Specialization of Civil Engineering

Civil Engineering a branch of oldest and most important at every filed of engineering .
These topic cover the specialization of civil engineering .

1. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SPECIALIZATION OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Er . RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT ( M.Tech )

2. Introduction C ivil Engineer The term "civil engineer" was established by John Smeaton  in 1750 to contrast engineers working on civil projects with the military engineers  who worked on armaments and defenses. Over time, various sub-disciplines of civil engineering have become recognized and much of military engineering has been absorbed by civil engineering.

3. Civil engineering is one of the oldest engineering disciplines because it deals with constructed environment  including planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures, and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, and water and sewage systems .

4. Civil engineering is one of the oldest branches of engineering and is further divided into numerous other sub-disciplines: Geotechnical engineering. Environmental engineering. Transportation Engineering. Urban Engineering. Materials Engineering. Coastal Engineering. Construction Engineering. Structural Engineering.

5. Areas of specialization within civil engineering are as follows: There are many areas within civil engineering you could specialize in: Coastal - Protect costal areas against erosion and flooding. Earthquake - Test structures to ensure they are earthquake-resistant. Environmental - Find new ways to protect our environment; create wind farms, work on water purification, waste water treatment and solid waste treatment, etc.

6. Structural - Design and build bridges, towers, flyovers, tunnels, and off-shore structures like oil and gas fields in the sea. Transport - Work on building and maintaining roads, canals, highways, rail systems, airports, and ports. Urban - Primarily focus on designing, constructing, and maintaining the roads, water supply networks, sewers, municipal solid waste management and disposal, public parks, etc. Water resources - Design and construct water resources such as pipelines, drainage facilities (including dams, channels, culverts, storm sewers), and canals.

7. In addition to the areas of specialization listed below Environmental Engineering Geotechnical Engineering Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering Structural Engineering Transportation Engineering

8. Environmental Engineering The goal of environmental engineering is to ensure that societal development and the use of water, land and air resources are sustainable. This goal is achieved by managing these resources so that environmental pollution and degradation is minimized.

9. Environmental engineers study water, soil and air pollution problems, and develop technical solutions needed to solve, attenuate or control these problems in a manner that is compatible with legislative, economic, social and political concerns. Civil engineers are particularly involved in such activities as water supply and sewerage, management of surface water and groundwater quality, remediation of contaminated sites and solid waste management.

10. Consulting firms, municipalities, government agencies, industries and non-governmental organizations and specialized contractors are potential employers for civil engineers with a specialization in environmental engineering.

11. Geotechnical Engineering Geotechnical engineering is the study of the behavior of soils under the influence of loading forces and soil-water interactions. This knowledge is applied to the design of foundations, retaining walls, earth dams, clay liners, and geosynthetics for waste containment. The goals of geotechnical engineers could range from the design of foundations and temporary excavation support, through route selection for railways and highways, to the increasingly important areas of landfill disposal of wastes and groundwater contamination. 

12. Employment opportunities include geotechnical and engineering consultants, public utilities, governmental agencies, environmental agencies, specialized contractors and resource industry companies

13. Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering Water resources engineering is the quantitative study of the hydrologic cycle -- the distribution and circulation of water linking the earth's atmosphere, land and oceans. Surface runoff is measured as the difference between precipitation and abstractions, such as infiltration (which replenishes groundwater flow), surface storage and evaporation. Applications include the management of the urban water supply, the design of urban storm-sewer systems, and flood forecasting.

14. Hydraulic engineering consists of the application of fluid mechanics to water flowing in an isolated environment (pipe, pump) or in an open channel (river, lake, ocean). Civil engineers are primarily concerned with open channel flow, which is governed by the interdependent interaction between the water and the channel.

15. Positions are available in large and small consulting firms, and at all levels of government (municipal, provincial and federal). Particularly in Quebec, due to its abundant water resources, hydrology has played an important role in the social and economic development of the province.

16. Structural Engineering Structural engineers are concerned with the conception, analysis, design and construction of components or assemblies to resist loads arising from internal and external forces. Solid mechanics is the study of the distribution of stresses that a given load produces when applied to a solid element, and the calculation of the resulting strains, given the characteristics of the materials that make up that element.

17. In addition to steel and concrete, new materials that are being developed and used in structural engineering include reinforced plastics and polymers. The rehabilitation of existing structures weakened by corrosion continues to be an important task.

18. Employment opportunities include work with consulting structural engineers, construction companies, building development companies, engineering departments of private corporations, aircraft and aerospace related companies, public utilities, and government agencies.

19. Transportation Engineering Transportation has always played an essential role in the development of society, originally with regard to trade routes and harbors, but more recently with regard to land- and air-based systems as well. It is the transportation engineer's responsibility to plan, design, build, operate and maintain these systems of transport, in such a way as to provide for the safe, efficient and convenient movement of people and goods.

20. Automobile infrastructures can be split into the traditional area of highway design and planning, and the rapidly growing area of traffic control systems. The transportation engineer faces the challenge of developing both network links and major terminals to satisfy transportation demands, with due regard for the resultant land-use, environmental and other impacts of these facilities.

21. Employment opportunities are available both in the public sector (e.g., federal and provincial government transportation ministries, regional and municipal roads, traffic and transit agencies) and the private sector (e.g., engineering consultants, trucking, railroad and airline companies, vehicle manufacturing). The undergraduate core and technical complementary program provide for a solid grounding in transportation engineering sufficient for related professional employment.

22. Thanks. Email ID : [email protected]