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1. SPACE BASED SOLAR ENERGY HARNESSING THE SUN’S ENERGY IN ORBIT

2. CONTENTS: ABSTRACT WHAT IS SPACE BASE SOLAR ENERGY HISTORY OF SPACE BASED SOLAR POWER WORKING PRINCIPLE NORMAL SOLAR POWER VS SPACE BASED SOLAR POWER ADVANTAGES AND DISAVANTAGES CONCLUSION

3. ABSTRACT Space-Based Satellite Power (SBSP) is a revolutionary renewable energy technology that harnesses solar energy in orbit around the Earth, converting it into microwave beams transmitted to ground-based receivers. This innovative approach offers a clean, constant, and global energy supply, mitigating climate change and energy poverty. SBSP systems consist of solar power satellites, energy conversion and transmission components, and ground-based receivers. While promising, SBSP faces technical, economic, and environmental challenges. Ongoing research aims to optimize energy conversion efficiency, reduce costs, and address space debris and interference concerns. As the world transitions to sustainable energy sources, SBSP has the potential to play a vital role in the global energy mix, providing a reliable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional power generation methods.

4. WHAT IS SPACE BASE SOLAR ENERGY? It's a renewable energy technology that: 1.Collects solar energy in orbit around the Earth 2.Converts it into a usable form(eg: microwaves or lasers) 3.Transmits the energy back to Earth as electricity

5. HISTORY OF SPACE BASED SOLAR POWER In 1968 Dr. Peter Glaser, an engineer working at Arthur D. Little Inc. Formally proposed the concept of space-based solar power. He suggested the use of geostationary satellites equipped with large solar arrays to collect solar energy and transmit it to Earth via microwave beams. This concept laid the foundation for SBSP research. Decline in Interest and Technological Challenges (1980s-1990s) In 1980s-1990s Interest in SBSP declined due to several factors, including the high cost of space missions, limited advancements in relevant technologies, and competition from other renewable energy sources on Earth. Research continued at a lower level, mostly within academic and scientific communities. Renewed Interest and Technological Advancements (2000s-Present) In 2000s Advances in technology, such as lighter materials, more efficient solar cells, and cheaper space launches, led to a renewed interest in SBSP. Japan's space agency, JAXA, became one of the leading proponents of space-based solar power and initiated several research programs.

6. I n 2015 JAXA successfully demonstrated wireless power transmission, a key technology for SBSP, by transmitting 1.8 kilowatts of power over a distance of 50 meters using microwaves. In 2020 Private companies, like SpaceX, have begun to reduce the cost of space launches, which could make SBSP more economically viable. The European Space Agency (ESA) also launched the SOLARIS initiative to explore the potential of SBSP The ISRO has expressed interest in the potential of SBSP to contribute to global energy needs and reduce reliance on terrestrial energy sources. While not as advanced as NASA or JAXA in SBSP development, ISRO has conducted preliminary studies and research to explore the feasibility of the concept.

7. WORKING PRINCIPLE Step 1: Solar Energy Collection A satellite in geosynchronous orbit (36,000 km high) collects solar energy using photovoltaic (PV) panels or solar concentrators. The satellite is designed to maximize energy collection with a large surface area and optimized solar panel orientation. Step 2: Energy storage 1.Some SBSE systems may include energy storage components like batteries 2. Store excess energy generated during peak solar hours Step 3: Conversion to Microwaves The electrical energy collected by the solar panels is converted into microwave radiation. Microwaves are a type of electromagnetic wave, which can travel through the vacuum of space without the need for wires. The actual conversion of electrical energy into microwaves is done using a device called a microwave generator.

8. Step 4:Microwave Transmission The satellite uses a microwave transmitter to send the microwaves toward Earth. The transmission is carefully directed to a specific location on the ground using a technique called beamforming. This ensures that the energy is sent efficiently and safely to the desired receiving station. Step 5: Receiving on Earth On the ground, a receiving station equipped with a rectenna (a specialized type of antenna designed to receive microwave power) captures the microwaves. The rectenna converts the microwave energy back into direct current (DC) electricity. Step 6: Energy Distribution The DC electricity can then be converted into alternating current(AC) for distribution through the electrical grid, making it available for use.

9. Step 7: Power Grid Integration 1.The converted energy is fed into the power grid and distributed to consumers. 2. SBSE systems can provide a constant and reliable source of energy, complementing traditional power sources. Step 8: Monitoring and Control The entire SBSE system is monitored and controlled from a central location ensuring: 1.Optimal energy collection and transmission 2.System maintenance and troubleshooting

10. NORMAL SOLAR POWER VS SPACE BASED SOLAR POWER Solar power can be harnessed both from Earth's surface (normal solar power) and from space (space-based solar power). Each approach has its own set of advantages, challenges, and applications. Here’s a comparison between normal solar power and space-based solar power. Photovoltaic (PV) Panels : Solar panels installed on rooftops, buildings, or solar farms convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor materials. Solar power generation is dependent on weather conditions and time of day, leading to variability in power output. Used for individual homes, businesses, and community solar projects.

11. Solar Satellites : Solar panels placed in geostationary or other orbits collect solar energy without atmospheric interference. The collected energy is then converted into microwave or laser beams and transmitted to Earth, where it is received by rectennas (receiving antennas) and converted back into electricity Solar panels in space receive constant sunlight, unaffected by weather or time of day, providing a continuous and reliable source of power. Energy collection is not affected by atmospheric conditions, leading to higher efficiency compared to terrestrial systems. Can potentially capture and transmit more solar energy than ground-based systems.

12. ADVANTAGES OF SBSP 1.Renewable Energy source 2.Zero Greenhouse Gas 3.Consistant Energy supply 4.Global Energy Distribution 5.Low Maintenance DISADVANTAGES OF SBSP 1. High Initial Costs 2. Technological challenges 3. Security concerns 4.Energy conversion Efficiency 5. Scalability Global Coverage

13. CONCLUSION In the conclusion, space-based solar power (SBSP) presents a visionary approach to meeting global energy needs by harnessing the sun’s energy from space. It offers the potential for continuous, efficient, and environmentally friendly power generation. However, the concept also comes with significant challenges, including high costs, technical hurdles, and safety issues. While SBSP holds promise for the future, its success will depend on overcoming these obstacles and making it a practical, economically viable solution for global energy demands .

14. PRESENTED BY: 21KA1A0245 : Y.NIHARIKA 21KA1A0258: S.KIRAN DEEPTHI 21KA1A0259:D.SREEVENI

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