sources of data for public health research.ppt

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1. SOURCES OF DATA
SM 604/606
Sept 2019

2. Sources of Data for India
Overview
Census (1871-2001)
Civil registration (from the 19th Century)
Sample registration system (1970-)
National Family and Health Surveys (1993, 1998,
2005)
Reproductive and Child Health Project (1998-99)
SRS surveys (from the 1980s)
Multiple Indicator Survey 2000
LSMS Survey of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
Medical causes of death
Other sources

3. Census of India -1
ObjectivesExhaustive survey of population and
housing
DatesStarted in 1871-72
Last census: 1 March 2001
Frequency: decennial (no interruption),
usually conducted in March
Organization
and
management
Office of Registrar General of India,
Delhi and regional offices
Enumeration conducted by temporary
employees (including local officials)
SamplingOperations: house numbering, house
listing, population enumeration
(Census), post-enumeration survey
Conducted at individual, household
(and village) level.
Exhaustive

4. Census of India -2
Publication
scale
Data now published at
village/tehsil/district/town/ state level
Volume: more than one thousand
volumes published every ten years
(from village, district to country level)
Census newsletter (PDF)
Publication
Paper format: volumes of the Census of
India (tables, analysis, special analyses)
Old census volumes on microfiches
(from 1871 to 1971)
Electronic format: many tables on CD,
some tables and reports on web
Raw data: not available

5. Census of India -3
Topics
covered
Socioeconomic and demographic
characteristics (individual level)
Housing amenities, household goods
(household level)
Infrastructure and land use data from other
sources (village level)
Migration (individual)-by birth, by
place of residence, by duration
Special Tables on SC/ST
Fertility
Workers, Industry
Unit of
Analysis
Rural-village, development block, Gram
Panchayat
Urban
Enumeration block, Zones, Urban
villages, Urban Districts, Urban
Agglomeration

6. Census of India -4
Web
resources
http://www.censusindia.gov.in/ (new
reorganized website with tables, maps,
publication list, some reports-including old
ones-, etc.)
http://www.censusindia.gov.in/maps/censu
sgis/Census_GIS/maps.htm(for customized
mapping)
http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/def
ault.htm(digital version of first colonial
census volumes 1871-1901)
Other
sites More and more states have now their own
Census websites.
Check on google for "Census + Andra
Pradesh", Himachal, Kerala, Orissa, Gujarat,
West Bengal, Tamil Nadu etc.

7. Census of India -5
Assessment
Indispensable as the only exhaustive
source on Indian population.
Most economic, social and demographic
characteristics are covered
LimitationsNo raw data available
Limited village data available
Publication delays vary from one month
to ten years
New
features
Tables immediately available from the
web
Census maps from the web
New information included in 2001
Census (agriculture, mobility, etc.)
Permanent location number
La Trobe University has already scanned
reports from 1871, 1881, 1891 and 1901
censuses

8. Civil registration-1
ObjectivesExhaustive registration of vital events
(births, deaths) with additional
particulars
DatesStarted in the 19th century (1850s in
some cities)
Currently running
Organization
and
management
Office of Registrar General of India,
Delhi, and various state-level bodies
(department of public health,
statistics, etc.)
Enumeration conducted by local
officials in rural areas
Voluntary registration in urban areas
(taluk office, etc.)

9. Civil registration -2
Sampling
Registration of all births and deaths
Publication
scale
Data published at district/town/ state
level.
Data may also be published at lower
level (urban wards, taluk, etc.) in
specific states
Volume: one volume per year for
India.
Information at state level may be
included in State reports.
Publication
Paper format: Civil registration in India
series
Electronic format: some tables may
be available on various web site
Raw data: not available

10. Civil registration-3
Topics
covered
Births: sex, age of mother, etc.
Deaths: sex, age, cause of death, etc.
No data available on migration,
marriage, divorce, etc.
Web
resources
www.censusindia.net(very limited
information available)
More and more information available on
specific State website.
See for example for Delhi or Gujarat,
but on the whole, it is a matter of luck.

