventory be maintained at the appropriate and often critical temperatures. But the interesting thing about Hard Rock’s inventory is
that they maintain $40 million of memorabilia with all sorts of special care, tracking, and storage issues.
◼ Scheduling: Because most Hard Rock Cafe’s sales are driven by tourists, the fluctuations in seasonal, daily, and hourly demands for
food are huge. This creates a very interesting and challenging task for the operations managers at Hard Rock. (Not mentioned in the
case, linear programming is actually used in some cafes to schedule the waitstaff.)
◼ Maintenance/reliability: The Hard Rock Cafe doors must open every day for business. Whatever it takes to provide a reliable kitchen
with hot food served hot and cold food served cold must be done. Bar equipment and point-of-sale equipment must also work.
LO 1.1: Define operations management
AACSB: Reflective thinking

2. Productivity of kitchen staff is simply the output (number of meals) over the input (hours worked). The calculation is how many meals prepared
over how many hours spent preparing them. The same kind of calculation can be done for the waitstaff. In fact, Hard Rock managers begin with
productivity standards and staff to achieve those levels. (You may want to revisit this issue when you get to Chapter 10 and Supplement 10 on labor
standards and discuss how labor can be allocated on a per-item basis with more precision.)
LO 1.6: Compute single-factor productivity
AACSB: Analytical thinking

3. Each of the 10 decisions discussed in Question 1 can be addressed with a tangible product like an automobile.
◼ Product design: The car must be designed, tested, and costed out. The talents may be those of an engineer or operations manager rather than
a chef, but the task is the same.
◼ Quality: At an auto plant, quality may take the form of measuring tolerances or wear of bearings, but there is still a quality issue.
◼ Process: With an auto, the process is more likely to be an assembly-line process.
◼ Location: Hard Rock Cafe may want to locate at tourist destinations, but an auto manufacturer may want to go to a location that will yield
low fixed or variable cost.
◼ Layout: An automobile assembly plant is going to be organized on an assembly line criterion.
◼ Human resources: An auto assembly plant will be more focused on hiring factory skills rather than a passion for music or personality.
◼ Supply chain management: The ability of suppliers to contribute to design and low cost may be a critical factor in the modern auto
plant.
◼ Inventory: The inventory issues are entirely different—tracking memorabilia at Hard Rock, but an auto plant requires tracking a lot of
expensive inventory that must move fast.
◼ Scheduling: The auto plant is going to be most concerned with scheduling material, not people.
◼ Maintenance: Maintenance may be even more critical in an auto plant as there is often little alternate routing, and downtime is very
expensive because of high fixed and variable cost.
LO 1.4: Explain the distinction between goods and services
AACSB: Reflective thinking

CELEBRITY CRUISES: OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AT SEA
There is a short video (6.5 minutes) available in MyLab Operations Management that is filmed specifically for this text and supplements this
case.
1. Celebrity’s 10 decisions: It is early in the course to discuss these in depth, but still a good time to get the students engaged in the 10 OM
decisions around which the text is structured.
◼ Product design: Celebrity’s product consists of a complete ‘premium’ vacation/holiday experience. It includes accommodations, ports-
of-call, shipboard facilities, food, service, etc. Students should appreciate the full scope of how Celebrity Cruises designs all of the
many attributes of its ‘product.’
◼ Quality: The case mentions the quality survey as an overt quality measure, but quality can be discussed from a variety of perspectives—
hiring the right people, food ingredients, good suppliers, speed of service, cleanliness, friendliness, etc.
◼ Process: Operation of a successful cruise line consists of many processes. The process can be discussed from various perspectives: (a)
the process of welcoming a guest aboard, (b) bill and payment processing, (c) delivery of meals, (d) supply chain, (e) off ship
excursions, etc. The methods analysis tools discussed in Chapter 10 provide a way for students to address and analyze these processes.
◼ Location: Celebrity Cruises provides a unique opportunity for students to address the many aspects of the location decision. First,
where in the world are the customers? Second, from what home ports will Celebrity operate? Third, where are the locations of the
ports-of-call for the ship?
3

14. 10 CHAPTER 1 OP E R A T I O N S A N D PR O D U C T I V I T Y
Copyright ©2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

◼ Layout: How should the ship itself be designed…how many restaurants, how many kitchens, what other amenities (i.e. gym, spa,
theater, shops, library, etc.)? What shipboard features will distinguish differences in pricing?
◼ Human resources: The unique international flavor of the crew on cruise ships generates a wide variety of special recruiting,
motivational, and teamwork issues. A service-oriented staff, carefully recruited and well trained, is a critical ingredient for success of
a ‘hotel at sea’ and an integral part of the premium Celebrity Cruises experience.
◼ Supply chain management: Students should appreciate the importance of the supply chain for a floating hotel that is going to be at sea
for days or even weeks at a time.
◼ Inventory: Because there is seldom resupply once at sea, inventory, but particularly food inventory for hundreds of people, is a critical
issue. Food requirements must be accurately forecasted and be maintained at the appropriate and often critical temperatures. Food is
only one of the many inventory items to be maintained: water, fuel, cleaning supplies, clothes, and memorabilia require all sorts of
special care, tracking, and storage issues.
◼ Scheduling: Fluctuations in location and season create a very interesting and challenging task for the operations managers. Not only
the ships and port access and excursions, but also food deliveries and crews, must all be scheduled.
◼ Maintenance/reliability: The ship is open every day for business. Minor maintenance is performed while the ship is operating, with
more significant maintenance performed annually and major long-term maintenance conducted in dry dock every 5 years.
LO 1.2: Identify the 10 strategic decisions of operations management
AACSB: Reflective thinking

2. Celebrity’s 10 OM decisions are also executed by a manufacturing firm. See, for instance, the Frito-Lay case discussed earlier in this
chapter. Indeed, the theme of the text is that these 10 decisions are pervasive in OM. It matters little if the product is a Frito-Lay product,
an iPhone, or a premium vacation with Celebrity Cruises; all of these 10 decisions are going to be made. The distinction is the
implementation and emphasis placed on each. For instance, product design at Frito-Lay may begin with selecting the proper potatoes,
cooking oils, and temperature. Celebrity, as noted above, has a very different product design task. Similarly, quality of Frito-Lay chips may
be dependent on precise cutting blades and processing temperature, while Celebrity’s quality manifests itself in accommodations, food, and
service. Students should be challenged to recognize that the 10 decisions are made, albeit with distinctions dependent upon the product and
strategy.
LO 1.2: Identify the 10 strategic decisions of operations management
ACSB: Reflective thinking

3. Celebrity’s 10 OM decisions are also executed by a retail firm. Indeed, the theme of the text is that these 10 decisions are pervasive in
OM. It matters little if the product is a retail firm or a restaurant (such as Hard Rock, discussed in the prior case) or a premium vacation with
Celebrity Cruises; all of these 10 decisions are going to be made. Perhaps in a different way and with different emphasis, but they will be
made. For instance, Hard Rock’s product is a unique memorabilia-filled dining experience. Celebrity’s product is a holiday with premium
accommodations, food, and service. Students should be challenged to recognize that the 10 decisions are made, albeit with distinctions
dependent upon the product and strategy.
LO 1.2: Identify the 10 strategic decisions of operations management
ACSB: Reflective thinking

4. The differences between a land-based hotel and the “hotel at sea” may be very small in terms of guest expectations and the quality
decision. However, the emphasis on various aspects of the other decisions can be expected to change. For instance, for the “hotel at sea”
the location decision changes as a function of the season, port-of-call performance, and even weather. A hotel may or may not include
dining excellence a part of its product, but for most cruise lines, a premium dining experience is critical. In the case of supply chain, logistics,
and inventory, for the ship there is often no resupply; therefore, there is an added emphasis on forecasts, logistics, and inventory. Forecasts
must be accurate, suppliers punctual, and inventory counts precise. Similarly, maintenance onboard ship must remove all
variability; the emergency backup may be days away. Most hotels will very likely have little in common with the implementation of the
human resource function at an international cruise line with employees from dozens of countries. But they both must be successful at the
HR decision.
LO 1.2: Identify the 10 strategic decisions of operations management
ACSB: Reflective thinking
ADDITIONAL CASE STUDIES (available in MyLab Operations Management)
NATIONAL AIR EXPRESS 1

15. CHAPTER 1 OP E R A T I O N S A N D PR O D U C T I V I T Y 11
Copyright ©2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

This case can be used to introduce the issue of productivity and how to improve it, as well as the difficulty of good consistent measures of
productivity. This case can also be used to introduce some of the techniques and concepts of OM.
1. The number of stops per driver is certainly a good place to start. However, mileage and number of shipments will probably be good
additional variables. (Regression techniques, addressed in Chapter 4, can be addressed here.)
LO 1.8: Identify the critical variables in enhancing productivity
AACSB: Analytical thinking

