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1. TOFEL speaking

2. Independent speaking: Try to describe as specific as possible Try to contain as much information as possible in your statement Be logical and easy to understand

3. Task 1 2020.1.4.2 Some universities require first-year students to live in dormitories on campus. Others allow students to live off campus. Which policy do you think is better for first-year students and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.

4. 1. Agree/Disagree: Stick on one side, explain what influence it will have on the other side eg1: Do you think students should be allowed to talk in library or should stay quiet? First sentence: make a choice -Stay quiet Talking in the library will bother other students Talking in the library will affect learning efficiency Examples Conclusion

5. 2.Prefer A/B: If choose A, explain why B is inappropriate+ why A is a better solution Eg2:Do you prefer seek fellow students for help or professors after a lecture? Explain why and include details. 1)First sentence: make your standpoint - fellow students 2)Ask professor might affect personal time/+heavy workload 3)Ask fellow students will strengthen relationships (brainstorming, cooperation, social skills, communication etc.) 4)Examples 5) Conclusion

6. Practice: Do you prefer high-paid jobs or those that suit personality. Please explain with specific reasons.

7. Task 2 2 Categories Letter /Proposal from students Announcement/notice Disapprove Approve Disapprove Approve

8. 2.1 Note-taking: Reading Title Pol- use print pap (policy on usage of printing paper) Content Change $ print=> copis (charge students fees when printing ten or more ten copies) Reason ↑ awarens save pap( raise awareness of saving paper) $:pay printer, pap ink ( the printing fee can also cover part of expenditure on the printer, the paper and the ink) Symbol: ↑increase, enhance ↓reduce, decrease, worsen →since, so that, cause&effect ⎷agree, right, reasonable, excellent, positive =just like, similar to, the same as ⌿different from, not the same as ⍩explain, mean, say, more than….

9. 2.2 Note-taking: Listening Listening signal: Agree: like, in favour of, supports, reasonable Disagree: oppose, against, no benefits Example: for instance, say, like Emphasis: especially, remember that, pay attation Comparison: whereas, unlike regardless , in spite of M F⎷ ⎷-charging$ help realize problem 1.Waste resources Print without thinking if need Eg : some stu print out whole articles witho reading ⎷save resources 2. copy$ cover a new printer/other new equip- stud no need to wait when breakdown or repair

10. Speaking in Template ( Reading)The announcement from the university/The letter from the student says that_______. There are two reasons/benefits. First,_____; Second, ______ (Listening)In the conversation, the man/woman agrees/disagrees with this new policy/decision/plan/proposal/letter with/ because of/due to two reasons. First, ________; Second, ______.

11. Task 2.3 practice Reading: University Announces Energy-Saving Plan Out of concern for the environment, the university has announced an effort to reduce energy consumption. The energy saving measures will start at the library. One measure involves the library’s inside lighting : new overhead lights that use less power will be installed throughout the building. Another measure has to do with the temperature level in the library. The air-conditioning will be reduced on hot days, meaning that study areas will be kept somewhat warmer when it is hot outside. Listening: Official 53 Task 2 45sec

12. Question: The women expresses her opinion of the university’s plan. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion. Title Anno energy-sav plan Content ↓energy consumption Reasons Install overhead lights ↓air-con Reading:

13. M F ☓ 1. Not bright→use reading lamps→savin go away 2.☓ comfort→no lib→study in dorms dorm: loud, busy, bad concentration Listening Conclusion: 2 bad ideas

14. Task 3: Integrated speaking An academic topic-Ability of combing the main info of the reading with that of what you heared. 1)Words:75-100 2)Main content: definition +explanation 3)Reading+ note-taking 45’ Task 3 in template Topic sentence : In the lecture, the professor mainly talked about the theory that_______. Supporting details : To reinforce the theory, the professor gave two examples / reasons in his speech. The first one is that_______. The other one is that______. And that’s the two examples / reasons the speaker presented to explain his/her idea. (The conclusion is optional. ) 

15. Marking point: 1. Using the example from the lecture 2. Explain what the content is 3. How it works

16. Task 3.1 Paraphrase 1. O ur motivations can be extrinsic , in other words, based on some kind of external reward like praise or money. Being exterior/external can be our intention which is based on some sort of external reward like compliment or money. 2. It can be difficult to choose suitable words to write a sentence . It is sometimes a challenge to select appropriate words to create a sentence. 3. All the people failed to see that there was no more water remaining in the vase. Nobody is aware that the vase is empty.