11. Civil registration-4
Assessment
Indispensable as the only potentially
exhaustive source on births and deaths
Limitations
Coverage and registration level vary
from somewhat reliable to very poor
Publication delays vary from five years
to ten years
Detailed cross tabulations not available
New features
Major improvements in the CR system
are now under way with the launching of
the 2003 campaign on birth certificates
Unpublished district-wise data may be
available at the ORG in Delhi if you meet
the right people at the right moment

12. Sample Registration System (SRS)-1
Objectives
Sample registration of vital events (births,
deaths) with additional particulars
Provides estimated vital rates to
supplement defective civil registration
Dates
Started in 1964-65 (pilot surveys),
operational since 1970
Currently running
Frequency: annual reports based on
continuous enumeration of vital events

13. Sample Registration System (SRS)-2
Organization
and
management
Office of Registrar General of India, Delhi,
and regional offices
Enumeration conducted by temporary
employees (including local officials)
Sampling
Conducted at individual, household (and
village) level.
Sample (state level and rural/urban): 6671
units in 2000 (2235 urban units) covering
6.3 million people (1.4 in urban areas)

14. Sample Registration System (SRS)-3
Publication
scaleData published at state level (with
rural/urban differentials)
Volume: one volume per year.
SRS bulletin (annual)
Additional volumes: special studies (life
tables, compendia, etc.)
Publication
Paper format: annual volume (tables,
analysis) and special analyses
Electronic format: some more tables on the
web
Raw data: not available
Websitehttp://www.censusindia.gov.in/Vital_Statisti
cs/SRS_Bulletins/Bulletins.aspx(latest
information available for 2007!!)

15. Sample Registration System (SRS)-4
AssessmentIndispensable as the only dependable
estimates on regional birth and deaths
rates (including infant, child and maternal
mortality)
Good quality of estimates (with regional
and temporal variation though)
Special reports available (but alas not on
the web)
Limitations
6 Data published only at state level
No raw data available
New
featuresSamples renewed
Data more regularly published on the
Census website

16. National and Family Health Surveys -1
(NFHS)
Objectives
Large-scale survey on reproductive health
Provides estimates on health and
demographic behaviour at state level
DatesNFHS 1 in 1992-93
NFHS 2 in 1998-99
NFHS 3 in 2005-06
NFHS 4 in 2015-16
Organization
and
management
IIPS, Mumbai, is the coordinating agency
(with USAID, ORC Macro, East-West Center)
State surveys conducted by Population
Research Centres, private organizations etc.
Enumeration conducted by temporary
employees after intensive training

17. National and Family Health
Surveys 2 (NFHS)
Sampling
Conducted at individual, household (and
community) level.
Sample size for NFHS 2: 89199 women,
91196 householdsin all states
Publication
scale
Data published at state level (with
rural/urban differentials)
Volume: one volume per state.
Additional studies also available
including eight Mega cities, Young
population

18. National and Family Health Surveys
3 (NFHS)
Publication Paper format: regional and national
volumes (tables, analysis) and special
analyses
Electronic format: most reports
available on the web (PDF format)
Raw data: available on CD (can also be
downloaded from the web)
Topics
covered
Reproductive health: nuptiality, fertility,
family planning, maternal and natal
care, AIDS awareness, nutrition, quality
of care, urban areas, slums,
infrastructure.
Websitewww.nfhsindia.org/ (all published
reports)
www.measuredhs.com/(access to raw
data)

19. National and Family Health Surveys 4 (NFHS)
Assess
ment
the major source on health and demographic behaviour
at the individual and regional level. Provides more
information than any other demographic survey
State reports published and available for download
Raw data available for further research and many DHS
papers on special topics
Limitati
ons
Data published at state level (or sub-state units), also
available for districts or cities
Data quality varies
geographical information is still sparse
New
feature
s
NFHS 2 made available in less than 2 years
NFHS 3 covers quite a lot of new ground (including
AIDS)
NFHS 4-NFHS-4, for the first time, provides district-
level estimates for many important indicators.