2. Customer service should be based on an analysis of customer requirements. Document requirements in terms of services desired (supply
needs, preprinted waybills, package weights, pickup and drop-off requirements) should all be considered. (The house of quality technique
discussed in Chapter 5 is one approach for such an analysis.)
LO 1.8: Identify the critical variables in enhancing productivity
AACSB: Analytical thinking

3. Other companies in the industry do an effective job of establishing very good labor standards for their drivers, sorters, and phone
personnel. Difficult perhaps, but doable. (Work measurement in Chapter 10 addresses labor standards.)
LO 1.8: Identify the critical variables in enhancing productivity
AACSB: Analytical thinking

ZYCHOL CHEMICALS CORPORATION
1. The analysis of the productivity data is shown on the next page. Both labor and material productivity increased, but capital equipment
productivity did not. The net result is a large negative change in productivity. If this is a one-time change in the accounting procedures, this
negative change should also be a one-time anomaly. The effect of accounting procedures is often beyond the control of managers. For
example, perhaps the capital allocation is based on an accelerated allocation of depreciation of newly installed technology. This accounting
practice will seriously impact near-term productivity and then later years’ productivity figures will benefit from the reduced depreciation
flows. This highlights the difficulty in accounting for costs in an effective managerial manner. Decisions and evaluation of operating results
should be based on sound managerial accounting practices and not necessarily generally accepted financial accounting principles.
LO 1.6: Compute single-factor productivity
LO 1.7: Compute multifactor productivity
AACSB: Analytical thinking

2. An analysis of adjusted results reduces the negative impact on the capital allocation but there is still a negative growth in multifactor
productivity. After adjustment for inflation, the material costs are still higher in 2019. Yet, one must be aware of the extra volatility of the
cost of petroleum-based products. Did the manager have control over his price increases? One should look at the changes in a petroleum-
based price index, including the cost of oil, over the last two years in order to gain a better understanding of the degree to which the manager
had control over these costs. The increase in wages was beyond the manager’s control, and a constant rate should be used for comparing both
years’ results. Yet a negative result still remains. Even when material costs in 2019 are converted to the original cost of $320, a negative 5%
growth in productivity remains. The increase in the capital base is responsible yet should not persist in future years if the increase was the
result of an adoption of new technology.
LO 1.6: Compute single-factor productivity
LO 1.7: Compute multifactor productivity
AACSB: Analytical thinking

2

16. 12 CHAPTER 1 OP E R A T I O N S A N D PR O D U C T I V I T Y
Copyright ©2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

3. The manager did not reach the goal. An analysis of the changes in capital costs is warranted. Even after adjusting for inflation, multifactor
productivity was not positive. However, labor and materials productivity were favorable. The capital investment cost (as figured by the
accounting department) was so large as to make his multifactor productivity negative. Multifactor productivity has fallen by 11.61% before
adjustment and by 7.87% after the adjustment for inflation.
LO 1.7: Compute multifactor productivity
AACSB: Application of knowledge

Single-Factor
Productivity Analysis 2018 2019 Adjusted Cost* Adjusted Total Cost
Production (units) 4,500 6,000
Material Used (Barrels) 700 900
Material Cost per Barrel $320.00 $360.00 $345.60
(360/1.04167)
$311,040
(900 × 345.60)
Labor-Hours 22,000 28,000
Compensation Rate $13.00 $14.00 $13.44
(14/1.04167)
$376,320
(28,000 × $13.44)
Capital Applied ($) $375,000 $620,000 $595,200
(620,000)/1.04167)
$595,200
Producer Price Index
(PPI)

120

125

$1,282,560
*Change in PPI = 4.167% = (125/120 − 1) = 0.04167
Total Cost $885,000 $1,336,000 $1,282,560
(Adjusted)

Multifactor
Productivity
(MFP) Analysis 2018 2019 % Change

Labor
Productivity
(Units per hr.)
4,500/22,000 = 0.2045 6,000/28,000 = 0.2143 4.79%
Nearly reached the
goal
Material
Productivity
(Units per barrel)
4,500/700 = 6.4286 6,000/900 = 6.6667 3.70% Positive change
Capital
Productivity
(Units per $)
4,500/375,000 = 0.0120 6,000/620,000 = 0.0097 −19.17%
Large negative
change

2018 2019
MFP Before Adjustment per $) 0.00508 0.00449 (0.00449 − 0.00508)/0.00508 = −11.61%
MFP After Adjustment (per $) 0.00508 0.00468 (0.00468 – 0.00508)/0.00508 = −7.88%

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18. They discussed the hour of departure and Tony did not turn a
hair. Mrs. Lester glanced for an instant at Maradick, but that was all.
“I’m afraid I shall have to go up on Thursday night,” said Lester.
“One’s publishers, you know, need continual looking after, and if I
don’t see them on Friday morning it may be some time before I get
a chance again. But I’ll leave my wife in your hands, Lady Gale. I
know she’ll be safe enough.”
“Oh! we’ll look after her, Lester,” said Tony, laughing; “won’t we,
Milly? We’ll look after you all the time. I’ll constitute myself your
special knight-errant, Milly. You shall want for nothing so long as I
am there.”
“Thank you, Tony,” said Mrs. Lester.
It was a fine enough night for them all to go into the garden, and
very soon Maradick and Mrs. Lester were alone. It was all about him
once again, the perfume that she used, the rustle of her dress, the
way that her hair brushed his cheek. But behind it, in spite of
himself, he saw his wife’s face in the mirror, he saw Tony, he saw the
tower, and he felt the wind about his body.
She bent over him and put her arms about his neck; but he put
them back.
“No,” he said almost roughly, “we’ve got to talk; this kind of thing
must be settled one way or the other.”
“Please, don’t be cross.” Her voice was very gentle; he could feel
her breath on his cheek. “Ah, if you knew what I’d been suffering all
day, waiting for you, looking forward, aching for these minutes; no,
you mustn’t be cruel to me now.”
But he stared in front of him, looking into the black depths of the
trees that surrounded them on every side.
“No, there’s more in it than I thought. What are we going to do?
What’s going to happen afterwards? Don’t you see, we must be
sensible about it?”
“No,” she said, holding his hand. “There is no time for that. We
can be sensible afterwards. Didn’t you hear at dinner? Fred is going
away on Thursday night; we have that, at any rate.”
“No,” he said, roughly breaking away from her, “we must not.”

19. But she pressed up against him. Her arm passed slowly round his
neck and her fingers touched, for a moment, his cheek. “No; listen.
Don’t you see what will happen if we don’t take it? All our lives we’ll
know that we’ve missed it. There’s something that we might have
had—some life, some experience. At any rate we had lived once, out
of our stuffy lives, our stupid, dull humdrum. Oh! I tell you, you
mustn’t miss it! You’ll always regret, you’ll always regret!”
Her whole body was pressed against his. He tried to push her
away with his hand. For a moment he thought that he saw Tony
watching him and then turning away, sadly, scornfully. And then it
swept over him like a wave. He crushed her in his arms; for some
minutes the world had stopped. Then again he let her go.
“Ah!” she said, smiling and touching her dress with her fingers.
“You are dreadfully strong. I did not know how strong. But I like it.
And now Thursday night will be ours; glorious, wonderful, never to
be forgotten. I must go. They’ll be wondering. You’d better not come
back with me. Good-night, darling!” She bent down, kissed him and
disappeared.
But he sat there, his hands gripping his knees.
What sort of scum was he? He, a man?
This then was the fine new thing that Tony and Punch had shown
him. This the kind of world! This the great experience. Life!
No. With all his soul he knew that it was not; with all his soul he
knew that the devil and all his angels were pressing about his path—
laughing, laughing.
And the moon rose behind the trees and the stars danced
between the branches.

20. CHAPTER XVII
MORNING AND AFTERNOON OF THE TWENTY-SEVENTH—TONY,
MARADICK, JANET, AND MISS MINNS HAVE A RIDE
AFTER THE WEDDING
But Mrs. Lester had not the courage of her convictions. Those
convictions were based very largely on an audacious standing up
against Providence, although she herself would never have seen it in
that light. In each of her “affairs” she went breathlessly forward, as
it were on tiptoe, with eyes staring and heart beating; wondering
what would be the dangers, gasping at possibly startling adventures.
But the real thing had never met her before. The two or three
men who had been concerned in her other experiences had
understood quite as well as she did that it was only a game, pour
passer le temps, and a very pleasant way of passing it too. But this
man was taking it very differently. It was no game at all to him; he
did not look as though he could play a game if he wanted to. But it
was not Maradick who frightened her; it was herself. She had never
gone so far as this before, and now as she undressed she was
suddenly terribly frightened.
Her face seemed white and ghostly in the mirror, and in a sudden
panic, she turned on all the lights. Then the blaze frightened her and
she turned them all out again, all save the one over the mirror.
She sat gazing into it, and all the dark corners of the room
seemed to gather round her like living things; only her white face
stared out of the glass. If Fred hadn’t been so horribly humdrum, if
she hadn’t known so thoroughly every inch of him, every little trick
that he had, every kind of point of view that he ever had about
anything, then this never would have happened. Because, really, he
had been a very good husband to her, and she was really fond of
him; when one came to think of it, he had been much better than a
good many husbands she had known. She leaned back in her chair
and looked at herself.

