Sonics and ultrasonics in endodontics

explained with Limited matter moreover I have included all the images. if you go through a standard textbook and referred to this PPT it will help you so much I hope It helps you. ask me for the books details.

1. SONICS AND ULTRASONICS IN
ENDODONTICS

2. INTRODUCTION
EVOLUTION
AN INSIGHT
– The Physics behind
Ultrasonics
– The Physics behind
Sonics
BIOPHYSICAL EFFECTS
OF ENDOSONICS
Cavitation
Acoustic Streaming
IRRIGANTS
ULTRASONICS
SONICS
A COMPARATIVE
ANALYSIS
• Shaping of Root Canals
• Canal Debridement
• Root end Preparation
• Endodontic Re-treatment
IntraradicularPost
Removal
Silver Point Removal
GuttaPerchaRemoval
Sealer Placement and
GuttaPerchaObturation
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CONTENTS

3. INTRODUCTION
•Successful endodontic
treatment -
requirements
•Scientific and
technologic advances –
increased the ability
•Clinician –thorough
knowledge
AN INSIGHT
Endosonics?
Difference?
EVOLUTION
Richman –ultrasound –1957
Martin –commercial system –1976
Tronstadt–sonic instruments -1985

4. The Physics behind Ultrasonics
Two basic methods of producing ultrasound
•Magnetostriction
•Piezo-electric principle

5. The Physics behind Sonics
Sonic instruments rely on the passage of pressurized air through the
instrument hand piece in order to use, operating at either or around 3-6 kHz
The sonic instruments have a main driver, which in contrast to the ultrasonic
driver produces an elliptical pattern of oscillation during activation

6. BIOPHYSICAL EFFECTS OF ENDOSONICS
CAVITATION
Cavitationis defined as the growth
and subsequent violent collapseof a
small gas filled cavities pre-existing
in homogeneity in the bulk fluid
ACOUSTIC STREAMING
Acoustic streaming creates small,
intense, circular fluid movement
(i.e., eddy flow ) around the
instruments (Cohen 8
th
edition)
Fluid from
apical to
coronal
Low velocity-
high velocity
Hydrodynamic
shear stresses
Disrupt
biological
material

7. IRRIGANTS
GOALS OF
IRRIGATION
LUBRICATION
LAVAGE OF
DEBRIS
ANTIBACTERIAL
TISSUE
DISSOLUTION
TYPE QUANTITY
TEMPERAT
URE
SHELF LIFE
IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF
IRRIGATING ROOT CANALS
Preliminary debridement-hand
instruments
Shih et al, moodniket al & spangberget al
Irregular canals-organic tissue
Rely on lavage+ chemical dissolution

8. ULTRASONICS
•which sound as an energy
source (at 20 to 42 kHz),
activates an endodontic file
resulting in three
dimensional activation
SONICS
Similarity
Imparting vibrationaltype of
movement
Involves only a hand piece
Use compressed air
Options for irrigating
The frequency of 1.5 –3 kHz
Power
souce
Holder and
adaptor
Endo file
A.Rispi sonic
B.Shaper sonic
C.Trio sonic

9. CT TIPS
First ultrasonic tips for
endodontic surgery
made of stainless steel
Designed by Dr.GaryCarr
First available in early 1990
KiSTIPS
 1999 by Dr.SyngcukKim
designed for use in endodontic microsurgery
Diamond coating provides a micro-rough surface
of the inner wall of the retro prepared cavity
ADVANTAGES
increased cutting efficiency due to their
diamond coating.
The dentin surface is left smooth, yet
microscopically rough, which results in better
adaptation of filling materials, fewer
microfracturesand less leakage.
PRO ULTRA TIPS
Exists in two types namely
Proultraendo1-8
Proultrasurgical endotips 1-6
These tips are designed by
Dr.CliffordJ. Ruddle

10. CPRTIPS
•CPR1-5arediamondcoatedandactivealongthesideof
thetips
•CPR6-8aretitaniumseries
BUC TIPS
Designed by L. Stephen Buchanan
•BUC-1: cutting and refining line angles, smoothing access walls
•BUC-2:The Planer Disk Tip, medium diamond grit -planingpulp chamber floors and safely plane
attached pulp stones out without cutting the chamber floor.
•BUC-2a: Smaller Disk-used for corners of molar and bicuspid access preparations. 1mm in
diamater
•BUC-3: The sharp tipped, fine diamond grit -very active tip for cutting into calcified roots and
around posts
BK 3 TIPS
•threebendsforeasyaccesstoanypreparationincludingMB2canals.
•providesincreasedvisibilityandcanfinishanentireprepwithonetip.
•usewithanyapplication.

11. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Ultrasonics
High efficiency
Reduced operator fatigue
Ideal power driven
One of the uncharted
problems-enlarging
instrument –the K file
Replacing k-files with k-
flex
Curved canals : 15-k
Factors affecting final
shape:
Power setting
Interfacial force
Geometry
Irrigant
Superimposition
SHAPING OF ROOT CANALS
SONICS
Oscillatory pattern
Free to oscillate
20K for 15
Cutting
effeciency
Rispi,shaper,
ultra K
Straight canalsUltra diamond
Curved canalsSonics
Debris
extrusion
Sonics
Flaring Ultra sonics

12. ROOT END PREPARATION
MOST CRUCIAL FACTOR
ULTRASONIC RETRO PREPARATION
TECHNIQUE
ADVANTAGES –conservative,
bevelling, clean walls and features
RETRO PREPARATION TIPS –SONICS

13. ENDODONTIC RE-TREATMENT
INTRARADICULAR POST
REMOVAL
Ultrasonics–high efficient
Involves:
–Coronolcement removal
–Buildupmaterial
–Activating tip
–Sonic –ineffective
–Frequency or amplitude
SILVER POINT REMOVAL
The tightly fitted, well
cemented silver cone that is flush
with the canal orifice is a
challenge to remove
In such cases, removal is
enhanced through the use of
ultrasonic devices
A conservative approach -
advocated by Krell
GUTTA PERCHA REMOVAL
Ultrasonic instrumentation -
with a solvent
The ultrasonic-chloroform
technique may produce residual
slurry that may coat the canal
wall
Halothane -quick retrieval of
the bulk
Although ultrasonic
instrumentation require less time
than hand instrumentation to
attain the working length, it uses
significantly more solvent
because the solvent not only acts
as an irrigantbut also gets
volatilized

14. SEALER PLACEMENT & GUTTA PERCHA OBTURATION
Sealer placement significantly
superior to hand reamer placement
lateral and accessory canals well
Filled
A common -“whipping up” of the
cement
replacing the ZnO-Eugenol sealer
with a resin sealer like AH-26
The Helio Sonic files are also equally
useful for coating the canal wall with
sealers and for placing calcium
hydroxide pastes
Moreno first suggested the
technique of plasticizing guttapercha
in the canal with an ultrasonic
instrument

15. CONCLUSION
•Currently endosonicshave wider applications
in endodontics. The multiple effects of
endosonicsare physical, Chemical and
biological actions. Thus is developed the
EndosonicUltrasonic Synergistic System

16. REFERENCES
Pathways of Pulp –Cohen 4
th
, 6
th
,8
th
editions
Endodontic practice-Ingle 4
th
edition
DCNA-Modern endodontic practice
JOE-1987
Current trends in
EndodontologyDr.A.Parmeswaran, Dr.B.P.Rajan
FACE-1 Tooth Resorption-Dr.M.R. Srinivasan

17. Thank you