20. Additional information in NFHS 4
malaria prevention,
migration in the context of HIV,
abortion, violence during pregnancy etc. have been added.
The scope of clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical testing
(CAB) or Biomarker component has been expanded to include-
measurement of blood pressure and
blood glucose levels.
NFHS-4 sample has been designed to provide district and
higher level estimates of various indicators covered in the
survey.
However, estimates of indicators of sexual behaviour, husband’s
background and woman’s work, HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes
and behaviour, and, domestic violencewill be available at State
and national level only

21. Reproductive and Child Health Project-
Rapid Household Survey (RCH-RHS)
Facility Survey
Objectives
District-level survey on reproductive and
child health and on government services
(facility survey)
Dates
RHS 1 in 1998-99 (in two phases)
RHS 2 in 2002-03 (in two phases)
RHS 3 in 2007-08
RHS 4....
Organization
and
management
IIPS, Mumbai, is the coordinating agency
State surveys conducted by Population
Research Centres, private organizations etc.
Enumeration conducted by temporary
employees after intensive training

22. Reproductive and Child Health Project-
Rapid Household Survey (RCH-RHS)
Facility Survey-1&2
Sampli
ngConducted at individual and household
level.
1000 households per district ( 529 817 for
India) with 474 463 women and 257 245
men interviewed
conducted in two phases (with slightly
modified questionnaires)
Publica
tion
scale
Data published at national level with
district estimates
India volume published and additional
(state or district) volumes scheduled

23. Reproductive and Child Health Project-
Rapid Household Survey (RCH-RHS)
Facility Survey...
Publication
Paper format: regional and national
volumes (tables, analysis)
Electronic format: a few reports are
available on the web (PDF format)
Raw data: available on CD from IIPS
Topics
coveredAnte Natal Care (ANC) and other health
services, demographic behaviour, family
planning, awareness about RTI/STI and
HIV/AIDS, user's satisfaction
Health Infrastructure (trained staff,
equipment, etc.) health facilities

24. Reproductive and Child Health Project-
Rapid Household Survey (RCH-RHS)
Facility Survey...
Website
wwww.rchindia.org(this website is
known to be unreliable)
Report is in
http://mohfw.nic.in/dlhs_2002.htm
see also:
http://health.nic.in/fsnfhs.htmwhich
includes some of the results
Assessment
An unique source to assess the quality
of government health services
Data available at district level
LimitationsRegional reports not yet available
Data quality varies

25. Reproductive and Child Health Project-
Rapid Household Survey (RCH-RHS)
Facility Survey-5
New
featuresRound 2 includes further dimensions
(nutritional status, attitude of
husbands)
Website
www.rchindia.org
Report is in
http://mohfw.nic.in/dlhs_2002.htm
see also:
http://health.nic.in/fsnfhs.htmwhich
includes some of the results

26. District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS)
The District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS) 3 was
initiated in 2007
with a view to assess the utilization of services provided by
government health care facilities and people’s perception about
the quality of services.
The DLHS-3 is the third in the series of district surveys, preceded
by
DLHS-1 in 1998-99 and
DLHS-2 in 2002-04.
DLHS-3, like other two earlier rounds, is designed to provide
estimates on –
maternal and child health,
family planning and
other reproductive health services.

27. In addition, DLHS-3 provides-
information on important interventions of National Rural
Health Mission (NRHM).
Unlike other two rounds in which only currently married
women age 15-44 years were interviewed, DLHS -3 interviewed
ever-married women (age 15-49) and never married women
(age 15-24).

28. sample size
The sample size among the districts in the country varies
according to their performance in terms of
Ante-Natal Care (ANC),
institutional delivery,
immunization, etc. and
it was fixed based on information related to such indicators
from DLHS-2.
For low performing districts, 1500 Households (HHs),
for medium performing districts, 1200 HHs and
for good performing districts, 1000 HHs were fixed as
sample size.