21. It had once been more than mere fondness, it had been quite
exciting; she smiled, reminiscences crowded about her . . . dear old
Fred!
But she pulled herself up with a jerk. That, after all, wasn’t the
point; the point, the thing that mattered, was Thursday night. Out
there in the garden, when he had held her like that, a great
lawlessness had come upon her. It was almost as though some new
spirit had entered into her and was showing her things, was
teaching her emotions that she had never been shown or learnt
before. And, at that moment, it had seemed to her the one thing
worth having.
She had never lived before. Life was to be counted by moments,
those few golden moments that the good gods gave to one, and if
one didn’t take them, then and there, when they were offered, why
then, one had never lived at all, one might as well never have been
born.
But now, as she sat there alone in her room, she was realising
another thing—that those moments had their consequences. What
were they going to do afterwards? What would Maradick do? What,
above all, would her own attitude to Fred be? She began, very
slowly, to realise the truth, that the great laws are above creeds and
all dogmas because they are made from man’s necessities, not from
his superstitions. What was she going to do?
She knew quite well what she would do if she were left there
alone on Thursday night, and at the sudden thought of it she
switched off the light and plunged the room into darkness. She lay in
bed waiting for Fred to come up. She felt suddenly very unprotected.
She would ask him to take her with him on Thursday, she would
make some excuse; he would probably be glad.
She heard him undressing in the next room. He was whistling
softly to himself; he stumbled over something and said “Damn.” She
heard him gargle as he brushed his teeth. He hummed a song of the
moment, “I wouldn’t go home in the dark”; and then she heard him
stepping across the carpet towards the bed, softly lest he should
wake her. He got into bed and grunted with satisfaction as he curled

22. up into the sheets; his toe touched her foot and she shivered
suddenly because it was cold.
“Hullo, old girl,” he said, “still awake?”
She didn’t answer. Then she turned slowly round towards him.
“Fred,” she said, “I think I’ll come away with you on Thursday
after all.” But, as she said it to him, she was suddenly afraid of his
suspecting something. He would want to know the reason. “It’s not,”
she added hurriedly, “that I’m not perfectly happy here. I’m enjoying
it awfully, it’s delightful; but, after all, there isn’t very much point in
my staying here. I don’t want to after you’re gone.”
But he was sleepy. He yawned.
“I’m awfully tired, dear. We’ll talk about it to-morrow. But
anyhow, I don’t quite see the point. You won’t want to be pottering
about London with me. I’m only up there for business—these beastly
publishers,” he yawned again. “You’d be bored, you know; much
better stay here with Lady Gale. Besides, it’s all arranged.” His voice
died off into a sleepy murmur.
But the terror seemed to gather about her in the darkness. She
saw with amazing vision. She did not want to be left; she must not
be left.
She put her hand on his arm.
“Fred, please—it’s important; I don’t want to stay.”
And then she was suddenly frightened. She had said too much.
He would want to know why she didn’t want to stay. But he lay there
silently. She was afraid that he would go to sleep. She knew that
when the morning came things would seem different. She knew that
she would persuade herself that there was no immediate hurry. She
would leave things to settle themselves; and then. Oh! well! there
would be no question as to how things would go! She saw, with
absolute clearness that this was the moment that was granted her. If
she could only persuade him to take her now, then she would have
that at any rate afterwards to hold herself back. She would not want
to go back on her word again. Her only feeling now was that Fred
was so safe. The thought of the evening, the garden, Maradick, filled
her now with unreasoning terror; she was in a panic lest this minute,
this opportunity, should leave her.

23. She turned towards him and shook his arm.
“Fred, just keep awake for a minute; really it’s important. Really,
I want to go away with you, on Thursday, not to stay on. I don’t like
the place. I shan’t a bit mind being in London, it will be rather fun;
there are lots of people I want to see. Besides, it’s only a day or two
after all.”
But he laughed sleepily.
“What’s all the fuss, old girl? I’m simply damned tired; I am,
really. We’ll talk about it to-morrow. But anyhow, you’d better stay;
it’s all arranged, and Lady Gale will think it rather funny.”
His voice trailed off. For a moment there was silence and she
heard his breathing. He was asleep.
She listened furiously. Oh, well, if he didn’t care more than that!
If he couldn’t keep awake longer than that! She dug her nails into
her hand. There it was; he could go to sleep when she was in
torture. He didn’t care; the other man! Her mind flew back to the
evening again. Ah! he would not have gone off to sleep! He would
have listened—listened.
But she lay for hours staring into the darkness, listening to the
man’s even breathing.
But there had been another example of “any wife to any
husband,” that must, for a moment, have its record.
Maradick feared, on coming into his room, that his wife was not
yet in bed. She was sitting in front of her glass brushing her hair.
She must have seen him in the mirror, but she did not move. She
looked very young, almost like a little doll; as she sat there he had
again the curious feeling of pathos that he had known at breakfast.
Absurd! Emmy Maradick was the last person about whom anyone
need be pathetic, but nevertheless the feeling was there. He got into
bed without a word. She went on silently combing her hair. It got on
his nerves; he couldn’t take his eyes off her. He turned his eyes
away towards the wall, but slowly they turned back again, back to
the silent white figure in the centre of the room by the shining glass.
He suddenly wanted to scream, to shout something at her like
“Speak, you devil!” or “don’t go on saying nothing, you mummy,

24. sitting still like that.”
At last he did speak.
“You’re late, Emmy,” he said, “I thought you’d have been in bed.”
His voice was very gentle. If only she would stop moving that brush
up and down with its almost mechanical precision! She put the brush
slowly down on the table and turned towards him.
“Yes,” she said, “I was waiting for you, really, until you came up.”
He was suddenly convinced that she knew; she had probably
known all about it from the first. She was such a clever little woman,
there were very few things that she didn’t know. He waited stupidly,
dully. He wondered what she was going to say, what she was going
to propose that they should do.
But having got so far, she seemed to have nothing more to say.
She stared at the glass with wide, fixed eyes; her cheeks were
flushed, and her fingers played nervously with the things on the
dressing-table.
“Well,” he said at last, “what is it?”
Then, to his intense surprise, she got up and came slowly
towards him; she sat on the edge of the bed whilst he watched her,
wondering, amazed. He had never seen her like that before, and his
intense curiosity at her condition killed, for a moment, the eagerness
with which he would discover how much she knew. But her manner
of taking it was surely very strange.
Temper, fury, passion, even hate, that he could understand, and
that, knowing her, he would have expected, but this strange dreamy
quiet frightened him. He caught the bed-clothes in his hands and
twisted them; then he asked again: “Well, what is it?” But when she
did at last speak she did not look at him, but stared in front of her. It
was the strangest thing in the world to see her sitting there,
speaking like that; and he had a feeling, not to be explained, that
she wasn’t there at all really, that it was some one else, even,
possibly, some strange thing that his actions of these last few days
had suddenly called forth—called forth, that was, to punish him. He
shrunk back on to his pillows.
“Well,” her voice just went on, “it isn’t that I’ve really anything to
say; you’ll think me silly, and I’m sure I don’t want to keep you when

25. you want to go to sleep. But it isn’t often that we have anything very
much to say to one another; it isn’t, at any rate, very often here.
We’ve hardly, you know, talked at all since we’ve been here.
“But these last few days I’ve been thinking, realising perhaps,
that it’s been my fault all these years that things haven’t been
happier. . . . I don’t think I’d thought about anyone except
myself. . . . In some sort of way I hadn’t considered you at all; I
don’t quite know why.”
She paused as though she expected him to say something, but
he made no sound.
Then she went on: “I suppose you’ll think it foolish of me, but I
feel as though everything has been different from the moment that
we came here, from the moment that we came to Treliss; you have
been quite different, and I am sorry if I have been so disagreeable,
and I’m going to try, going to try to be pleasanter.”
She brought it out with a jerk, as though she were speaking
under impulse, as though something was making her speak.
And he didn’t know what to say; he could say nothing—his only
emotion that he was angry with her, almost furious, because she had
spoken like that. It was too bad of her, just then, after all these
years. There had, at any rate, been some justification before, or, at
least, he had tried to persuade himself that there was, in his
relations with Mrs. Lester. He had been driven by neglect, lack of
sympathy, and all the rest of it; and now, suddenly, that had been
taken away from under his feet. Oh! it was too bad.
And then his suspicions were aroused again. It was so unlike her
to behave like that. Perhaps she was only behaving like this in order
to find out, to sound him, as it were. Oh, yes! it was a clever move;
but he couldn’t say anything to her, the words refused to come.
She waited, a little pathetically, there on the bed, for him to
speak; and then as nothing came, still without looking at him, she
said quietly “Good-night,” and stepped softly across the room.
He heard her switch the light off, the bed-clothes rustled for a
moment, and then there was silence.

