Space Construction - Its not Rocket Science...is it? #COMIT2018

Presentation by Dr Ravi Margasahayam of NASA at the 2018 Construction Mobile IT Conference 'Digital Construction: Lighting the Way' at the Hallam Conference Centre, London on 24th and 25th May 2018. More information at http://www.comit.org.uk/cconference-2018

1. Space Construction: It’s not Rocket Science…Is it? Presented By: Dr. Ravi Margasahayam, M.S., M.B.A. Global Space Ambassador VIP Tour Guide and International Public Speaker NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center, USA

2. Presentation Outline Introductory Comments Reasons for the Exploration of Space Construction on Earth key to Exploration ISS: We are Living and Working in Space Aerospace/Construction Synergy from Space Technology trends and Innovations in Future Conclusions: Takeaway – Innovate or Perish

3. INTRODUCTION: Advance of civilization has been realized through the ages by exploration of unknown parts of the Earth and by exploiting new resources thus acquired . There are currently practically no new areas on this planet to be explored and exploited. This is achieved by the completion of the period called globalization. As a natural continuation of this process, humans will now explore and exploit new areas beyond Earth, i.e. in space. Moon has already been explored partly, it awaits a complete exploration and colonization. The next step will be Mars and beyond. Habitation on these new space bodies will firstly necessitate construction of outposts on these bodies. Thus construction on the Moon, Mars, and other space bodies can be considered to be an important component of space research. An overview of space exploration is presented with an emphasis on innovations past/future in space construction industry and the importance of space spinoffs to construction on Earth.

4. Pale Blue Dot (Earth) NASA is a global leader in Space Exploration: Been there, done that, call us. Seeing the Unseen – daring the impossible - is what we do best. Cassini image from Saturn Earthrise image from Moon (Apollo 8) Windows to the universe – Hubble (Earth 13.5 Billion years old) Robotic Rovers on Mars (seven landings) Voyager 1 – historic planetary tour beyond solar system Six landings on the Moon One small step for Man

5. Steam Engines for Mining, Ships Before Laws of Thermodynamics

6. Famous First Flight (Wright Bros) Even before Aerodynamics Laws

7. Microwave technology came from A totally different field - Radar

8. It is possible to fly without motors, but not without knowledge, skill & experience. …… Wilbur Wright

9. Why Explore Space Space : New frontier & conduit for innovations

10. I don’t think the human race will survive the next thousand years, unless we spread into space…… Stephen Hawking

11. Explore we must – to save the Earth Innovation = creativity * risk

12. Aerospace: shaped by fundamental difference - taking risks: “We chose to go to the Moon” - 1961 Do things not because they are easy…but hard

13. Earth Lagrangian Point L2 932,000 mi Near-Earth Asteroid 3,106,870 mi Moon 238,855 mi 70 t Mars 34,600,000 mi International Space Station 230 mi Curiosity 130t Human Spaceflight: Future is exciting

14. Even when Exploration is risky expensive and dangerous (rewards?)

15. NASA Exploration had led to innovations Commercialization then benefits people on Earth Beyond Maslow’s Law: Food/Shelter/Water/Health

16. Exploration of Space requires Construction on Earth

17. Launch : WW III with Gravity….and hidden hazards on the ground &vacuum of Space

18. External Tank Reusable Solid Rocket Motor Solid Rocket Booster Space Shuttle Main Engine Complex System Configuration High Performance Challenging Material Systems Rocket alone has 3 Million of Parts Logistics/Safety

19. Largest Buildings, Roadbeds, Structures Extraordinary Engineering

20. Fields of Expertise needed to develop a Spacecraft structure….no one individual can learn all this stuff….TEAMWORK is the key!!! No “I” in teamwork . Building blocks of education - Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry - Statics and Dynamics - Materials Science - Mechanics of Materials - Structural analysis - Mechanical design, Manufacturing - Probability and Statistics - Aerospace Systems - Communication skills…writing, speaking, - Listening skills Training and Tools - CAD/CAM/CAE and Solid modeling - FE model and analysis - Microsoft excel, word, etc. - Fracture mechanics (FLAGRO etc.) - Other tools (MATLAB, Math CAD) Fields of Specialty - Structural design - Mechanical design - Structural dynamics - Stress analysis - Thermal analysis - Materials testing - Failure and Fracture analysis - Manufacturing - Test Engineering - Quality Assurance - Systems Engineering - Field engineering - Safety, reliability engineering - Accident investigation skills