17. Task 3.2 Summarize key points Eg1.: One group got the boy looking angry. In fact he was actually throwing the cake on the floor. The other group got a picture of the boy smiling, happy, holding out the cake like he was offering it. Same boy, same cake, but different emotions expressed in each picture. One group saw the angry boy throwing the cake, while the other group saw the sane boy smiling hold the same cake.

18. Eg2:When companies advertise a product, they depend on the use of images which can a symbol, character, or design- any visual figure or representation that will link the company with their product in the consumer’s mind, as well as words to achieve their goal of increasing sales. When advertising, companies will use images and words to increase sales. Eg3. When learning something new, people are aware(consciously or unconsciously) of the environment of physical setting, the time of day and the people who are present during learning in which their learning takes place. People are aware of the environment when learning something new.

19. Task 3.3 Practice Reading: Chaining Behavior Many everyday human behaviors are made up of a sequence of several simpler behaviors. In order to teach children to perform these complex behaviors, parents sometimes use a technique called chaining. First, parents identify each of the simpler component behaviors and determine the order in which these simpler behaviors are performed. Parents then start with the first task in the chain. When the child has mastered that element, parents then teach the second element together with the first and reinforce this effort. When these are performed satisfactorily, they move on to elements one two and three, and so on, adding one behavior at a time. The behavior s are not taught in isolation, hence the term “chain”. Using the example of washing hands, explain the concept of chaining behaviors. Listening: Official 53 task 3

20. Task 3.3 Practice Many everyday human behaviors are made up of a sequence of several simpler behaviors . In order to teach children to perform these complex behaviors, parents sometimes use a technique called chaining . First , parents identify each of the simpler component behaviors and determine the order in which these simpler behaviors are performed. Parents then start with the first task in the chain. When the child has mastered that element, parents then teach the second element together with the first and reinforce this effort. When these are performed satisfactorily, they move on to elements one two and three , and so on, adding one behavior at a time. The behavior s are not taught in isolation, hence the term “chain”.

21. Task 3.3 Note-taking Reading Title Chaining behav Content Identify behav then determ in order Explanation Divide in few elems then reinforce Listening Example Kid wash hands Explanation Divide into 5 steps Turn on water; hand wet; soap; rinse hands; turn off water; Reinforce in sequence Conclusion wash hands on her own

22. Homework!!!!!!! Practice 5 Independent speaking!!- Think about your logic and standpoints Practice two paraphrase and summarize key points Do a writing task before next class. (If you have time)

23. Independent Speaking Homework ！！！ 1.Some people say that childhood is the best time in a person’s life. Other people disagree. What is your opinion? Explain why. 2.When people have a little extra money, they like to spend it right away on something they enjoy. Others prefer to save the extra money. Which do you like to do? Explain why. 3.State whether you agree or disagree with the following statement. Then explain your reasons, using specific details in your explanation. People are more likely to enjoy themselves at concerts or films if they go with a group of friends. 4.Eighteen-year olds are not mature enough to vote. Do you agree? 5.Some people like to shop in large grocery stores and department store. Other people prefer to shop in small specialty stores or shops. Which do you prefer?

24. Homework AGAIN!!!! Summarize: These people, known as the Clovis Society after a site where their distinctive spear points were first found, would have been able to use this food source to expand their population and fill the continent rapidly. Paraphrase: Modern humans have certainly been capable of such drastic effects on animals, but could ancient people with little more than stone spears similarly have caused the extinction of numerous species of animals.