26. And these next two days were torture to him, the most horrible
days that he had ever known. Partly they were horrible because of
the general consciousness that something was going to happen.
Lady Gale, in obedience to Tony, had arranged a picnic for Thursday,
but “for ladies only. You see, Mr. Lester is leaving in the afternoon,
and my husband and Rupert talk of going with him as far as Truro;
my husband has some relations there. And really, I know you and
Tony would rather go off on your own, Mr. Maradick. It would be too
boring for you. We’re only going to sit in the sun, you know, and
talk!”
It was understood that Mr. Maradick had, as a matter of fact,
fixed up something. Yes, he had promised his day to Tony, it being
one of the last that they would have together. They would probably
go for a sail. He would like to have come. He enjoyed the last, &c.,
&c.
But this was quite enough to “do” the trick. What a picnic!
Imagine! With everyone acutely conscious that there was something
“going on” just over the hill, something that, for Lady Gale, at any
rate, meant almost life and death. Thursday began to loom very
large indeed. What would everyone be doing and thinking on Friday?
Still more vital a question, where would everyone be on Friday?
But at any rate he could picture them: the ladies—Lady Gale,
Alice Du Cane, Mrs. Lester, his wife, even poor Mrs. Lawrence—
sitting there, on the edge of the hill, silent, alert, listening.
What a picnic!
But their alertness, or rather their terrible eagerness to avoid
seeming alert, horrified him. They seemed to pursue him, all five of
them, during those two dreadful days with questioning glances; only
his wife, by her curious patient intentness, as though she were
waiting for the crisis to come, frightened him most of all. The more
he thought of her strange behaviour the less he understood her. It
was all so utterly unlike her. And it was not as though she had
altered at all in other ways. He had heard her talking to other
people, he had watched her scolding the girls, and it was the same
sharp, shrill voice, the same fierce assumption that the person she
was with must necessarily be trying to “get” at her; no, she was the

27. same Emmy Maradick as far as the rest of the world was concerned.
But, with him, she was some one altogether new, some one he had
never seen before; and always, through it all, that strange look of
wonder and surprise. He often knew that her eyes were upon him
when he was talking to some one else; when he talked to her
himself her eyes avoided him.
And then Mrs. Lester, too, was so strange. During the whole of
Tuesday she avoided him altogether. He had a few minutes with her
at teatime, but there were other people there, and she seemed
anxious to get away from him, to put the room between them. And
seeing her like this, his passion grew. He felt that whatever
happened, whatever the disaster, he must have her, once at least, in
his arms again. The memories of their other meetings lashed him
like whips. He pictured it again, the darkness, the movement of the
trees, the touch of her cheek against his hand; and then he would
feel that his wife was looking at him from somewhere across the
room. He could feel her eyes, like little gimlets, twisting, turning into
his back. And then other moods would come, and the blackest
despair. He was this kind of man, this sort of scoundrel; he
remembered once that there had been a man at Epsom who had run
away with a married woman, a man who had been rather a friend of
his. He remembered what he had said to him, the kind of way that
he had looked at him, poor, rotten creature; and now what was he?
But he could not go; he could not move. He was under a spell.
When he thought of Mrs. Lester his blood would begin to race again.
He told himself that it was the sign of his freedom, the natural
consequences of the new life that had come to him; and then
suddenly he would see that moment when his wife, sitting forlornly
on his bed, had spoken to him.
And then on Wednesday there was a moment when Mrs. Lester
was herself again. It was only a moment, an instant after dinner.
Their lips met; he spoke of Thursday and she smiled at him, then
the others had come upon them. For an hour or two he was on fire,
then he crept miserably, like a thief, to the room of the minstrels and
sat wretchedly, hour after hour, looking at the stars.

28. The day would soon dawn! Thursday! The crisis, as it seemed to
him, of the whole of his life. He saw the morn draw faint shadows
across the earth, he saw all the black trees move like a falling wall
against the stars, he felt the wind with the odour of earth and sea
brush his cheek, as he waited for the day to come.
He knew now that it was to be no light thing; it was to be a
battle, the fiercest that he had ever waged. Two forces were fighting
over him, and one of them, before the next night had passed, would
win the day. No Good and Evil? No God and Devil? No Heaven and
Hell? Why, there they were before his very eyes; the two camps and
the field between! And so Thursday dawned!
But it came with grey mists and driving rain. The sea was hidden;
only the tops of the trees in the garden stood disconsolately dripping
above the fog.
Everyone came down shivering to breakfast, and
disappointments that seemed unjust on ordinary days were now
perfectly unbearable. If there were no letters, one was left out in the
cold, if there were a lot, they were sure to be bills. It was certain to
be smoked haddock when that was the one thing above all others
that you loathed; and, of course, there were numbers of little
draughts that crept like mice about your feet and wandered like
spiders about your hair.
But one thing was perfectly obvious, and that was, that of course
there could be no picnic. To have five ladies sitting desolately alone
on the top of the hill, bursting with curiosity, was melancholy
enough; but to have them sitting there in driving rain was utterly
impossible.
Nevertheless some people intended to venture out. Sir Richard
and Rupert—mainly, it seemed, to show their contempt of so
plebeian a thing as rain—were still determined on Truro.
Tony also was going to tramp it with Maradick.
“Where are you going?” This from Sir Richard, who had just
decided that his third egg was as bad as the two that he had already
eaten.
“Oh! I don’t know!” said Tony lazily, “over the hills and far away, I
expect. That’s the whole fun of the thing—not knowing. Isn’t it,

29. Maradick?”
“It is,” said Maradick.
He showed no signs of a bad night. He was eating a very hearty
breakfast.
“But you must have some idea where you are going,” persisted
Sir Richard, gloomily sniffing at his egg.
“Well, I expect we’ll start out towards that old church,” said Tony.
“You know, the one on the cliff; then we’ll strike inland, I expect.
Don’t you think so, Maradick?”
“Yes,” said Maradick.
There was no doubt at all that the five ladies were extremely
glad that there was to be no picnic. Mrs. Lawrence meant to have a
really cosy day reading by the fire one of those most delightful
stories of Miss Braddon. She was enormously interested in the
literature of the early eighties; anything later than that rather
frightened her.
“We can have a really cosy day,” said Mrs. Lester.
“Yes, we shall have quite a comfortable time,” said Mrs.
Lawrence.
“It is so nice having an excuse for a fire,” said Lady Gale.
“I do love it when one can have a fire without being ashamed,
don’t you?” said Mrs. Lawrence.
Mrs. Maradick gathered her two girls about her and they
disappeared.
Slowly the clock stole towards half-past eleven, when the first
move was to be made. Mr. Lester had left quite early. He said good-
bye to Maradick with great cordiality.
“Mind you come and see us, often. It’s been delightful meeting
you. There’s still plenty to talk about.”
He said good-bye to his wife with his usual rather casual
geniality.
“Good-bye, old girl. Send me a line. Hope this weather clears
off”—and he was gone.
She had been standing by the hall door. As the trap moved down
the drive she suddenly made a step forward as though she would go
out into the rain after him and call him back. Then she stopped. She

30. was standing on the first step in front of the door; the mist swept
about her.
Lady Gale called from the hall: “Come in, dear, you’ll get soaking
wet.”
She turned and came back.
To Tony, as he watched the hands of the clock creep round, it
seemed perfectly incredible that the whole adventure should simply
consist in quietly walking out of the door. It ought to begin, at any
rate, with something finer than that, with an escape, something that
needed secrecy and mystery. It was so strange that he was simply
going to walk down and take Janet; it was, after all, a very ordinary
affair.
At quarter-past eleven he found his mother alone in her room.
He came up to her and kissed her. “I’m going off with Maradick
now,” he said.
“Yes,” she answered, looking him in the eyes.
“You know I’m in for an adventure, mother?”
“Yes, dear.”
“You trust me, don’t you?”
“Of course, dear, perfectly.”
“You shall know all about it to-morrow.”
“When you like, dear,” she answered. She placed her arms on his
shoulders, and held him back and looked him in the face. Then she
touched his head with her hands and said softly—
“You mustn’t let anything or anyone come between us, Tony?”
“Never, mother,” he answered. Then suddenly he came very close
to her, put his arms round her and kissed her again and again.
“God bless you, old boy,” she said, and let him go.
When he had closed the door behind him she began to cry, but
when Mrs. Lester found her quarter of an hour later there were no
signs of tears.
Maradick and Tony, as half-past eleven struck from the clock at
the top of the stairs, went down the steps of the hotel.
As they came out into the garden the mists and rain swam all
about them and closed them in. The wind beat their faces, caught

