Spectacle frame materials

1. Frame Materials Suhail Wahab Khalil

2. FRAME MATERIALS Metal Plastic Tortoise shells Wood Combination (plastic and metal )

3. ALUMINUM Stain resistant. Durable. Light weight. Paintable. Strong & rigid. Does not corrodes. Does not solders or welds well, so parts made from it are to be joined together with screws or rivets.

4. NICKEL SILVER Another name for nickel silver is German silver. Nickel silver contain more than 50% copper, 25% nickel and the rest zinc. . .No Silver. copper gives the material its pliability, zinc adds strength and nickel gives the alloy a whitish appearance.

5. MONEL METAL Monel is whitish in color. It is pliable for good adjustment, R esists corrosion A ccepts a high polish. It is made from 63-70% nickel , 25-30 % copper, 2.5% iron and traces of silicon, carbon and sulphur .

6. TITANIUM Ideal frame material Light weight Flexible Abberation resistant Passed the artificial sweat-rust test. Pure titanium frames can be up to 48% lighter than conventional metal frames Expensive & Colors are limited

7. TITANIUM FRAME

8. STAINLESS STEEL Durable. When made very thin, they are Flexible, that’s why most suited for making temples. Strong. Non magnetic Resistant to oxidation/corrosion. Endless color range

9. Beryllium Cobalt Hard Light Weight Strong Durable Flexible Light Weight Many colors Relatively Expensive

10. PLASTIC FRAME MATERIALS/ZYLONITE Cellulose Acetate Cellulose Nitrate Polymide (A nylon) Acrylic (occasionally used) Carbon fiber (added to frames to give strength and light weight)

11. CELLULOSE ACETATE, ZYL The basis cellulose acetate material is extracted from cotton or wood pulp and then further processed into sheets from which frame parts are drawn. It is most commonly used material. Can be produced faster than other plastic frames. Is more colorfast and easy to polish. Least material allergies reported if coated properly. Acetate is heavier compared to newer plastics. Acetate goes white and brittle with age.

12. CELLULOSE NITRATE Tougher than Cellulose Acetate. Thinner frames. Harder surface, so easy to polish . Better dimensional stability . Inflammable if brought to a sufficiently high temperature, (because of the danger posed by the flamablility , cellulose nitrate have been banned by the US Food and drug administration (FDA) and is no longer used for spectacle frame). Because these zylonite frames were the only plastic frames commonly used for a period of time, plastic frames were known as zyl frames. An spite of zylonite disappearing from the market, the “ Zyl ” nick name for plastic lens remains .

13. POLYMIDE (A NYLON) Durable and resistant to chemicals. Less weight as compared to cellulose acetate. Highly Flexible Used most extensively for manfacture of sports wear. Many colors and designs. Can be made opaque and translucent as well.

14. CARBON FIBER Carbon fiber material is used to create a thin, strong frame. Made from strands of carbon fibers combined with nylon. U sed mainly for frame fronts. P rinciple advantage is its light weight, and strength Due to its strength frames can also be made thinner. Carbon fiber is 60 % lighter than the weight cellulose acetate .

15. PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC FRAME MATERIALS Dimensional Stability Colorfastness Mechanical durability Good thermal – electrical insulation High resistance to chemicals Ease of production

16. TORTOISE SHELL FRAMES

17. WOODEN FRAMES

18. Nylon cord frame, some times called string mounted frames or nylon supras , hold the lenses in place by means of a nylon cord that fits around the edge of lens. This give the glasses the appearance of being rimless. Usually the top of the lens fitted into the upper rim of the frames. The rest of the length has a small groove cut into an otherwise flat edge. NYLON CORD FRAMES OR NYLON SUPRAS

19. NUMONT MOUNTINGS Numont mountings hold the lenses in place only at there nasal edge. Lenses are attached at the bridge area and the temples are attached to a metal arm that extends along the posterior surface temporarily. Thus there is only one point of attachment.

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