29. SRS surveys (in brief)-1
Name and
managing
agency
SRS surveys on mortality and fertility
Surveys conducted from the SRS
sample by the ORG (see above for
details on SRS)
Year and
place1972 and 1979 for all states
Sampling
Conducted on the SRS sample at
state level (with urban/rural
differentials)

30. SRS surveys (in brief)-2
Publication
Paper format: national volumes
(tables, analysis)
No electronic format
Raw data not available
Topics
covered
Mortality (1979)
Fertility (1972, 1979)
Observations
The first reliable all-India surveys
before the NFHS
Limited data available

31. MICS-2000 (in brief)-1
Name and
managing
agency
Multiple Indicator Survey 2000
Surveys designed by Unicef to assess
the situation of children at the end of
the century
Department of Women and Child
Development, Ministry of Human
Resources Development
Year and
place2000 for all states

32. MICS-2000 (in brief)-2
Sampling
119305 households for India
Stratified by state and urban/rural
Publication
Summary report published in
November 2001
No raw data available so far
http://www.childinfo.org/mics2_indi
a.html (report)
Topics
covered
Household characteristics
School attendance, health status,
nutrition, education, family planning,
morbidity, registration of births

33. Uttar Pradesh and Bihar: Survey of
Living Conditions-1
Name and
managing
agency
Uttar Pradesh and Bihar 1997-98: Survey
of Living Conditions
This study utilized both qualitative
methods –
rapid rural appraisal (RRA) &
participatory rural appraisal (PRA)
methodologies, and semi-structured
interviews –as well as quantitative
methods drawing on data collected from
household and community surveys
modeled after the World Bank’s Living
Standards Measurement Study (LSMS)
surveys.
Year and
place
1997-1998 in Bihar and UP

34. Uttar Pradesh and Bihar: Survey of
Living Conditions-2
Sampling
25 districts 120 villages 2,250
households
South and eastern Uttar Pradesh and
north and central Bihar.
Publication
No report available
For work derived from it, see
http://www.worldbank.org/lsms/research
/country3.html
Documentation and data available from:
http://www.worldbank.org/html/prdph/ls
ms/country/india/upbhhome.html

35. Uttar Pradesh and Bihar: Survey
of Living Conditions-3
Topics
covered
Household
characteristics:
composition, income, agricultural
production, expenses, food
vulnerability, reproductive
Health
Village characteristics
(infrastructures, migration,
accessibility).

36. Various other sources of demographic
information
Rural
health
statistics
Bulletin of rural health statistics, includes state-
wise data on health infrastructures
Website
Family
planning
Department of family welfare (Ministry of
Health)
National health and Family Planning (NIHFW)
Annual Report
Some statistics available on their website:
http://mohfw.nic.in/dofw%20website/about%20
us/structure.htm
Indiastat
A website with tons of data, including
demographic data
Not free! And a complete mess albeit full of
interesting stuff
http://www.indiastat.com/default.asp

37. Various other sources of demographic
information
Overseas
Indians
Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs
Website:http://moia.gov.in/index.asp
Estimated number of persons of Indian origin by
country:
http://moia.gov.in/shared/linkimages/31.pdf
CBHI
Central Bureau of Health Intelligence
Provide ready information on Health Profile of
India (demography, health care, morbidity &
mortality indicators as well as
medical/paramedical education & infrastructure
in the country)
http://cbhidghs.nic.in/index.asp

38. Various other sources of demographic
information
National
Sample
Surveys
NSS: National sample survey
The largest choice of social,
economic and demographic
information from regular NSS rounds
http://mospi.nic.in/nsso_test1.htm
Recent reports are now downloadable
after registration:
http://mospi.nic.in/nspb_m.htm

39. Census and sample Survey
Census
Complete Count/ enumeration
Gathering of data on different characteristics from ALL
units of population
Operational difficulties-costly
Obtains data at regular interval
Collates data for international collation
Important source of data
Sample Survey
A part of universe is taken for study
Economize the use of limited resources
Sample should be representative of the universe
Results of the survey provide estimates for the population
Difference between the survey and pop can be minimized

40. Knowledge as Tool of Governance

41. GIS Resource Mapping