31. their coats and lashed them against their legs, and went scrambling
away round the corners of the hill.
“My word! what a day!” shouted Tony. “Here’s a day for a
wedding!” He was tremendously excited. He even thought that he
liked this wind and rain, it helped on the adventure; and then, too,
there would be less people about, but it would be a stormy drive to
the church.
They secured a cab in the market-place. But such a cab; was
there ever another like it? It stood, for no especial reason it seemed,
there in front of the tower, with the rain whirling round it, the wind
beating at the horse’s legs and playing fantastic tricks with the
driver’s cape, which flew about his head up and down like an angry
bird. He was the very oldest aged man Time had ever seen; his
beard, a speckly grey, fell raggedly down on to his chest, his eyes
were bleared and nearly closed, his nose, swollen to double its
natural size, was purple in colour, and when he opened his mouth
there was visible an enormous tooth, but one only.
His hands trembled with ague as he clutched the reins and
addressed his miserable beast. The horse was a pitiful scarecrow; its
ribs, like a bent towel-rack, almost pierced the skin; its eye was
melancholy but patient. The cab itself moved as though at any
moment it would fall to pieces. The sides of the carriage were dusty,
and the wheels were thick with mud; at every movement the
windows screamed and rattled and shook with age—the cabman, the
four-wheeler and the horse lurched together from side to side.
However, there was really nothing else. Time was precious, and it
certainly couldn’t be wasted in going round to the cab-stand at the
other end of the town. On a fine day there would have been a whole
row of them in the market-place, but in weather like this they sought
better shelter.
The wind whistled across the cobbles; the rain fell with such
force that it hit the stones and leaped up again. The aged man was
murmuring to himself the same words again and again. “Eh! Lor!
how the rain comes down; it’s terrible bad for the beasts.” The tower
frowned down on them all.

32. Tony jumped in, there was nothing else to be done; it rattled
across the square.
Tony was laughing. It all seemed to him to add to the
excitement. “Do you know,” he said, “James Stephens’s poem? It
hits it off exactly;” and he quoted:
“The driver rubbed at his nettly chin,
  With a huge, loose forefinger, crooked and black,
And his wobbly violent lips sucked in,
  And puffed out again and hung down slack:
    One fang shone through his lop-sided smile,
    In his little pouched eye flickered years of guile.
And the horse, poor beast, it was ribbed and forked,
  And its ears hung down, and its eyes were old,
And its knees were knuckly, and as we talked
  It swung the stiff neck that could scarcely hold
    Its big, skinny head up—then I stepped in
    And the driver climbed to his seat with a grin.
Only this old boy couldn’t climb if he were paid for it. I wonder
how he gets up to his box in the morning. I expect they lift him, you
know; his old wife and the children and the grandchildren—a kind of
ceremony.”
They were being flung about all this time like peas in a bladder,
and Tony had to talk at the top of his voice to make himself heard.
“Anyhow he’ll get us there all right, I expect. My word, what rain! I
say, you know, I can’t in the very least realise it. It seems most
frightfully exciting, but it’s all so easy, in a kind of way. You see I
haven’t even had to have a bag or anything, because there’ll be
heaps of time to stop in town and get things. And to-morrow
morning to see the sun rise over Paris, with Janet!”
His eyes were on fire with excitement. But to Maradick this
weather, this cab, seemed horrible, almost ominous. He was flung
against the side of the window, then against Tony, then back again.
He had lost his breath.
But he had realised something else suddenly; he wondered how
he could have been so foolish as not to have seen it before, and that

33. was, that this would be probably, indeed almost certainly, the last
time that he would have Tony to himself. The things that the boy
had been to him during these weeks beat in his head like bells,
reminding him. Why, the boy had been everything to him! And now
he saw suddenly that he had, in reality, been nothing at all to the
boy. Tony’s eyes were set on the adventure—the great adventure of
life. Maradick, and others like him, might be amusing on the way;
were of course, “good sorts,” but they could be left, they must be
left if one were to get on, and there were others, plenty of others.
And so, in that bumping cab, Maradick suddenly realised his age.
To be “at forty” as the years go was nothing, years did not count,
but to be “at forty” in the way that he now saw it was the great
dividing line in life. He now saw that it wasn’t for him any more to
join with those who were “making life,” that was for the young, and
they would have neither time nor patience to wait for his slower
steps; he must be content to play his part in other people’s
adventures, to act the observer, the onlooker. Those young people
might tell him that they cared, that they wanted him, but they would
soon forget, they would soon pass on until they too were “at forty,”
and, reluctantly, unwillingly, must move over to the other camp.
He turned to Tony.
“I say, boy,” he said almost roughly, “this is the last bit that we
shall have together; alone, I mean. I say, don’t forget me altogether
afterwards. I want to come and see you.”
“Forget you!” Tony laughed. “Why never! I!”
But then suddenly the aged man and his coach bumped them
together and then flung them apart and then bumped them again so
that no more words were possible. The cab had turned the corner.
The house, with its crooked door, was before them.
In the hall there were lights; underneath the stairs there was a
lamp and against the wall opposite the door there were candles. In
the middle of the hall Janet was standing waiting; she was dressed
in some dark blue stuff and a little round dark blue hat, beneath it
her hair shone gloriously. She held a bag in her hand and a small
cloak over her arm. Tony came forward with a stride and she
stepped a little way to meet him. Then he caught her in his arms,

34. and her head went back a little so that the light of the lamp caught
her hair and flung a halo around it. Miss Minns was in the
background in a state of quite natural agitation. It was all very quiet
and restrained. There seemed to Maradick to fall a very beautiful
silence for a moment about them. The light, the colour, everything
centred round those two, and the world stood still. Then Tony let go
and she came forward to Maradick.
She held out her hand and he took it in his, and he, suddenly,
moved by some strange impulse, bent down and kissed it. She let it
lie there for a moment and then drew it back, smiling.
“It’s splendid of you, Mr. Maradick,” she said; “without you I don’t
know what we’d have done, Tony and I.”
And then she turned round to Tony and kissed him again. There
was another pause, and indeed the two children seemed perfectly
ready to stand like that for the rest of the day. Something practical
must be done.
“I think we ought to be making a move,” said Maradick. “The
cab’s waiting outside and the train has to be caught, you know.”
“Why, of course.” Janet broke away from Tony. “How silly we are!
I’m so sorry, Miss Minns, have you got the bag with the toothbrush?
It’s all we’ve got, you know, because we can buy things in Paris. Oh!
Paris!”
She drew a breath and stood there, her eyes staring, her hands
on her hips, her head flung back. It really was amazing the way that
she was taking it. There was no doubt or alarm at the possible
consequences of so daring a step. It must be, Maradick thought, her
ignorance of all that life must mean to her now, all the difference
that it would have once this day was over, that saved her from fear.
And yet there was knowledge as well as courage in her eyes, she
was not altogether ignorant.
Miss Minns came forward, Miss Minns in an amazing bonnet. It
was such an amazing bonnet that Miss Minns must positively have
made it herself; it was shaped like a square loaf and little jet beads
rang little bells on it as she moved. She was in a perfect tremble of
excitement, and the whole affair sent her mind back to the one
other romantic incident in her life—the one and only love affair. But

35. the really amazing discovery was that romance wasn’t over for her
yet, that she was permitted to take part in a real “affair,” to see it
through from start to finish. She was quivering with excitement.
They all got into the cab.
It was a very silent drive to the church. The rain had almost
stopped. It only beat every now and again, a little doubtfully, against
the window and then went, with a little whirl of wind, streaming
away.
The cab went slowly, and, although it lurched from side to side
and every now and again pitched forward, as though it would fall on
its head, they were not shaken about very badly. Janet leaned back
against Tony, and he had his arm round her. They neither of them
spoke at all, but his fingers moved very lightly over her hand and
then to her cheek, and then back to her hand again.
As they got on to the top of the hill and started along the white
road to the church the wind from the sea met them and swept about
them. Great dark clouds, humped like camels, raced across the sky;
the trees by the roadside, gnarled and knotted, waved scraggy arms
like so many witches.
Miss Minns’s only remark as they neared the church was, “I must
say I should have liked a little bit of orange-blossom.”
“We’ll get that in Paris,” said Tony.
The aged man was told to wait with his coach until they all came
out of church again. He seemed to be quite prepared to wait until
the day of doom if necessary. He stared drearily in front of him at
the sea. To his mind, it was all a very bad business.
Soon they were all in the church, the clergyman with the flowing
beard, his elderly boy, acting as a kind of verger and general
factotum, Miss Minns, Maradick, and there, by the altar rails, Tony
and Janet.
It was a very tiny church indeed, and most of the room was
taken up by an enormous box-like pew that had once been used by
“The Family”; now it was a mass of cobwebs. Two candles had been
lighted by the altar and they flung a fitful, uncertain glow about the
place and long twisting shadows on the wall. On the altar itself was
a large bowl of white chrysanthemums, and always for the rest of