21. There is always Uncertainty in Structural Design - Engineer always designs for a set failure criteria

22. Hubble - Most Valuable Window To The Universe (Repair as well)

23. Space Construction by Reusable Rockets Three million parts working harmoniously at liftoff

24. Columbia Accident – Fear of Failure

25. Buy her a plane ticket – Timely Innovations Intelligence, Imagination and Ingenuity

26. State-of-the-art solution for woodpecker problem on NASA launch pad

27. Heavenly Construction aids in Living and Working in Space

28. These are static monuments built only for a few people, not entire mankind.

29. From Science Fiction to Reality Star Wars Tie Fighter Star Trek PADD Rosie the Robot from the Jetsons

30. Perfect Touchdown in Florida Projects are all about …….Mission Success !!!!

31. Global Earth Observing Platform – 200 Billion US Dollars / 1 M Pounds Lasers

32. International Space Station (ISS) - Dimensions Wingspan : 361 feet (120 m) Spacecraft Mass: ≈900,000 lb. (≈408,233 kg) Spacecraft Pressurized Volume: 32,333 ft 3 (916 m 3 ) Velocity: 17,500 mph (28,200 kph) Science Capability: Laboratories from 5 international space agencies – Europe, Japan, Canada, Russia and USA. Direction of travel (front)

33. Elements are constructed around the world and come together in space with hairline tolerance. Lego-like modules built with high precision

34. Payload or Module inside Space Shuttle Cargo Bay After Launch

35. December 2006 - Astronaut Robert L. Curbeam Jr. (left) and European Space Agency astronaut Christer Fuglesang work on the Port 1 (P1) truss. The Pacific Ocean with New Zealand and Cook Strait is seen. Cook Strait divides New Zealand's North and South Islands. Astronauts work on the Truss Outside ISS – What a View http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-116/hires/s116e05983.jpg

36. Sent UK Astronaut Tim Peake to the ISS - To conduct Research and also study Earth

37. A Palace in the Sky for all mankind What Tim Peake saw from Space Lasers

38. Earth Observation Platform – Hurricane Danny observed from ISS This Expedition 45 Commander Scott Kelly took this photograph during a spacewalk on Oct. 28, 2015. Sharing the image on social media, Kelly wrote, "# SpaceWalkSelfie Back on the grid!

39. Robotic Eyes to Assist Satellite Repairs in Orbit One of the tools that could be used for satellite servicing in the future: the Visual Inspection Poseable Invertebrate Robot (VIPIR) .

40. Research in Space for all Mankind Robotic surgery and Robonauts Foam strike detected in launch videos on Day 2 Engineers requested inspection by crew or remote photo imagery to check for damage Mission managers discounted foam strike significance No actions were taken to confirm shuttle integrity or prepare contingency plans Fruit Fly Heart Beat at 1 Week (Humans – 7 years) Fruit Fly Heart Beat at 7 Weeks ( Human – 70 years)

41. We are Living and Working in Space Innovations: Impossible to I’m possible

42. Aerospace and Construction: Synergy has existed

43. Observation – head of infrastructure and development Michael Buehler states in a 2016 World Economic Forum report Most industries have undergone significant changes – reaped benefits of process, product and service innovations Construction industry has relied less nor fully embraced innovation opportunities – labor productivity has stagnated or decreased over many decades (at NASA - Innovate or Perish ) Main Causes – internal & external challenges, fragmentation in the industry, inadequate collaboration between players, not adopting new technologies , difficulty in recruiting talent, insufficient knowledge transfer from project to project Aerospace industry on the other hand – is inherently innovative , doing the impossible, redefining the ultimate frontier, its business models, products and services demanded continuous innovation and improvement (common theme) Success for Aerospace – incremental change was rarely an option, instead far-reaching challenges or radical goals demanded leap-frogging and disruptive technologies , many innovative out-of-the-box solution –

