sphenoid bone anatomy and clinical anatomy

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1. Sphenoid Bone GIRISH 1 st year BAMS

2. Table of contents 01 04 02 05 03 06 introduction B ody of Sphenoid Greater wings Lesser wings P etrygoid process C linical anatomy

3. 1 I ntroduction

4. The Ayurvedic name of sphenoid bone is संख्यास्थि It is categorized under कपालास्थि Sphenoid bone resembles like a bat without streached wings It resembles like wolverine mask It contains : A body in the centre Two lesser wings from anterior part of body Two greater wings from the lateral part of the body Two pterygoid processes directed downwards from the junction of the body and greater wings.

5. Bodyof sphenoid 2

6. I nferior surface Body of Sphenoid Rectum of sphenoid Sphenoid conchae Vaginal processes of medial petrygoid plate It articulates with the ethmoid bone anteriorly and basilar part of ospital bone posteriorly. Jugum sphenoidale Sulcus chiasmaticus Tuberculum sellae Sella turcia Dorsal sellae Clivus S uperior or cerebral surface

7. Anterior surface P osterior surface Sphenoidal crest articulates with perpendicular plate of ethmoid to form a small part of septum of nose.Sphenoidal conchae close the sphenoid air sinuses leaving the openings. Each half of anterior surface has two parts- superolateral and inferomedial.The superolateral depression articulates with labyrinth of ethmoid to complete the posterior ethmoidal air sinuses. The inferomedial smooth triangular area forms the posterior part of the root of the nose. It articulates with the basal part of occipital bone. Carotid sulcus, a broad groove curved like letter 'f' for lodging cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery Below the sulcus, it articulates with greater wing of sphenoid laterally and with pterygoid process which is directed downwards. L ateral surface Sphenoidal A ir sinuses These are asymmetrical air sinuses in the body of sphenoid, and are closed by sphenoidal conchae. The sinus opens into the lateral wall of nose in the spheno - ethmoidal recess above the superior concha

8. G reater Wings 3

9. These are two strong processe which curve laterally and upwards from the sides of body. It has three surfaces Supirior or cerebral surface Lateral surface Orbital surface

10. Superior or cerebral surface It forms the floor of middle cranial fossa and presentsfrom before backwards : 1 Foramen rotundum 2 Foramen ovale 3 Emissary sphenoidale foramen 4 Foramen  spinosum Lateral surface A horizontal ridge, the infratemporal crest divides this surface into upper or temporal surface and a lower or infratemporal surface. It is pierced by foramen ovale and foramen spinosum . Its posterior part presents spine of sphenoid.

11. Orbital surface Forms the posterior wall of the lateral wall of orbit Its medial border bears a small tubercle for attachment of a common tendinous ring for the origin of recti muscles of the eyeball. Below the medial end of superior orbital fissure, the grooved area forms the posterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa and is pierced by foramen rotundum.Borders are surrounding the greater wing of sphenoid

12. Lesser wings 4

13. Lesser wings are two triangular plates projecting laterally from the anterosuperior part of the body. It comprises : • A base forming medial end of the wing. It is connected to the body by two roots which enclose the optic canal . • Tip forms the lateral end of the wing . • Superior surface forming floor of anterior cranial fossa . • Inferior surface forming upper boundary of superior orbital fissure . • Anterior border articulates with the posterior border of orbital plate of frontal bone . • Posterior border is free and projects into the stem of lateral sulcus of brain. Medially, it terminates into the anterior clinoid  process.

14. Superior orbital fissure It is a triangular gap through which middle cranial fossa communicates with the orbit. The structures passing through it are put in list of foramina and structures passing through them

15. Peterygoid process 5

16. One pterygoid (Greek wing) process on each side projects downwards from the junction of the body with the greater wing of sphenoid (Fig. 1.38).Each pterygoid process divides inferiorly into the medial and lateral pterygoid plates. The plates are fused together in their upper parts, but are separated in their lower parts by the pterygoid fissure. Posteriorly, the pterygoid plates enclose a 'V-shaped interval', the pterygoid fossa. The medial pterygoid plate in its upper part presents a scaphoid fossa. Refer to norma basalis for medial and lateral pterygoid  plates.

17. Clinical anatomy 6

18. Fractures of the  sphenoid  occur in cases of trauma to the orbit or the base of the skull. These fractures may present with multiple neurological sequelae as the sphenoid is closely associated with numerous nerves that pass through it. Loss of vision and ocular damage is closely related to these fractures Loss of eyesight

19. Sphenoid sinustis Sphenoid sinusitis is an inflammation-related condition that can create uncomfortable symptoms and headache pain. Here, we explore what causes sphenoid sinusitis and how to deal with it. Our sinus is a cavity filled with air on both sides of our nasal structure. The cavities filter the air we inhale with the assistance of the lining of mucus our nasal cavity contains. There are actually four sinuses around the nasal cavity and at the back of the head; right behind our eye is the sphenoid sinus.

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