36. his life the sight of chrysanthemums brought back that scene to
Maradick’s memory: the blazing candles, the priest with his great
white beard, the tiny, dusty church, Miss Minns and her bonnet, Tony
splendidly erect, a smile in his eyes, and Janet with her hair and her
blue serge dress and her glance every now and again at Tony to see
whether he were still there.
And so, there, and in a few minutes, they were married.
For an instant some little wind blew along the floor, stirred the
dust and caught the candles. They flared into a blaze, and out of the
shadows there leapt the dazzling white of the chrysanthemums, the
gold of Janet’s hair, and the blue of the little stained-glass windows.
The rain had begun again and was beating furiously at the panes;
they could hear it running in little streams and rivers down the hill
past the church.
Maradick hid his head in his hands for an instant before he
turned away. He did not exactly want to pray, he had not got anyone
to pray to, but he felt again now, as he had felt before in the room
of the minstrels, that there was something there, with him in the
place—touching him, Good and Evil? God and the Devil? Yes, they
were there, and he did not dare to raise his eyes.
Then at last he looked up again and in the shock of the sudden
light the candles seemed to swing like golden lamps before him and
the altar was a throne, and, before it, the boy and girl.
And then, again, they were all in the old man’s study, amongst
his fishing-rods and dogs and books.
He laid both his hands on Tony’s shoulders before he said good-
bye. Tony looked up into his face and smiled.
And the old man said: “I think that you will be very happy, both
of you. But take one word of advice from some one who has lived in
the world a very long time and knows something of it, even though
he has dwelt in only an obscure corner of it. My dear, keep your
Charity. That is all that I would say to you. You have it now; keep it
as your dearest possession. Judge no one; you do not know what
trouble has been theirs, what temptation, and there will be flowers
even in the dreariest piece of ground if only we sow the seed. And

37. remember that there are many very lonely people in the world. Give
them some of your vitality and happiness and you will do well.”
Miss Minns, who had been sniffing through the most of the
service, very nearly broke down altogether at this point. And then
suddenly some one remembered the time.
It was Tony. “My word, it’s half-past two. And the train’s quarter-
past three. Everything’s up if we miss it. We must be off; we’ll only
just do it as it is.”
They found the aged man sitting in a pool of water on the box.
Water dripped from the legs of the trembling horse. The raindrops,
as though possessed of a devil, leaped off the roof of the cab like
peas from a catapult.
Tony tried to impress the driver with the fact that there was no
time to lose, but he only shook his head dolefully. They moved
slowly round the corner.
Then there began the most wonderful drive that man or horse
had ever known.
At first they moved slowly. The road was, by this time, thick with
mud, and there were little trenches of water on both sides. They
bumped along this for a little way. And then suddenly the aged man
became seized, as it were, by a devil. They were on the top of the
hill; the wind blew right across him, the rain lashed him to the skin.
Suddenly he lifted up his voice and sang. It was the sailor’s chanty
that Maradick had heard on the first day of his coming to Treliss; but
now, through the closed windows of the cab, it seemed to reach
them in a shrill scream, like some gull above their heads in the
storm.
Wild exultation entered into the heart of the ancient man. He
seemed to be seized by the Furies. He lashed his horse wildly, the
beast with all its cranky legs and heaving ribs, darted madly forward,
and the rain came down in torrents.
The ancient man might have seemed, had there been a watcher
to note, the very spirit of the moor. His eyes were staring, his arms
were raised aloft; and so they went, bumping, jolting, tumbling
along the white road.

38. Inside the cab there was confusion. At the first movement Miss
Minns had been flung violently into Maradick’s lap. At first he
clutched her wildly. The bugles on her bonnet hit him sharply in the
eyes, the nose, the chin. She pinched his arm in the excitement of
the moment. Then she recovered herself.
“Oh! Mr. Maradick!” she began, “I——” but, in a second, she was
seized again and hurled against the door, so that Tony had to clutch
her by the skirt lest the boards should give and she should be hurled
out into the road. But the pace of the cab grew faster and faster.
They were now all four of them hurled violently from one side of the
vehicle to the other. First forward, then backwards, then on both
sides at once, then all in a tangled heap together in the middle; and
the ancient man on the top of the box, the water dripping from his
hat in a torrent, screamed his song.
Then terror suddenly entered into them all. It seemed to strike
them all at the same moment that there was danger. Maradick
suddenly was afraid. He was bruised, his collar was torn, he ached in
every limb. He had a curious impulse to seize Miss Minns and tear
her to pieces, he was wild with rage that she should be allowed to
hit and strike him like that. He began to mutter furiously. And the
others felt it too. Janet was nearly in tears; she clung to Tony and
murmured, “Oh! stop him! stop him!”
And Tony, too. He cried, “We must get out of this! We must get
out of this!” and he dragged furiously at the windows, but they
would not move; and then his hand broke through the pane, and it
began to bleed, there was blood on the floor of the carriage.
And they did not know that it was the place that was casting
them out. They were going back to their cities, to their disciplined
places, to their streets and solemn houses, their inventions, their
rails and lines and ordered lives; and so the place would cast them
out. It would have its last wild game with them. The ancient man
gave a last shrill scream and was silent. The horse relapsed into a
shamble; they were in the dark, solemn streets. They climbed the
hill to the station.
They began to straighten themselves, and already to forget that
it had been, in the least, terrible.

39. “After all,” said Tony, “it was probably a good thing that we came
at that pace. We might have missed the train.”
He helped Janet to tidy herself. Miss Minns was profuse in her
apologies: “Really, Mr. Maradick, I don’t know what you can have
thought of me. Really, it was most immodest; and I am afraid that I
bumped you rather awkwardly. It was most——”
But he stopped her and assured her that it was all right. He was
thinking, as they climbed the hill, that in another quarter of an hour
they would both be gone, gone out of his life altogether probably.
There would be nothing left for him beyond his explanations; his
clearing up of the bits, as it were, and Mrs. Lester. But he would not
think of her now; he put her resolutely from him for the moment.
The thought of her seemed desecration when these two children
were with him—something as pure and beautiful as anything that
the world could show. He would think of her afterwards, when they
had gone.
But as he looked at them a great pang of envy cut him like a
knife. Ah! that was what life meant! To have some one to whom you
were the chief thing in the world, some one who was also the chief
thing to you!
And he? Here, at forty, he had got nothing but a cheque book
and a decent tailor.
They got out of the cab.
It was ten minutes before the train left. It was there, waiting.
Tony went to get the tickets.
Janet suddenly put her hand on Maradick’s arm and looked up
into his face:
“Mr. Maradick,” she said, “I haven’t been able, I haven’t had a
chance to say very much to you about all that Tony and I owe you.
But I feel it; indeed, indeed I do. And I will never, never forget it.
Wherever Tony and I are there will always be a place for you if you
want one. You won’t forget that, will you?”
“No, indeed,” said Maradick, and he took her hand for a moment
and pressed it. Then suddenly his heart stopped beating. The station
seemed for a moment to be pressed together, so that the platform

40. and the roof met and the bookstall and the people dotted about
disappeared altogether.
Sir Richard and Rupert were walking slowly towards them down
the platform. There was no question about it at all. They had
obviously just arrived from Truro and Rupert was staring in his usual
aimless fashion in front of him. There was simply no time to lose.
They were threatened with disaster, for Tony had not come back
from the ticket-office and might tumble upon his father at any
moment.
Maradick seized Janet by the arm and dragged her back into the
refreshment room. “Quick,” he said, “there isn’t a moment to lose—
Tony’s father. You and Miss Minns must get in by yourselves; trust to
luck!” In a moment she had grasped the situation. Her cheeks were
a little flushed, but she gave him a hurried smile and then joined
Miss Minns. Together they walked quietly down the platform and
took their seats in a first-class carriage at the other end of the train.
Janet was perfectly self-possessed as she passed Sir Richard. There
was no question that this distinguished-looking gentleman must be
Tony’s father, and she must have felt a very natural curiosity to see
what he looked like; she gave him one sharp glance and then bent
down in what was apparently an earnest conversation with Miss
Minns.
Then Rupert saw Maradick. “Hullo! there’s Maradick!” He came
forward slowly; but he smiled a little in a rather weary manner. He
liked Maradick. “What a day! Yes, Truro had been awful! All sorts of
dreadful people dripping wet!”
Yes, Maradick had been a tramp in the rain with Tony. Tony was
just asking for a parcel that he was expecting; yes, they’d got very
wet and were quite ready for tea! Ah! there was Tony.
Maradick gazed at him in agony as he came out of the ticket
office. Would he give a start and flush with surprise when he saw
them? Would he look round vaguely and wildly for Janet? Would he
turn tail and flee?
But he did none of these things. He walked towards them as
though the one thing that he had really expected to see, there on
the platform, was his father. There was a little smile at the corners of

