Sources of waste full chap

which are the main sources of waste

1. Sources of Waste Presented by me

2. What is waste? -Any material that is discarded and is no longer useful or any remains at the end of a process

3. 3 Kinds of Wastes- Solid wastes : domestic, commercial and industrial wastes Examples: plastics, containers, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash Liquid Wastes : wastes in liquid form Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds, manufacturing industries and other sources

4. 4 Sources of Wastes Households Commerce and Industry Chemicals Radio-active

5. 5 Sources of Wastes Agriculture Fisheries

6. Sludge  refers to the residual, semi-solid material left from industrial wastewater, or sewage treatment processes. a hillock of waste matter from coal mining, etc: slag heap are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction(tailing) A  slurry  is a thin sloppy mud or cement

7. Water - Impurities Air - CO, CO 2 , SO 2 , dust, etc., Land - Waste from Agriculture , sewage, etc., Food - Adulterants Disposed plastics

8. The pneumonic plaque that broke out in November 1994 in India is a typical example of solid waste mismanagement .

9. Non-degradable or persistent in nature; Biologically modified; Highly toxic and even lethal at low concentration; Create danger to the living community, immediately or over a period of time & are hazardous Effect of Waste

10. Domestic waste Wastes generated due to domestic activities Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, leather , wood, glass, metals, ashes, . bottles ,cotton, rags or any kitchen waste

11. INDUSTRIAL WASTE Examples: Chemicals, paints , sand paper or any industrial by-products .Sulphur dioxide ,nitrogen dioxide emissions cause health hazards These are waste from various industries (small or large scale) These waste are considered useless during a manufacturing process

12. -- 6/34 Source Some mining process . Large volumes of chemicals and liquids. Leaching of metals add metal content into rivers ground water etc Waste generated during mining & excavation operations. These are toxic & hazardous Mining Dust emitted is a health hazard Produce coarse and fine particles cement Wood, steel, concrete, dirt, pipes, rubble, bricks etc. Sulphur compounds &hydro carbons Waste generation due to demolition of buildings. waste generated from petrochemical plant & refineries Construction and Demolition Oil refineries Different industries and waste products

13. Chemical wastes Extensive use of chemicals for industrial and agricultural purposes . Detergents, Fertilizers, Toxic metals in industrial waste and Soil based technology are the main source. Cadmium, Mercury, Chromium, lead, Arsenic and Barium are some of the toxic pollutants

14. Types of solid wastes The three general types are Municipal or urban wastes Industrial wastes Hazardous wastes

15. 15 Municipal waste Bio-degradable can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others) Non-biodegradable cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines, cans, containers and others)

16. Agricultural waste Field residue Materials left in an agricultural field after the crops are harvested Examples Wheat,barley stalks from corn etc Process residue Materials left after the crops are being processed into some useful products. Examples Bagasse : left over after the cane is crushed , molasses, seeds

17. Bio medical waste

18. BIO-MEDICAL WASTE treatment diagnosis ( process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder) or immunization( process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine )

19. Bio-medical wastes include Needles , syringes , pathological wastes ( blood , body fluids ,body parts etc) Waste form surgery or autopsy (An  autopsy —also known as a postmortem examination) Discarded medical instruments

20. Why great care should be taken while disposing bio- medical waste? If the bio-medical wastes are not properly managed and disposed off, they can lead to further spread of the diseases. The disease risk from these wastes increases also the risks of chemical pollution increases.

21. PRECAUTIONS:   All the disposable items other than waste sharps(device used to puncture the skin), saline bottles, I-V (intra venous) fluid bottles(used for  the infusion of liquid substances directly into a   vein ). etc. shall be punctured before being sent for treatment.   Bio-medical Waste must be kept in segregated storage in coloured plastic bags with mouths securely tied and transfer it to the central intermediate storage room located in a convenient position of the health care unit.

22. nuclear wastes It is a waste generated by the nuclear energy industry and include substances which are used in cooling & storing nuclear fuels The radiations from radioactive substances –prolonged exposure results in damage to the living organisms and they contaminate air, water and land.

23. Nuclear waste storage

24. Nuclear fuel process

25. Nuclear fuel What is it? (Nuclear fuel is a material that can be 'consumed' by nuclear fission( nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts) or fusion to derive nuclear energy. The most common are uranium-235 ( 235 U) and plutonium-239) Radio active elements Uranium 235 Plutonium 239

26. What are the sources of nuclear waste? The leakage of nuclear radiations from nuclear reactors & nuclear research laboratories is a significant source of nuclear waste .

27. How is it harmful ? It is harmful as it percolates down through the soil into groundwater reservoirs or is carried into streams and rivers Radiation emissions are extremely harmful/injurious

28. Why there is a need to handle radio-active waste carefully? Nuclear wastes must be handled properly as these radiations when emitted remain may prove to be dangerous for thousands of years.