Special edcation concept,scope,objectives,principles ppt

Contribution to my loved ones who aspire to learn...july 2021

1. Special education Syed tawseef (M.A, m. ed ) university of kashmir (south campus) Concept, Scope Objectives,Principles

2. CONCEPT An educational program or service designed to meet the needs of children with special needs who cannot profit from general or regular education because of disabilities or exceptional abilities. Special education refers to the education of persons who are GIFTED OR TALENTED and those who have PHYSICAL,MENTAL,SOCIAL OR SENSORY AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES so as to require modifications to develop to their maximum capacities. Special education is a specially designed instruction which meets the special needs of an exceptional child.

3. Special or Exceptional children Special children are those who need separate settings as compared to a normal school child. These children may be classified on the basis of: Visual impairment. Hearing impairment. Speech or Language Impairment. Serious Emotional disturbance. Orthopedic impairment (bone and muscle problems) Educationally Exceptional (educationally bright , educationally backward , learning disabled, mentally retarded) Socially Exceptional (maladjusted ,problematic, juvenile delinquent, emotionally disturbed)

4. Terms Related to S pecial C hildren Impairment:- T he loss or reduced function of a body part or physical part.It is temporary in nature and can be treated. e.g :- Person with low vision. Disability:- When an impairment limits the ability to perform certain tasks. It is permanent in nature and cannot be treated. e.g :- A person completely blind. Handicap:- I nability to accomplish something one might want to do. A condition which limits a person’s social function. It is cosidered as a disadvantage. e.g :- ‘Overweight’ is considered as a handicap which keeps a person at a disadvantage incomparison to others.

5. Scope of Special Education Identification:- S pecial education helps in the identification of special children based on physical, mental, emotional and behavioural characteristics. Integration:- Children with special needs feel left out from the society, special education helps them to regain confidence and ability to compete with the world. Independence:- S pecial education helps children to be independent and helps such children to get rid of the notion that they are a burden to the society and the family. Placement:- P lacement of disabled children in the appropriate settings forms an important part of special education. It helps them to earn a better livelihood.

6. Objectives of Special E ducation To help special children to get adjusted to their environment. To make them familiar with their abilities and capacities and helping them to actualize these abilities. To provide educational opportunities to each and every special child irrespective of their disability. To arrange guidance programs for their parents with an eye to seek their cooperation in education. To change the attitude of the society towards these special children. To help exceptional children to acquire necessary skills for their independent living. To utilize their contribution for the progress of the nation and increase their status in society.

7. Basic Principles of Special Education Individual difference:- special education is based on the principle of individual differences i.e ; No two individuals are alike in their abilities and special education intervenes each special child differently which helps in exploring their true potential. Zero rejection:- this principle states that no special child should be excluded from the public education based on nature of severity of the disability or any other reason. Free appropriate public education (FAPE):- the individuals with disabilities education act guarantees right to free and appropriate education for kids with disabilities. It is the most important legal right of every disabled child. PWD Act of 1995 and Rights of persons with Disabilities Act 2016 was implemented in june 2017 which gave extra rights to the special children (14 other disabilities added to already existing 7 of PWD act).

8. Least restrictive environment (LRE):- least restrictive environment is a rule of educating the students with other normal students so that they don’t feel a sense of self inadequacy. Non-discriminatory identification and evaluation:- this principle helps to determine whether the student has a disability and if so, what is the degree of exceptionality and is there a need of special school or normal school. Parent and student participation:- special education can be made effective if parents participate actively in the educational programme designated for handicapped children.

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