41. his mouth and his eyes were shining especially brightly, but he
sauntered quite casually down the platform, as though he hadn’t the
least idea that the train was going off in another five minutes, and
that Janet was close at hand somewhere and might appear at any
moment.
“Hullo, governor! Rupert! Who’d have thought of seeing you
here? I suppose the weather sent you back. Maradick and I have
been getting pretty soaked out there on the hill. But one thing is
that it sends you in to a fire with some relish. I’m after a rotten old
parcel that Briggs was sending me—some books. He says it ought to
have come, but I can’t get any news of it here. We’ll follow you up
to the hotel to tea in a minute.”
But Rupert seemed inclined to stay and chat. “Oh! we’ll come on
with you; we’re in no particular hurry, are we, governor? I say, that
was a damned pretty girl that passed just now; girl in blue. Did you
see her, Maradick?”
No, Maradick hadn’t seen her. In blue? No, he hadn’t noticed.
The situation was beginning to get on his nerves. He was far more
agitated than Tony. What were they to do? The guard was passing
down the platform looking at tickets. Doors were beginning to be
banged. A great many people were hurriedly giving a great many
messages that had already been given a great many times before.
What was to be done? To his excited fancy it almost seemed as
though Sir Richard was perfectly aware of the whole business. He
thought his silence saturnine; surely there was a malicious twinkle.
“Yes,” Rupert was saying, “there she was walking down Lemon
Street, dontcher know, with her waterproof thing flapping behind her
in the most absurd——” The doors were all banged; the guard
looked down the line.
Suddenly Sir Richard moved. “I’m damned cold; wet things.” He
nodded curtly to Maradick. “See you later, Mr. Maradick.”
They moved slowly away; they turned the corner and at the
same instant the train began to move. Tony snatched at Maradick’s
hand and then made a wild leap across the platform. The train was
moving quite fast now; he made a clutch at one of the carriages.
Two porters rushed forward shouting, but he had the handle of the

42. door. He flung it open; for a sickening instant he stood swaying on
the board; it seemed as though he would be swept back. Then some
one pulled him in. He lurched forward and disappeared; the door
was closed.
A lot of little papers rose in a little cloud of dust into the air. They
whirled to and fro. A little wind passed along the platform.
Maradick turned round and walked slowly away.

43. CHAPTER XVIII
AFTERNOON AND EVENING OF THE TWENTY-SEVENTH—MARADICK
GOES TO CHURCH AND AFTERWARDS PAYS A
VISIT TO MORELLI
As he came out of the station and looked at the little road that
ran down the hill, at the grey banks of cloud, at the white and grey
valley of the sea, he felt curiously, uncannily alone. It was as though
he had suddenly, through some unknown, mysterious agency been
transported into a new land, a country that no one ever found
before. He walked the hill with the cautious adventurous sense of
surprise that some explorer might have had; he was alone in the
world of ghosts.
When he came to the bottom of the road he stopped and tried to
collect his thoughts. Where was he? What was he going to do? What
were the thoughts that were hovering, like birds of prey, about his
head, waiting for the moment of descent to come? He stood there
quite stupidly, as though his brain had been suddenly swept clear of
all thought; it was an empty, desolate room. Everything was empty,
desolate. Two plane trees waved mournfully; there were little
puddles of rain-water at his feet reflecting the dismal grey of the
sky; a very old bent woman in a black cloak hobbled slowly up the
hill. Then suddenly his brain was alive again, suddenly he knew.
Tony was gone. Tony was gone and he must see people and explain.
The thought of the explanations troubled him very little; none of
those other people really mattered. They couldn’t do very much;
they could only say things. No, they didn’t matter. He didn’t mind
about them, or indeed about anyone else in the world except Tony.
He saw now a thousand little things that Tony had done, ways that
Tony had stood, things that Tony had said, little tricks that he had;
and now he had gone away.
Things could never be quite the same again. Tony had got some
one else now. Everyone had got some one else, some one who

44. especially belonged to them; he saw the world as a place where
everyone—murderer, priest, king, prostitute—had his companion,
and only he, Maradick, was alone. He had been rather proud of
being alone before; he had rather liked to feel that he was quite
independent, that it didn’t matter if people died or forgot, because
he could get on as well by himself! What a fool he had been! Why,
that was simply the only thing worth having, relationships with other
people, intimacy, affection, giving anything that you had to some
one else, taking something in return from them. Oh! he saw that
now!
He had been walking vaguely, without thought or purpose. Now
he saw that his feet had led him back into the town and that he was
in the market-place, facing once more the town. He was determined
not to go back to the hotel until he had seen Morelli, and that he
could not do before the evening; but that would be the next thing.
Meanwhile he would walk—no matter where—but he would get on to
the road, into the air, and try and straighten out all the tangled state
of things that his mind was in.
For a moment he stood and looked at the tower. It gave him
again that sense of strength and comfort. He was, after all, not quite
alone, whilst the world was the place that it was. Stocks and stones
had more of a voice, more of a personal vital activity than most
people knew. But he knew! He had known ever since he came to
this strange town, this place where every tree and house and hill
seemed to be alive.
And then, with the thought of the place, Mrs. Lester came back
to him. He had forgotten her when he was thinking of Tony. But now
that Tony was gone, now that that was, in a way, over, the other
question suddenly stepped forward. Mrs. Lester with her smile, her
arms, the curve of her neck, the scent that she used, the way that
her eyes climbed, as it were, slowly up to his just before she kissed
him. . . . Mrs. Lester . . . and i t must be decided before to-night.
He started walking furiously, and soon he was out on the high
road that ran above the sea. The rain had stopped; the sun was not
actually shining, but there was a light through the heavy clouds as
though it were not very far away, and the glints of blue and gold,

45. not actually seen, but, as it were, trembling on the edge of visible
appearance, seemed to strike the air. Everything shone and glittered
with the rain. The green of trees and fields was so bright against the
grey of sea and sky that it was almost dazzling; its brightness was
unnatural, even a little cruel. And now he was caught up in the very
heat of conflict. The battle seemed suddenly to have burst upon
him, as though there were in reality two visible forces fighting for
the possession of his soul. At one moment he seemed calm,
resolute; Tony, Janet, his wife (and this was curious, because a few
days before she would not have mattered at all), Punch, the tower,
all kinds of queer bits of things, impressions, thoughts, and above
all, a consciousness of some outside power fighting for him—all
these things determined him. He would see Mrs. Lester to-night and
would tell her that there must be nothing more; they should be
friends, good friends, but there must be no more of that dangerous
sentiment, one never knew where it might go. And after all, laws
were meant to be kept. A man wasn’t a man at all if he could injure
a woman in that sort of way. And then he had been Lester’s friend.
How could he dishonour his wife?
And then suddenly it came from the other side, fierce, hot, wild,
so that his heart began to beat furiously, his eyes were dim. He only
saw her, all the rest of the world was swept away. They should have
this one adventure, they must have their one adventure. After all
they were no longer children. They had neither of them known what
life was before; let them live it now, their great experience. If they
missed it now they would regret it all their lives. They would look
back on the things that they might have done, the things that they
might have known, and see that they had passed it all simply
because they had not been brave enough, because they had been
afraid of convention, of old musty laws that had been made
thousands of years ago for other people, people far less civilised,
people who needed rules. And then the thought of her grew upon
him—details, the sense of holding her, keeping her; and then, for an
instant, he was primitive, wild, so that he would have done anything
to seize her in the face of all the world.

46. But it passed; the spirit left him, and again he was miserable,
wretched, penitent. He was that sort of man, a traitor to his wife, to
his friends, to everything that was decent. He was walking furiously,
his hair was blown by the wind, his eyes stared in front of him, and
the early dusk of a grey day began to creep about his feet.
It all came to this. Was there one ethical code for the world, or
must individuals make each their law for their individual case?
There were certain obvious things, such as doing harm to your
neighbours, lying, cruelty, that was bad for the community and so
must be forbidden to the individual; but take an instance of
something in which you harmed no one, did indeed harm yourself by
denying it, was that a sin even if the general law forbade it? What
were a man’s instincts for? Why was he placed so carefully in the
midst of his wonderful adventurous life if he were forbidden to know
anything of it? Why these mists? This line of marble foam far below
him? This hard black edge of the rocks against the sky? It was all
strong, remorseless, inevitable; and he by this namby-pamby kind of
virtue was going contrary to nature.
He let the wind beat about his face as he watched the mists in
great waves and with encircling arms sweep about the cove. There
came to him as he watched, suddenly, some lines from end of “To
Paradise.” He could not remember them exactly, but they had been
something like this:
To Tressiter, as to every other human being, there had come
suddenly his time of revelation, his moment in which he was to see
without any assistance from tradition, without any reference to things
or persons of the past. He beheld suddenly with the vision of some one
new-born, and through his brain and body into the locked recesses of
his soul there passed the elemental passions and movements of the
world that had swayed creation from the beginning. The great volume
of the winds, the tireless beating of waves upon countless shores, the
silent waters of innumerable rivers, the shining flanks of a thousand
cattle upon moorlands that stretch without horizon to the end of time—
it was these things rather than any little acts of civilisation that some
few hundred years had seen that chimed now with the new life that
was his. He had never seen before, he had never known before. He
saw now with unprejudiced eyes, he knew now with a knowledge that