44. NASA’s vision for manned exploration of Mars by 2030 – immediate goal NASA Completes Successful Heat Shield Testing for Future Mars Exploration Vehicles

45. Getting to Mars is easy; landing is very hard Out of 40+ attempts, only 7 have been successful (NASA)

46. Maslow’s Law of Hierarchy – Basic Needs Key Regardless one lives on Earth or in Space

47. Even for Building on Mars NASA needs best Construction Industry experts from Earth

48. Tech Trends Revolution Future of Construction

49. Tech Trends Revolution Areas New materials enter construction (Nanomaterials Building Information Modeling (CAD concepts) 3-D Printed Habitats (ISRU concept – Regolith) Building with autonomous Robots (Safety) 3-D printed Objects (Self assembly & Reshape) Off-the-Earth Assembly of Satellites Enhancing Machine Learning – Drones/UAVS Application of new materials (Graphene) BEAM Concepts for remote/disaster application Self deployable habitat - extreme environment Augmented and Virtual Reality Artificial Intelligence – Predictive Analytics Wearable Technology – Internet, Cloud, etc.

50. As we embark on an ambitious Mission Mars – Space is our canvas for future Innovations

51. Nanomaterials(high strength-to-weight ratio) for skyscrapers, silicon nanoparticles to capture light and self-healing plastics (NASA) for space

52. Building Information Modeling (BIM)- 3D Design, 4-D schedule and 5-D is budget and Co2 emissions cycled as Co2NCRETE by UCLA – ISRU

53. NASA’s 3D Printed Habitat Challenge – create sustainable housing solutions for Earth and beyond including ISRU (Regolith Mining and Usage)

54. New frontier of Building with autonomous Robots Eliminate human safety issues and potential build in any environment (space/Earth/Underwater)

55. Using 3-D and 4-D printers (4-D printing involves 3-D printed & expandable objects reshape and self-assemble by adding water or heat (MIT lab)

56. Made In Space and Nano racks launch 3-D printer on ISS to build and assemble CubeSats in orbit from printed parts and deploy in space– first off-the Earth assembly line

57. Unmanned aerial Vehicles and Drones – for aerial photos, generating maps and 3D images, thermal imaging and track progress of projects Enhancing Machine Learning concepts

58. MIT Engineers and Scientists are thinking of Space Elevator concepts –using Graphene – a 2-D variety of carbon (stronger, thin, and 1 atom thick) Porous, withstand pressure and disperse tension

59. Bigelow Expandable Activity Module(BEAM) for ISS

60. Self-deployable Habitat for Extreme Environments (SHEE) – autonomous construction - could be used on alien worlds Mars and Earth – areas hit by natural disasters

61. Augmented reality allows users walk through 3D and 4D model environments with their feet for interference issues and gathering more data

62. AI _predictive analytics uses data from all stakeholders to analyze project risk

63. Wearables technology makes construction safer looks for real time hazards – wearables track where workers are on job site (Internet of Things)

64. Closing Remarks What does future hold?

65. As mankind continues his quest to explore planets and spread into space for survival of the species

66. Aerospace & Construction:Takeaways Go beyond “on time, on budget” – disruptive technologies like Space X – reusability concepts Overcome constraints – recycle water and oxygen - ISS Enable continued support of Life on Earth – reduce carbon footprint (Bezos, Branson) and recycle waste Smart and affordable housing/travel – Bigelow- BEAM and Virgin cost for space travel (20K per Don Thomas) Learn from Experience – disaster resiliency and learn from accidents – change culture and reduce unknowns Put humans in the center : Human-centric designs( veggie:how light affects astronaut sleep habits) Create high-performance organizations (culture/retention of employees lost to IT sector from Aerospace/Const.) Collaborate beyond boundaries (different industries) Sky is NOT the limit (graphene, nanotubes) Take calculated risks – no risks – no rewards

67. Large data must be transferred from Space to Earth using Light :OPALS Lasers

68. Reach for New Heights In Your Life ……. Failure is NOT an OPTION .

69. Goodbye from… NASA Ravi QUESTIONS Anyone ?