47. discounted all man-made laws and went, like a child, back to Mother
Earth. . . . But with this new knowledge came also its dangers. Because
some laws seemed now of none effect it did not mean that there must
be no laws at all. That way was shipwreck. Only, out of this new
strength, this new clarity of vision, he must make his strength, his
restraint, his discipline for himself, and so pass, a new man, down the
other side of the hill. . . . This is the “middle-age” that comes to every
man. It has nothing to do with years, but it is the great Rubicon of
life. . . .
And so Lester. Fine talk and big words, and a little ludicrous,
perhaps, if one knew what Lester was, but there was something in
it. Oh! yes! there was something in it!
And now this time, this “middle-age,” had come upon him.
He found that his steps had led him back again to the little
church where he had been already that day. He thought that it might
be a good place to sit and think things out, quiet and retired and in
shelter, if the rain came on again.
The dusk was creeping down the little lane, so that the depths of
it were hidden and black; but above the dark clumps of trees the sky
had begun to break into the faintest, palest blue. Some bird rejoiced
at this return of colour and was singing in the heart of the lane;
from the earth rose the sweet clean smell that the rain leaves. From
behind the little blue windows of the church shone a pale yellow
light, of the same pallor as the faint blue of the sky, seeming in
some intimate, friendly way, to re-echo it. The body of the church
stood out grey-white against the surrounding mists. It seemed to
Maradick (and this showed the way that he now credited everything
with vitality) to be bending forward a little and listening to the very
distant beating of the sea; its windows were golden eyes.
The lights seemed to prophesy company, and so he was
surprised, on pushing the door softly back and entering, to find that
there was no one there. But there were two large candles on the
altar, and they waved towards him a little with the draught from the
door as though to greet him. The church seemed larger now in the
half light. The great box-like family pew was lost in the dark corners
by the walls; it seemed to stretch away into infinite space. The other

48. seats had an air of conscious waiting for some ceremony. On one of
them was still an open prayer-book, open at the marriage service,
that had been left there that afternoon. And at the sight of it the
memories of Tony and Janet came back to him with a rush, so that
they seemed to be there with him. Already it seemed a very, very
long time since they had gone, another lifetime almost. And now, as
he thought of it, perhaps, after all, it was better that they had gone
like that.
He thought over the whole affair from the beginning. The first
evening in Treliss, that first night when he had quarrelled with her,
and then there had been Tony. That dated the change in him. But he
could not remember when he had first noticed anything in her. There
had been the picnic, the evening in their room when he had nearly
lost control of himself and shaken her. . . . Yes, it was after that.
That placed it. Well, then, it was only, after all, because he had
shown himself firm, because, for once, he had made her afraid of
him. Because, too, no doubt, she had noticed that people paid him
attention. For the first time in their married life he had become
“somebody,” and that perhaps had opened her eyes. But then there
had been that curious moment the other night when she had spoken
to him. That had been extraordinarily unpleasant. He could feel
again his uncomfortable sensation of helplessness, of not in the least
knowing how to deal with her. That was the new Mrs. Maradick. He
had therefore some one quite new to reckon with.
And then he saw suddenly, there in the church, the right thing to
do. It was to go back. To go back to Epsom, to go back to his wife,
to go back to the girls. He saw that she, Mrs. Maradick, in her own
way, had been touched by the Admonitus Locorum—not that he put
it that way; he called it the “rum place” or “the absurd town.” She
was going to try (she had herself told him so) to be better, more
obliging. He could see her now, sitting there on the end of the bed,
looking at him so pathetically.
The shadows gathered about the church, creeping along the floor
and blotting out the blue light from the windows, and only there was
a glow by the altar where the candles seemed to increase in size,

49. and their light, like a feathery golden mist, hung in circles until it lost
itself in the dusky roof.
But he stared in front of him, seeing simply the two women, one
on each side of him. He had forgotten everything else. They stood
there waiting for him to make his choice. It was the parting of the
ways.
And then suddenly he fell asleep. He did not know that his eyes
closed; he seemed to be still stupidly staring at the two candles and
the rings that they made, and the way that the altar seemed to
slope down in front of him like the dim grey side of a hill. And it was
a hill. He could see it stretch in front of him, up into the air, until the
heights of it were lost. At the foot of the hill ran a stream, blue in
the half-light, and in front of the stream a green plain stretching to
his feet. Along the stream were great banks of rushes, green and
brown, and away to the right and left were brown cliffs running
sheer down into the sea.
And then in his dream he suddenly realised that he had seen the
place before. He knew that beyond the plain there should be a high
white road leading to a town, that below the cliffs there was a cove
with a white sandy bay; he knew the place.
And people approached. He could not see their faces, and they
seemed in that half light in which the blue hills and the blue river
mingled in the grey of the dusk to be shadows such as a light casts
on a screen. They were singing very softly and moving slowly across
the plain. Then they passed away and there was silence again, only
a little wind went rustling down the hill and the rushes all quivered
for an instant. Then the rushes were parted, and a face looked out
from between them and looked at Maradick and smiled. And
Maradick recognised the smile. He had seen it for the first time in a
public-house, thick with smoke, noisy with drinking and laughter. He
could see it all again; the little man in brown suddenly at his table,
and then that delightful charming laugh unlike anything else in the
world—Morelli.
But this figure was naked, his feet were goats’ feet and on his
head were horns; his body was brown and hairy and in his hand was
a pipe. He began to play and slowly the shadowy figures came back

50. again and gathered about him. They began to dance to his playing
moving slowly in the half-light so that at times they seemed only
mist; and a little moon like a golden eye came out and watched
them and touched the tops of the blue hills with flame.
Maradick woke. His head had slipped forward on to the seat in
front of him. He suddenly felt dreadfully tired; every limb in his body
seemed to ache, but he was cold and the seat was very hard.
Then he was suddenly aware that there was some one else in the
church. Over by the altar some one was kneeling, and very faintly
there came to him the words of a prayer. “Our Father, which art in
heaven, Hallowed be Thy name. . . . Thy will be done, . . . as it is in
Heaven. . . . lead us not into temptation; But deliver us from
evil. . . .” It was the old clergyman, the old clergyman with the white
beard.
Maradick sat motionless in his seat. He made no movement, but
he was praying, praying furiously. He was praying to no God that
had a name, but to the powers of all honour, of all charity, of all
goodness.
Love was the ultimate test, the test of everything. He knew now,
with a clearness that seemed to dismiss all the shadows that had
lingered for days about him, that he had never loved Mrs. Lester. It
was the cry of sensuality, the call of the beast; it was lust.
“Deliver us from evil.” He said it again and again, his hands
clenched, his eyes staring, gazing at the altar. The powers of evil
seemed to be all about him; he felt that if he did not cling with all
his strength to that prayer, he was lost. The vision of Mrs. Lester
returned to him. She seemed to get between him and the old man
at the altar. He tried to look beyond her, but she was there,
appealing, holding out her arms to him. Then she was nearer to him,
quite close, he could feel her breath on his cheek; and then again,
with all the moral force that was in him, he pushed her away.
Then he seemed to lie for a long time in a strange lassitude. He
was still sitting forward with his hands pressed tightly together, his
eyes fixed on the altar, but his brain seemed to have ceased to work.
He had that sensation of suddenly standing outside and above
himself. He saw Maradick sitting there, he saw the dusky church and

51. the dim gold light over the altar, and outside the sweep of the plain
and the dark plunging sea; and he was above and beyond it all. He
wondered a little that that man could be so troubled about so small
an affair. He wondered and then pitied him. What a perspective he
must have, poor thing, to fancy that his struggles were of so vast an
importance.
He saw him as a baby, a boy, a man—stolid, stupid self-centred,
ignorant. Oh! so dull a soul! such a lump of clay, just filling space as
a wall fills it; but no use, with no share at all in the music that was
on every side of him.
And then, because for an instant the flame has descended upon
him and his eyes have been opened, he rushes at once to take
refuge in his body. He is afraid of his soul, the light of it hurts him,
he cowers in his dark corner groping for his food, wanting his
sensuality to be satisfied; and the little spark that has been kindled
is nearly out, in a moment it will be gone, because he did not know
what to do with it, and the last state of that man is worse than the
first.
And slowly he came back to himself. The candles had been
extinguished. The church was quite dark. Only a star shone through
the little window and some late bird was singing. He gathered
himself together. It must be late and he must see Morelli. He
stumbled out of the church.
He knew as he faced the wind and the night air that in some
obscure way, as yet only very vaguely realised, he had won the
moral victory over himself. He had no doubt about what he must do;
he had no doubt at all about the kind of life that he must lead
afterwards. He saw that he had been given something very precious
to keep—his vie sacré, as it were—and he knew that everyone had
this vie sacré somewhere, that it was something that they never
talked about, something that they kept very closely hidden, and that
it was when they had soiled it, or hurt it, or even perhaps for a time
lost it, that they were unhappy and saw life miserably and distrusted
their fellow beings. He had never had it before; but he had got it
now, his precious golden box, and it would make all life a new thing.

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